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多环芳烃类有机污染物在土壤中可长期存在,进而通过食物链对人类健康产生重大潜在风险。对多环芳烃污染土壤进行植物修复是一种环境友好且经济有效的污染补救策略。进行植物根际效应机制研究对于开发可持续性多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复技术具有重要指导意义。对近年来的相关研究工作进行了总结,结果表明:多种禾本科植物具有较强的多环芳烃污染耐受性和较好的修复效能,利用多植物混植的联合修复方式表现出优于单一植物的修复优势。低分子量有机酸类根系分泌物通过与土壤中多环芳烃污染物形成反馈回路决定植物修复体系中多环芳烃的命运。修复植物根系分泌物可塑造特定的根际微生物区系,根际微生物可通过多种机制来降解土壤环境中的多环芳烃。针对在植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究过程中尚存在一些问题,提出了未来植物修复根际效应机理研究中应该关注的重点和方向,旨在为优化多环芳烃污染土壤植物修复技术提供科学依据与理论参考。 相似文献
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污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
综述了国内外污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展 ,植物修复是利用某些植物对土壤重金属的超量吸收挥发以及对土壤中有机污染物降解等特殊功能 ,并与根际微生物协同作用 ,原位修复污染土壤的方法 ,费用低 ,效果显著 ,环境友好 ,是极具发展潜力的“绿色产业”。 相似文献
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[目的]选取陇东黄土高原地区4种本地植物作为试验材料,进行了为期3个月的场地生态修复工程,旨在为该地区开展油污土壤植物场地生态修复技术提供新的植物品种和基础数据参考。[方法]采用常规方法测定了不同油污浓度胁迫下受试植物根际土壤总石油烃(TPH)降解率、降解菌数量及部分生长指标在不同油污浓度胁迫时响应情况。[结果](1)紫花苜蓿和金盏菊根际TPH降解率在轻度污染时相对较高,而重度污染时菊科植物显著高于豆科植物(p0.05);(2)油污浓度增加可显著抑制菊科植物根长以及豆科植物根际石油降解菌数量(p0.05),亦对紫花苜蓿地上部干重及金盏菊地下部干重和株高则有显著促进作用(p0.05);(3)方差分解结果显示:石油降解菌数量×TPH转移效率以及植物生长指标×石油降解菌数量的交互作用是决定两种菊科植物TPH降解率的关键因素。[结论]4种适生植物各项指标对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应方式因种而异,而两种菊科植物油污耐受性和修复效果相对较好,因此在该地区具备一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
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阐述了污染土壤植物修复技术消除污染物的吸收、积累、降解、抑制和转化作用的关键机制 ,并指出该技术存在的问题、局限性及其应用植物修复技术应注重的关键环节。研究表明植物根际对石油烃降解及抑制是这些化合物的主要损失机制 ,而金属的植物修复技术主要基于植物的稳定和积累作用。 相似文献
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多环芳烃污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复初探 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在温室盆栽条件下,通过种植紫花苜蓿单独或联合接种菌根真菌(Glomus caledonium L.)(AM)和多环芳烃专性降解菌(DB),研究了利用植物-微生物强化修复多环芳烃(PAHs)长期污染土壤的效果。试验结果表明,接种菌根真菌和PAHs专性降解菌能促进紫花苜蓿的生长和土壤中PAHs的降解。经过90天修复试验,种植紫花苜蓿接种AM、DB和DB+AM处理的PAHs的降解率分别为47.9%、49.6%、60.1%,均高于只种植紫花苜蓿的对照处理(CK)(21.7%)。另外,随着PAHs苯环数的增加,其平均降解率逐渐降低,但是接种PAHs专性降解菌能够提高4环和5环PAHs的降解率。同时也发现土壤中脱氢酶活性和PAHs降解菌数量越高的处理,土壤PAHs的降解率也越高,这也是种植紫花苜蓿接种微生物能够有效促进土壤PAHs降解的原因。 相似文献
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重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物修复研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学-植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。 相似文献
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农药污染土壤的微生物修复研究进展 总被引:45,自引:5,他引:45
本文介绍了土壤中农药污染的现状与危害,总结了土壤农药污染的微生物修复的历史背景、研究现状,重点介绍了降解农药的微生物与农药污染土壤微生物修复的研究进展,并总结了国内外微生物修复的产业化现状,对土壤农药污染微生物修复进行了预测和展望,指出了需要进一步研究的领域。 相似文献
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Aspects of phytoremediation of organic pollutants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phytoremediation is a quite novel technique to clean polluted soils using plants. In theory, phytoremediation methods are
cheap, are accepted by the public and, compared to physical or chemical approaches, are ecologically advantageous. Until today,
however, there are only a few examples of successful applications. One reason is that the processes involved are complex,
and a full clean up may require many years. Plants affect the water balance of a site, they change redox potential and pH,
and stimulate microbial activity of the soil. These indirect influences may accelerate degradation in the root zone or reduce
leaching of compounds to groundwater. Compounds taken up into plants may be metabolised, accumulated, or volatilised into
air. Based on these processes, several phytoremediation methods have been developed: Phytoextraction, rhizofiltra-tion, phytostabilisation,
rhizo and phytodegradation, pump and tree, land farming, phytovolatilisation, hydraulic control and more. Already in use are
plants (and here willow, poplar and grass) for the degradation of petroleum products, aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), chlorinated
solvents, explosives and cyanides. However, phytotoxicity and pollutant mass balances were rarely documented. Often, the success
of the projects was not controlled, and only estimates can be made about the applicability and the potential of phytoremediation.
