小反刍兽疫的研究进展

概述了小反刍兽疫的易感动物、临床症状及病原的理化特征和基因组结构，重点阐述了病毒6种结构蛋白的大小和组成、小反刍兽疫病毒的分离培养、血清学及分子生物学诊断技术，并对其传统疫苗以及新型基因工程疫苗的研制进行了详细论述，以为该病的流行病学研究、诊断和免疫防制提供参考。     

小反刍兽疫母源抗体的产生与消长规律

为分析小反刍兽疫母源抗体的产生与消长规律,对3个养殖场内14只怀孕母羊产前1个月进行小反刍兽疫疫苗免疫,采样检测分娩前母羊和所产羔羊7日龄、14日龄、21日龄的血清抗体。结果显示:小反刍兽疫抗体阴性母羊所产小羊抗体持续阴性,而抗体阳性母羊所产羔羊母源抗体有84.6%的窝产阳性率,母源抗体的半衰期在21d以上。     

小反刍兽疫活疫苗效力评价

以新疆天康畜牧生物技术股份有限公司生产的6批小反刍兽疫活疫苗为材料,对其进行最小免疫剂量、疫苗免疫期和疫苗保存期的研究。结果显示,该疫苗最小免疫剂量为103 TCID50/头份;免疫期至少为26个月,保存期为-20℃保存12个月。结果表明,该疫苗免疫原性好,对山羊和绵羊均可提供良好保护。     

吉林省某羊群暴发小反刍兽疫

2014年3月底,从吉林省某羊群发生的临床以发热、流涎、口腔黏膜严重溃疡、呼吸困难、严重腹泻和高死亡率为特征的羔羊体内检测到130¹50nm的病毒粒子,该病毒命名为GZL-14毒株。应用RT-PCR从病羊体内扩增出小反刍兽疫病毒的基因序列。序列分析发现,GZL-14毒株N蛋白基因的核苷酸序列与国外分离株INDIA_1994和PRADESH_95的同源性最高,为99.3%,而与国内分离毒株China/Tib/07的同源性为99%;GZL-14毒株F蛋白基因的核苷酸序列与Izatnagar-94和Morocco-2008毒株的同源性最高,为98.1%,而与国内分离株China/Tib/07的同源性为97.2%,表明GZL-14株可能为新近由国外传入国内的毒株。本研究应用分子生物学手段,从病毒核酸水平首次确定吉林省某羊群新近发生的临床上以发热、流涎、口腔黏膜严重溃疡、呼吸困难、严重腹泻和高死亡率为特征的疫病为小反刍兽疫。     

由麻疹思考小反刍兽疫的问题

小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是山羊、绵羊等小反刍兽类的急性接触传染性疾病,国际上将小反刍兽疫归为A类传染病.目前除非洲、中东和南亚次大陆传播外,在我国周边地区的许多国家和地区也频繁出现流行.因此,该病作为一种重大的跨国动物疫病,也在开始危害我国西藏和其他地区的动物生产和卫生安全[1-2].     

Hyperimmune serum in the control of peste des petits ruminants

Summary The value of administration of hyperimmune serum in the control of peste des petits ruminants was investigated in goats at different stages of the disease. A group of the goats was given hyperimmune serum intravenously at the fever stage of temperature of 40·5°C or above; another group showing no elevation of temperature but with other clinical signs of the disease were also given hyperimmune serum. Results indicated that hyperimmune serum was very effective in reversing the process of the disease if administered at the fever stage but not in animals that had progressed past the fever stage. The goats given the hyperimmune serum survived for 10 days before showing evidence of reinfection.

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Resumen Se investigó en cabras el valor de la administración de suero hiperinmune, en el control de la peste de peque?os rumiantes, en diferentes estadíos de la enfermedad. A un grupo se le administró suero hiperinmune vía intravenosa cuando tenían temperaturas de 40.5°C ó más; otro grupo recibió el mismo tratamiento, sin mostrar elevación de la temperatura pero con otros síntomas clínicos de la enfermedad. Los resultados indicaron, que el tratamiento con suero hiperinmune es eficaz, si se administra en el estado febril, pero nó en animales que pasan el mismo. Las cabras enfermas a las cuales se les suministró suero hiperinmune, sobrevivieron 10 días antes de mostrar evidencia de reinfección.

