硅对Cd胁迫下黄瓜苗期光合及抗氧化酶系统的影响

为了解石灰性土壤硅对Cd胁迫下黄瓜苗期叶片的光合特性和抗氧化酶系统及对实际土壤Cd毒害植物的防治,研究了硅介入下Cd污染土壤中黄瓜苗期的叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2(C_i)等光合作用指标,叶绿素含量,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶系统等相关参数。结果表明:与空白相比较,单施Cd处理下,P_n、G_s、T_r和叶绿素含量下降,Ci提高。硅介入后,能明显提高P_n、G_s、T_r和叶绿素总量,降低C_i含量。当C_d含量为5mg/kg时,硅施加量100~200mg/kg情况下,与空白相比,P_n、G_s、T_r和叶绿素上升,C_i下降,但100mg/kg与200mg/kg的硅处理差异不明显,300mg/kg的硅添加量效果最好。对于抗氧化酶系统,与空白相比较,土壤Cd含量为3~5mg/kg时,3类抗氧化酶的活性均受到显著抑制,200~300mg/kg硅的引入可明显提高SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA值。可见,硅的引入可明显改善Cd胁迫下黄瓜叶片的光合特性和抗氧化酶系统。施用少量硅肥在石灰性土壤中对缓解植物Cd毒害具有一定的应用前景。     

镉胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

通过室内水培试验,研究了不同浓度镉处理（0,25,50,100,200μmol/L）对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：镉胁迫第4天,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率已显著下降,但细胞间隙CO2浓度变化不大;叶绿素相对含量仅在200μmol/L镉胁迫时下降;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Yield和ETR变化不大,表明200μmol/L以下镉处理光合下降的主要原因是气孔因素。在胁迫第8天,所有镉处理净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率进一步下降,细胞间隙CO2浓度上升,叶绿素相对含量和除NPQ外的所有荧光参数也显著下降,表明此时光合下降与非气孔因素如叶绿素相对含量下降和原初光化学反应受到伤害等有关。50μmol/L镉胁迫导致除NPQ外的所有荧光参数出现一低谷值,原因可能与镉胁迫引起的严重Fe缺乏有关。     

The Positive Effects of Silicon on Rice Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Mixed Stress

Saline-alkali mixed stress is a widespread environmental problem in agriculture. To examine the effects of silicon on rice under saline-alkali stress, the effects of silicon on germination, morphogenesis, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidases including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were investigated in rice seedlings. The results showed that germination percentage, germination rate, and germination index were increased significantly by the silicon compared with the nonsilicon treatment. Meanwhile, silicon application improved the growth of rice seedlings remarkably under saline-alkali stress, which was consistent with the elevation of chlorophyll contents. The MDA contents were decreased markedly with different silicon treatments. In contrast, the activities of SOD and POD were enhanced significantly with appropriate silicon treatment, which were in accordance with the increasing of soluble protein contents. All the analysis showed that 5 and 10 mmol/L silicon concentrations were more effective in alleviating the injury of rice seedlings under saline-alkali stress.     

甜菜碱不同预处理时间下小麦幼苗对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应

以小麦长武134为实验材料,于小麦长至两叶一心期时根施2.0 g/L甜菜碱,研究外源甜菜碱预处理不同时间(48 h,72 h,96 h)后对PEG-6000(-1.0 MPa)胁迫下小麦幼苗水分状况、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、膜伤害程度的影响。结果表明外施甜菜碱可增强干旱条件下细胞的渗透调节能力,提高抗氧化酶的活性,减缓干旱胁迫诱导的细胞伤害,其中用2.0 g/L的甜菜碱预处理72 h效果相对较好。     

复硝酚钠对低温下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗耐寒性的影响

为缓解低温胁迫对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗的伤害,以黄瓜中农106为试验材料,研究不同浓度复硝酚钠(CSN)浸种对低温胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及萌发后生长的影响,以及CSN灌根处理对黄瓜幼苗壮苗效果及幼苗耐寒性的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的CSN浸种能显著提高低温胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、侧根数和鲜重,以50 mg·L^-1浓度效果最佳。在黄瓜育苗过程中,100 mg·L^-1的CSN灌根处理能显著提高穴盘苗质量和壮苗指数,低温胁迫下CSN通过促进矿质元素吸收,提高幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高生长素(IAA)和油菜素内酯(BR)含量,降低活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量以提高幼苗的耐寒性。本研究为培育黄瓜壮苗和提高黄瓜幼苗耐寒性提供了新方法,也为复硝酚钠在设施蔬菜上的应用提供了技术支持。     