This lack of experience about possibilities and limitations seems to be a hindrance for a broader use of these techniques. 相似文献
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硼作为一种植物必需元素,在土壤中过量存在会对植物产生毒害,硼对植物的毒害作用以及利用植物修复高硼土壤已经日益受到关注。目前,硼对不同类型植物的毒害特点,植物的耐受机制还不十分清楚。特别是对于硼污染的植物修复,其研究还处于起步阶段。本文分别从植物的表观症状、生理生化和基因水平等层次,综述了过量硼对植物的毒害,并从高耐受性、超富集能力植物筛选,以及转基因技术应用等角度回顾了硼污染的植物修复研究进展。在此基础上,提出了当前相关研究存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Phytoremediation and Modeling of Contaminated Soil using Eastern Gamagrass and Annual Ryegrass 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sung Kijune Munster C. L. Corapcioglu M. Y. Drew M. C. Park Soyoung Rhykerd R. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,159(1):175-195
The effectiveness of a warm season grass (eastern gamagrass), a cool season grass (annual ryegrass) and a rotation of warm and cool season grasses in the remediation of soil freshly contaminated with trinitrotoluene (TNT) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) was evaluated. A total of 96 columns were filled with a Weswood silt loam soil that was mixed with TNT and PBB compounds to a target concentration of 10 mg of each contaminant. Chemical losses during this two-year field lysimeter experiment were similar for all experimental treatments and at all depths. Although higher microbial biomass was found in the rhizosphere soil, enumeration of soil microorganisms revealed a robust population in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils and the microbial growth was not dependent on root exudates only. Microbial degradation rates in the freshly contaminated soil were more affected by soil properties and the chemical characteristics of the contaminant than the presence of roots. The field data collected from the lysimeter experiment was used to calibrate a recently developed phytoremediation model. The phytoremediation computer model successfully simulated TNT soil concentrations in the column lysimeters. The model may be a valuable tool for the selection and optimization of phytoremediation methods at contaminated field sites. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根对芘污染土壤修复及植物吸收的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了两种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae和 Glomus etunicatum对三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.)和辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)修复芘污染土壤的影响。供试土样中芘初始浓度为0 ~ 75.18 mg/kg。结果表明,接种AMF可促进供试植物对土壤中芘的吸收,并且显著提高三叶草根的芘含量、根系富集系数、根和茎叶的芘积累量,但对辣椒根和茎叶芘含量、根系富集系数的影响不显著,这主要与植物的菌根侵染率和“菌根依赖度”不同有关。接种AMF土壤中芘的削减率高于普通植物修复,但植物吸收积累对修复的贡献率小于0.2%;因此推测,AM作用下良好的根际环境对土壤微生物数量和活性的提高、进而对土壤中芘降解的促进可能是菌根修复的主要机理。 相似文献
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Considering extreme events of climate change and declining availability of appropriate quality water and/or highly productive soil resources for agriculture in dryland regions, the need to produce more food, forage and fibre will necessitate the effective utilization of marginal‐quality water and soil resources. Recent research and practices have demonstrated that effective utilization of these natural resources in dry areas can improve agricultural productivity per unit area and per unit water applied. This paper focuses on the following three case studies as examples: (1) low productivity soils affected by high levels of magnesium in soil solution and on the cation exchange complex; (2) degraded sandy soils under rainfed conditions characterized by low water‐holding capacity, organic matter and clay content and (3) abandoned irrigated soils with elevated levels of salts inhibiting growth of income generating crops. The results of these studies demonstrate that application of calcium‐supplying phosphogypsum to high‐magnesium soils, addition of clays to light textured degraded soils and phytoremediation of abandoned salt‐affected soils significantly improved productivity of these soils. Furthermore, under most circumstances, these interventions were economically viable, revealing that the efficient use of marginal‐quality water and soil resources has the potential to improve livelihoods amid growing populations in dry areas while reversing the natural resource degradation trend. However, considerably more investment and policy‐level interventions are needed to tackle soil degradation/remediation issues across both irrigated and dryland agricultural environments if the major challenge of producing enough food, forage and fibre is to be met. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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内生细菌强化重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
近年来,植物修复因其独特的优势备受推崇,尤其是当前植物内生细菌的应用为植物修复重金属污染土壤提供了有效的新方案.在植物修复过程中,耐重金属的内生细菌利用与植物的共生互惠关系,通过自身的抗性系统缓解重金属的毒性,促进植物对其迁移,并通过溶磷、固氮等途径改善植物营养以及分泌植物激素、铁载体、特异性酶、抗生素等作用,促进植物在逆境条件下的生长和对重金属的富集.本文综述了近年来国内外关于重金属抗性植物内生细菌促进植物生长、增强植物对重金属的抗性以及影响重金属在植物体内吸收、转运和积累的作用机制,系统分析了内生细菌促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的机理,并进一步讨论了植物内生细菌在重金属污染土壤植物修复工程中的应用前景与研究方向. 相似文献