加拿大肉牛业发展概况

改革开放以来,我国的肉牛业有了很大发展,但肉牛业仍处于初级发展阶段,伴随着经济全球化的进程,国外肉牛业的发展在给我们提供很多宝贵经验的同时,将对我国肉牛业造成强有力的冲击.     

我国肉牛业转型期对少数民族肉食品供应的潜在影响及建议

改革开放以来,随着我国农业生产机械化的进程和发展,使我国的肉牛业生产从农业动力的角色彻底的转变过来。目前我国的肉牛屠宰数量处于世界第一,但牛肉产量不足占我国屠宰量80%的美国牛肉产量的一半。我国肉牛产业虽然经历了30年的转变,但目前我国肉牛业正处于转型期的关键时期,正确分析和处理好当前我国肉牛业现状和出现的问题,是促进我国肉牛业健康发展,保障我国少数民族肉食品供应,维护民族团结、社会和谐、国家安定的措施之一。     

对我国肉牛繁育几点思考

综合分析了我国肉牛业的生产水平和繁育现状,论述了肉牛繁育体系中的母系群和父系群原建设及配套系中品种组合的选择,分析了胚胎生物技术在肉牛业中的作用和地位,提出建立以胚胎生物技术为主的肉牛繁育体系是肉牛业发展的必由之路。     

2008年我国肉牛业形势分析与展望

改革开放以来,我国肉牛业发展迅速,已逐步形成标准化、规模化的肉牛生产体系。本文针对2008年我国肉牛业在新形势下所面对的问题,通过对基础牛源建设、食品安全管理、牛肉市场环境及牛肉价格走势等环节的调查研究,深入分析了我国肉牛业目前的发展形势并对未来发展动向进行了预评,以供从业者参考。     

我国肉牛不同养殖模式成本收益的比较和研究

随着我国经济越来越发达,居民的生活水平也越来越高,对牛肉的需求量也越来越大,我国的肉牛业也由此发展迅速.由于我国的肉牛业还处于初期阶段,还有很多亟待解决的问题,这直接影响到了我国肉牛业的发展.通过一些典型地区的养殖状况及成本收益,研究不同的养殖模式之间的区别,找到成本较低而纯收益水平较高的养殖模式,由此来推动我国肉牛业的可持续发展.     

肉牛业面临的问题与运营机制探析

对我国肉牛业面临的问题进行了详细分析,并对运营机制提出了切实可行的办法,以期对我国肉牛业的发展有较好的参考。     

国际金融危机对我国肉牛产业的影响分析

近年来,我国肉牛业实现了快速增长,在促进农业产业结构调整、农民增收和改善人民膳食结构等方面发挥了重要作用。2008年以来,我国肉牛业在国际金融危机的冲击下,面临前所未有的考验。此次国际金融危机对我国肉牛业产生了哪些影响?我们又应如何应对?国家肉牛产业技术体系组织专家学者经过调研研究认为:金融危机通过影响收入预期而影响我国牛肉的消费量和进出口数量,并且使肉牛养殖效益降低,从而对我国肉牛产业的发展产生负面影响。这种影响是缓释性的、长远的。但是,鉴于我国肉牛产业的特殊模式,国内政策以及其它畜牧产业的波动对肉牛产业的影响要大于国际金融危机对肉牛产业的影响。考虑到肉牛产业"一朝受损,十年恢复"的特殊性,建议国家针对肉牛产业出台具体的长效支持政策和措施。     

宁夏固原地区肉牛养殖业面临的挑战以及未来发展趋势

肉牛业是我国重点发展的产业,对改善城乡居民膳食结构具有重要的影响,宁夏作为全国十大牧区之一,努力发展肉牛业是非常必要的,近年来,宁夏地区采取了一系列措施发展肉牛业,已经取得了一些成效,但仍然面临着一系列的问题和挑战。本文通过对宁夏固原地区肉牛养殖业面临挑战的剖析,以期为宁夏固原地区肉牛养殖业的发展提供一个正确的方向。     

肉牛标准化生产关键技术

肉牛标准化生产是现代化肉牛业建设的一项重要内容，也是现代肉牛业的发展方向，其对于提高我国肉牛业生产效率和生产水平，保障牛肉产品有效供给，提升牛肉产品质量安全水平，实现生态环境友好和谐，推进肉牛业由传统粗放型养殖方式向现代集约型养殖方式转变，以及促进肉牛业持续、健康、稳定发展中具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。近几年来，我国各地先后开展了畜禽养殖标准化示范创建、扶持“菜篮子”产品（畜产品）生产、肉牛标准化示范县建设等一系列项目和活动，有力地促进了区域性肉牛产业标准化进程。应该说，标准化是今后一定时期内我国肉牛产业的发展方向，其对于提高区域性饲草饲料资源利用率、加速肉牛品种改良、推动养殖设施设备改造升级、提升肉牛疫病防控能力、保障牛肉产品质量安全、破解粪污环境污染问题等具有积极意义。本文现将标准化肉牛生产关键技术做一总结，以供参考。     

从冀、鲁、豫肉牛业发展,看我国肉牛业发展潜力--国家"九五"重中之重课题:"肉牛规模化养殖及产业化技术研究与开发"初见成效

1 问题的提出 近年来我国肉牛业获得了较大发展,肉牛生产的各项指标提高速度很快,肉牛业在发展农村经济、提高农民收入方面发挥了重要的作用.但总的来看,我国农区肉牛业还处于比较落后的状态.一方面从科研和生产水平看,我国对肉牛各生产环节缺乏系统的研究,肉牛生产尚处于较低的水平,与发达国家相比有较大差距.据1993年联合国粮农组织统计结果,我国出栏肉牛胴体重为130kg/头,仅相当于世界平均水平(206kg/头)的63%;牛肉及其产品加工尤为落后,高档牛肉的生产几乎为空白,致使我国每年花几千万美元进口优质牛肉.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.