The Effect of Cadmium Toxicity and Silicon Supplementation on the Activity of Antioxidative Enzymes and the Concentration of Zinc and Iron in Hydroponically Grown Cucumber

Two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.) exposed to three cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 1, and 5 μM) were supplemented or un-supplemented with silicon (Si) (1 mM). Exposure to 1 μM Cd had no effect on shoot and root dry mass, whereas exposure to 5 μM Cd significantly reduced plant growth. Addition of Si stimulated the growth of Cd-treated cucumber. Exposure to 5 μM Cd significantly increased shoot Cd concentration and decreased iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration. Plants supplied with Si had lower Cd and higher Zn and Fe compared with unsupplied plants. Exposure to Cd resulted in a higher production of malondialdehyde (MDA). Si nutrition partly ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by Cd toxicity. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) decreased, whereas ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in response to 5 μM Cd. Induction of APX activity might play an important role in the response of cucumber to Cd toxicity.     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗光合作用的影响

为了探究水杨酸(SA)对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗的缓解机理,以2个对盐胁迫敏感程度不同的棉花品种中棉所41号和中棉所49号为材料,研究SA浸种和叶面喷施对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗光合作用的影响。结果表明,0.05、0.06 mmol·L~(-1) SA浸种和0.08、0.12、0.18 mmol·L~(-1) SA叶面喷施均可提高棉花幼苗的株高、干物质积累、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度和气孔导度,能有效缓解0.6%NaCl的胁迫。中棉所41号在0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SA浸种处理和0.08 mmol·L~(-1) SA叶面喷施处理表现最好,中棉所49号在0.06 mmol·L~(-1) SA浸种处理和0.18 mmol·L~(-1) SA叶面喷施处理表现最好。主成分分析表明,单株鲜重、叶干重、净光合速率和气孔限制值可以作为评价不同浓度的SA对盐胁迫缓解效果的主要指标。综上所述,SA浸种与叶面喷施2种处理方式均可缓解0.6%NaCl带来的伤害,但存在浓度效应,适宜的浓度与棉花的基因型与耐盐性密切相关。本研究为进一步揭示外源SA对棉花盐胁迫的缓解机理提供了参考,同时也为新疆盐碱地棉花种植提供了理论依据。     

Protective Role of Putrescine Against Salt Stress is Partially Related to the Improvement of Water Relation and Nutritional Imbalance in Cucumber

Polyamines play a variety of physiological roles in plant growth and development. To investigate whether exogenous putrescine (Put) has roles in protecting plants against salt stress, Put (100 μ M) was added to nutrient solution three days before cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. cv. “Jinyan No.4') seedlings were exposed to 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment. Putrescine treatment significantly ameliorated the detrimental effects of NaCl on root growth and this was associated with a decrease of Na uptake and an increase in potassium accumulation in roots. Manganese (Mn) content in roots was decreased by salinity stress but increased by Put pretreatment. Furthermore, osmotic stress associated with NaCl treatment decreased leaf water potential and water content, while these effects were alleviated by Put pretreatment. The decreases in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) by NaCl were also diminished by Put treatment. The results indicate that Put may play an important role in protecting cucumber plants against salt stress.     

镉胁迫下硅对高粱生长的影响及其作用机制

尽管硅提高植物的抗镉毒害已经被广泛的报道,但是其作用机理还不明确。该试验研究在镉胁迫的条件下,硅对高粱生长的影响及作用机制。结果发现:外源施加硅能显著地缓解镉对高粱无论地上部分还是地下部分鲜重及干重的抑制作用。抗氧化酶结果表明:在正常条件下,硅对抗氧化酶的活性没有显著的影响。在镉毒害的条件下,硅显著增强CAT和POD的活性,SOD的活性不受影响。与此相对应:硅显著地降低MDA的含量。对有机酸的分析发现:在镉胁迫的条件下,叶片中有3种有机酸能够检测到:草酸,丙二酸,丁二酸,并且其含量都在硅的调节下增加。而在根系中所检测的4种有机酸中,草酸和丙二酸的含量受到硅的调节而增加,柠檬酸的含量不受影响,而苹果酸的含量却有下降的趋势。上述结果表明:硅增强高粱幼苗的抗镉胁迫与其增强高粱抗氧化酶活性及增加高粱体内有机酸的含量相关。     