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Résumé La valeur de l'administration de sérum hyperimmun dans la lutte contre la peste des petits ruminants a été étudiée chez des chèvres á différents stades de la maladie. On a administré par voie intraveineuse du sérum hyperimmun à un groupe de chèvres dont la courbe de température avait atteint 40,5°C ou au dessus; un autre groupe ne présentant aucun signe de fièvre mais d'autres sympt?mes de la maladie a aussi re?u du sérum hyperimmun. Les résultats montrent que le sérum hyperimmun est très efficace pour faire régresser le cours de la maladie s'il est administré au stade de la fièvre mais il reste sans effet chez les animaux ayant dépassé ce stade. Les chèvres à qui on avait administré du sérum hyperimmun ont survécu 10 jours sans montrer de signes de réinfection.

     

Serum-virus simultaneous method of immunisation against peste des petits ruminants

Summary Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) hyperimmune serum was prepared in cattle and used to protect goats against PPR. The serum was well tolerated by goats and 8 ml of serum was found to protect goats againts 4 ml of pooled virulent PPR virus. A durable active immunity was conferred on goats when serum and virulent PPR virus were given simultaneously. Passive immunity lasted for 15 days.

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Metodo Simultaneo Suero-Virus Para La Inmunizacion Contra La Peste De Pequenos Rumiantes

Resumen Se preparó en bovinos, suero hiperinmune de peste de pegueños rumiantes, para inmunizar cabras contra la enfermedad. El suero fué bien tolerado por las cabras, aplicandose hasta 8 ml para protegerlas de 4ml de virus virulento inoculado. El resultado de la aplicación simultánea de suero hiperinmune y virus virulento, fué el de una inmunidad activa y duradera. La inmunidad pasiva tuvo una duración de 15 días.

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Immunisation Contre La Peste Des Petits Ruminants Par Inoculation Simultanee De Virus Et De Serum

Résumé Le sérum hyperimmun de la peste des petits ruminants a été préparé sur des bovins et utilisé pour protéger les chèvres contre la PPR. Le sérum a été bien toléré par les chèvres et 8 ml de sérum ont été nécessaires pour protéger des chèvres inoculées avec 4 ml d'un mélange de virus PPR pathogènes. Les chèvres ont acquis une immunité active durable quand le sérum et le virus PPR pathologène étaient administrés simultanément. La durée de l'immunité passive a été de 15 jours.

     

小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的原核表达与鉴定

根据GenBank中已发表的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)Nigeria 75/1株的H基因序列,设计上下游引物并添加BamH I酶切位点,以含有小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的Topo-PPRVH质粒为模板进行PCR扩增,扩增产物克隆于pEASY-T载体中,用BamH I单酶切后将目的片段连接到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,核酸序列分析证明.成功构建了PPRV H原核表达质粒pET-32a-H.将pET-32a-H重组质粒转化大肠杆茵 BL21(DE3)进行融合表达.经SDS-PAGE电泳,可见H蛋白获得了高效表达,融合蛋白的分子量约为87 Ku,表达产物以包涵体的形式存在,其表达量达到茵体总蛋白的38%,占包涵体蛋白的80%以上.Western blot鉴定表明,所表达的重组蛋白能被抗组氨酸单抗、抗PPRV标准阳性羊血清及抗PPRV疫苗的羊血清所识别,具有良好的免疫原性.     