Physiological and growth responses of two different salt-sensitive cucumber cultivars to NaCl stress

Abstract

The effect of NaCl stress on the growth, membrane permeability, anti-oxidant enzyme activities and ion content of cucumber seedlings was investigated. Two cultivars (Jinchun No. 2, a relatively salt-sensitive cultivar, and Zaoduojia, a relatively salt-tolerant cultivar) of cucumber were used. Shoot and root dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf number of both cultivars decreased when NaCl concentrations increased. The decreases in shoot and root dry weights and leaf area were more significant in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia. Meanwhile, the salt injury index, the membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of both cultivars increased significantly with salt stress, and the increases in the salt injury index and MDA were higher in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia, whereas the increase in POD activity was lower in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia. Free proline content of Zaoduojia increased markedly with increasing concentrations of NaCl, whereas the content of Jinchun No. 2 was unaffected by salt stress. In addition, the contents of Na⁺ in the leaf, stem and root of both cultivars increased significantly, whereas the contents of K⁺ decreased significantly, resulting in an increase in the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio when NaCl concentrations increased. These results suggest that Zaoduojia exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher proline content and POD activity than the salt-sensitive Jinchun No. 2 cultivar.     

2,4-表油菜素内酯对亚适温弱光下黄瓜幼苗光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响

为了探讨外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对亚适温弱光(18/12℃,光照80μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))下黄瓜幼苗生长的调节作用,以优博1-5为试材,以常温喷施清水为对照,采用叶面喷施EBR的方法,研究其对叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、碳同化关键酶活性和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,亚适温弱光下黄瓜幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)分别比对照显著降低53.61%和21.73%,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加78.90%,进而导致干物质积累减少。亚适温弱光下喷施0.1μmol·L~(-1)EBR后,比叶重、Pn、SPAD值、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)显著增加,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)减小,同时核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco)、景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸酯酶(SBPase)、转酮醇酶(TK)和果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)活性明显升高,抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度减轻。由此可见,外源EBR可以通过提高叶绿素含量、光化学效率和碳同化关键酶活性改善亚适温弱光下黄瓜幼苗的光合性能,并通过提高抗氧化酶活性以降低膜脂过氧化伤害,从而有效缓解亚适温弱光对黄瓜幼苗的伤害。本研究结果为阐明EBR缓解黄瓜幼苗亚适温弱光胁迫的调控机制提供了一定理论依据。     

弱光对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及Rubisco酶的影响

为进一步探讨黄瓜耐弱光性的特性,对戴多星和津研2号2个黄瓜品种进行弱光胁迫处理(光照强度75~100μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),以600μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度为对照,研究弱光胁迫下其生理生化指标、光合活性、荧光特性、Rubisco活性、Rubisco大小亚基蛋白含量及基因表达的变化。结果表明,弱光处理后,黄瓜气孔发育受到抑制,气孔开张度、气孔密度和气孔指数均有所降低,且津研2号表现更为明显,所有指标均降低20%以上。黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量、植株净光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(Gs),PSⅡ实际量子效率(ΦPSⅡ),Rubisco活力、Rubisco大小亚基蛋白含量及基因表达均明显降低,其中津研2号所有指标均下降30%以上。与津研2号相比,戴多星的色素含量较高,光能捕获和利用能力较强,分配于光合作用的量子产量较高,Rubisco活性、Rubisco大小亚基蛋白含量及大小亚基基因表达较高,因而Pn相对降低较少(30.9%,津研2号下降54.5%),表现出较强的耐弱光性。本研究结果为黄瓜耐弱光机理的深入研究及耐弱光黄瓜品种的选育栽培提供了参考依据。     

钙、硅对铝胁迫下荞麦光合生理的影响

采用营养液培养法,研究了钙、硅对荞麦根长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响。结果表明,15 d时0.5 mmol/L和5 mmol/L Al3 处理降低了荞麦根长、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Ci),对叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo的影响不大,30 d后以上伤害均加重。配施钙或硅的处理,能促进根的伸长和提高叶绿素含量,并使叶片的Pn、Ci保持在较高的水平,施硅能明显提高荞麦叶片的叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm、Fv/F,而钙的影响不大。硅对铝胁迫的缓解效果好于钙。     