我国小反刍兽疫流行情况及防控措施

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒感染小反刍兽的一种严重的急性、烈性、接触性传染病。该病是一种主要的跨国传播的动物疫病,在世界范围内呈现扩散和东移的流行趋势。2007年西藏自治区暴发了我国首例小反刍兽疫疫情,至今我国目前已有23个省市发生该疫情,严重威胁我国的动物卫生安全。文章对我国小反刍兽疫的传播趋势和流行特点进行了分析,并对我国的紧急防控措施作出评估和建议。     

An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection

Peste des petits ruminants virus was suspected to be the cause of a disease outbreak in a zoological collection at Al Ain in the Arabian Gulf. Clinically the outbreak affected gazelles (Gazellinae), ibex and sheep (Caprinae) and gemsbok (Hippotraginae); subclinical involvement of Nilgai (Tragelaphinae) was suspected. A morbillivirus was isolated and using monoclonal antibodies and biological tests in cattle, sheep and goats the virus of peste des petits ruminants was identified.     

Sero-epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Pakistan

A sero survey was conducted during 2005-2006 to estimate the sero prevalence of PPR in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. A total of 2798 samples were collected including goats (1979) and sheep (819) from villages in 27 randomly selected districts. These were tested by cELISA for PPRV and true prevalence estimates were calculated by Rogan and Gladen estimator. Overall, 1273 (45.5%) were found positive; 980 (49.5%) of 1979 samples from goats and 293 (35.8%) of 819 serum samples from sheep were positive. The true sero-prevalence of PPR was estimated to be 48.5% (95% CI, 46.6-50.3), and 52.9% (95% CI, 50.7-55.1) and 37.7 (95% CI, 34.4-41.0) for goats and sheep, respectively. PPR virus is widely distributed all across Pakistan and has become an endemic infection of small ruminants. Since it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants, it poses a serious threat to food security and the rural economy in Pakistan.     

Early changes in cytokine expression in peste des petits ruminants disease

Peste des petits ruminants is a viral disease of sheep and goats that has spread through most of Africa as well as the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Although, the spread of the disease and its economic impact has made it a focus of international concern, relatively little is known about the nature of the disease itself. We have studied the early stages of pathogenesis in goats infected with six different isolates of Peste des petits ruminants virus representing all four known lineages of the virus. No lineage-specific difference in the pathogenicity of the virus isolates was observed, although there was evidence that even small numbers of cell culture passages could affect the degree of pathogenicity of an isolate. A consistent reduction in CD4⁺ T cells was observed at 4 days post infection (dpi). Measurement of the expression of various cytokines showed elements of a classic inflammatory response but also a relatively early induction of interleukin 10, which may be contributing to the observed disease.     

Outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants in village goat flocks in Nigeria

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a major disease constraint of goat production in Nigeria. Investigation of three outbreaks in village goat populations in south-west Nigeria showed overall attack rates of 42.4%, 13.7% and 37.1% and case fatality rates of 86.9%, 41% and 63.9% respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between attack rates in different age groups in each of the outbreaks. Based on the mortalities suffered the estimated average loss per goat in each of the three outbreaks was N9.15, N1.36 and N5.84 respectively. On the assumption that a goat population is subjected to an outbreak of the disease every five years these estimates would indicate that an annual sum ranging from N1.83 per goat at the highest level of loss and N0.27 per goat at the lowest level of loss could be profitably spent in the successful prevention of the disease.     

Evidence of identification of peste des petits ruminants from goats in Egypt

Peste des petits ruminants virus was isolated from young goats in an outbreak of the disease for the first time in Egypt. Affected goats showed symptoms simulating rinderpest, disease in cattle. The mortality rate was about 30%, and morbidity reached 90%. History, clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, and diagnosis were discussed.     

The epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman

Virological and serological evidence was obtained to show that peste des petits ruminants virus was widely distributed in Omani sheep and goats. There was no evidence for the concomitant presence of rinderpest virus in these species. Two virus isolates were classified as peste des petits ruminants virus on the basis of their pathogenicity in experimental animals and their specific hybridisation with nucleic acid probes. However, neutralisation tests and polyacrylamide gel analysis of their nucleocapsid proteins showed that they were not identical to the highly conserved African strains of this virus.