渗透胁迫下烤烟根和叶片中内源激素含量的变化

采用酶联吸附免疫测定(ELISA)技术分析了渗透胁迫下烤烟根和叶片中脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和异戊烯基腺嘌呤(iPA)4种内源激素含量的变化。结果表明,渗透胁迫下烤烟叶片水势降低,蛋白质含量增加,根和叶中ABA和iPA含量升高,IAA和GA3含量减少。培养液渗透势-0.5 MPa与-0.25 MPa两处理相比,前者烟叶水势和ABA含量较低,蛋白质及IAA、GA3和iPA含量较高,根中iPA和叶中ABA含量达到高峰及根中GA3含量出现低谷所需时间较短,其它指标的变化二者同步。根与叶中激素含量相比,在胁迫处理前期(6 h)根中IAA和GA3含量的降低幅度较大,ABA含量峰值出现较早,说明烤烟根中的激素对渗透胁迫的反应更加敏感。     

Effect of grafting on the growth and ion concentrations of cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress

Abstract

To assess whether grafting raised the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting transport of Na⁺ to the leaf and to test whether the salt tolerance of grafted plants was affected by the shoot genotype, two cucumber cultivars (“Jinchun No. 2”, a relatively salt-sensitive cultivar, and “Zaoduojia”, a relative salt-tolerant cultivar) were grafted onto rootstock pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. cv. “Chaojiquanwang”, a salt-tolerant cultivar). Ungrafted plants were used as controls. The effects of grafting on plant growth and ion concentrations were investigated under NaCl stress. Reductions in the shoot and root dry weights, leaf area and stem diameter of grafted plants were lower and concentrations of K⁺ and Cl^? in the leaves were higher than those of ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. The Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in scion leaves and in the stems of grafted plants were lower, whereas those in rootstock stems and roots were higher than in ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. Shoot and root dry weight, leaf area and stem diameter were negatively correlated with leaf Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, but were positively correlated with leaf K⁺ concentrations. The Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio were lower, whereas the K⁺ concentrations in the leaves of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants were higher than those in grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants under the same NaCl stress. The reductions in leaf area and stem diameter of grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants were more severe than those of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants. These results indicate that: (1) the higher salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is associated with lower Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and higher K⁺ concentrations in the leaves, (2) grafting improved the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting the transport of Na⁺ to the leaves, (3) the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is related to the shoot genotype.     

Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Physiological Characteristics of Peanut Seedlings under Iron-Deficiency Stress

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) on iron (Fe) deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were studied by adopting the hydroponic experiment. Iron deficiency caused serious chlorosis, inhibited plant growth and dramatically decreased the concentration of Fe in the roots. Furthermore, it decreased the active Fe content and chlorophyll content, and disturbed ionic homeostasis. In addition, Fe deficiency significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the superoxide anion (O₂^??) generation rate. Addition of SA increased Fe concentration in the shoots and roots, active Fe content, chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. Moreover, SA supplementation alleviated the excess absorption of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) induced by Fe deficiency. In addition, the chlorosis symptom was alleviated and the plant growth was improved. Meanwhile, addition of SA increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), and decreased the content of MDA and the O₂^?? generation rate. These results suggest that exogenous SA can alleviate Fe-deficiency induced chlorosis by promoting the plant growth, improving the efficiency of Fe uptake, translocation and utilization, protecting antioxidant enzymes system, and stimulating mineral element maintenance.     

磁化水对盐胁迫下黄瓜生长和生理特性的影响

为探究磁化水浇灌对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,采用人工气候室内进行的二因素二水平砂培试验,即2个磁化水水平(D:蒸馏水、M:磁化蒸馏水)和2个盐处理水平(Na0:0 mmol/L,Na1:100 mmol/L NaCl),共4个处理,研究了盐胁迫下磁化水浇灌对黄瓜幼苗生长、水分关系、光合气体交换、抗氧化能力、养分(N,P和K)及Na含量等的影响。结果表明:(1)无论在非盐胁迫和盐胁迫下,浇灌磁化水均具有改善黄瓜幼苗生长及/或生理活动的作用。磁化水在盐胁迫下改善黄瓜生长和生理活动的作用大于非盐胁迫下,且随盐胁迫或磁化水处理时间的延长,磁化水的效应增加。(2)盐胁迫下,磁化水浇灌改善黄瓜幼苗生长的主要生理机制在于:增加了黄瓜幼苗根系生长,改善了叶片水分关系,增加了叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率和水分利用效率,增强了叶保护酶活性从而降低了叶细胞膜受伤害程度,降低了根、茎和叶中的Na含量从而增加K⁺/Na⁺比。研究结果为磁化水用于次生盐渍化土壤上生长的黄瓜灌溉提供了理论依据。     

渗透胁迫下Ca2+/CaM信使系统对小麦幼苗生理特性的调控效应

为探讨Ca2+/CaM信使系统对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗生理特性的调控效应,以豫麦49-198为材料,研究了Ca2+通道阻断剂异博啶(VP)和CaM拮抗剂盐酸氯丙嗪(CPZ)对PEG胁迫下小麦幼苗相对含水量、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O2·-)、双氧水(H2O2)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,随着渗透胁迫时间延长,VP和CPZ处理提高了小麦幼苗MDA、O2·-和H2O2含量,降低了相对含水量、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质和GSH含量,抑制了SOD、POD和CAT活性,而且VP和CPZ复合处理对小麦幼苗的伤害程度更大.试验表明,Ca2+/CaM信使系统可能通过提高渗透调节物质和抗氧化剂含量、增强抗氧化酶活性、降低膜质过氧化水平调节小麦幼苗对渗透胁迫的适应性.     

施磷对镉胁迫下黄瓜苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响

  目的  探究石灰性土壤中施磷对镉胁迫下黄瓜苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响,为合理施用磷肥、缓解镉毒害提供依据。  方法  采用盆栽完全组合设计方案,研究了不同土壤镉添加水平（0、1、3和5 mg kg?1土）下施加不同浓度磷（0、50、100、150和200 mg P₂O₅ kg?1土）对黄瓜苗期生物量、叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响。  结果  随着施Cd量的增加,黄瓜生物量先增后降,黄瓜叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）显著降低,胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）呈上升趋势。施加适量磷（≤ 150 mg P₂O₅ kg?1）能够显著提高黄瓜生物量、Pn、Gs、Tr、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量（Car）,降低叶片中Ci。对于抗氧化酶系统来说,随着施Cd量的增加黄瓜叶片中过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量明显增加。施磷后,能够明显增强抗氧化酶系统。施Cd量为1 mg kg?1,施磷量为50和100 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时,CAT活性增加了1.9% ~ 9.6%。施Cd量为3和5 mg kg?1时,随着施磷量的增加,POD和CAT活性出现不同程度增加,与不施磷相比,POD活性分别增加了149.1% ~ 197.8%和150.4% ~ 252.0%,CAT活性分别增加了5.8% ~ 16.6%和0.55% ~ 19.4%,其中施磷量为100 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时黄瓜叶片POD和CAT活性达到最大。同时,施P能够降低叶片中MDA含量,且随着施磷量的增加而降低。  结论  在石灰性土壤中,施磷量为100和150 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时,能够明显缓解镉毒害,增强黄瓜叶片的光合作用及抗氧化酶系统,而施磷量达到200 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时则对黄瓜生长产生抑制作用。     

Effect of Exogenous Silicon on Ion Distribution of Tomato Plants Under Salt Stress

Seedlings of two tomato cultivars were exposed to 0, 50, or 100 mM sodium chlroide (NaCl) stress with or without silicon (Si) for 10 days, and leaf electrolyte leakage, root activity, plant growth, and ion sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) contents were determined. No significant differences were observed in total biomass and the root/crown ratio of salt-stressed plants treated with exogenous Si, but leaf electrolyte leakage of both cultivars treated with 50 mM NaCl and Si was lower than that in the same salt treatment without Si. Root activities of both cultivars were significantly affected by treatment with NaCl and exogenous Si. Application of Si induced a significant decrease in Na⁺ content and increases in K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents in leaves of plants treated with 50 mM NaCl, and consequently the K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios increased by at least two times. The effects of Si on the ion contents of the roots were not notable.