武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源调查

报道了武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源126种,其中食、药用菌105种、毒菌7种,隶属于2亚门9目30科61属.调查发现,该地区大型真菌种类分布于阔叶林中有74种, 针阔混交林中有39种,针叶林中有35种,灌木林中有17种.已调查的大型真菌资源中有外生菌根菌69种,木生菌32种.-     

山西省蘑菇属物种资源研究

对山西省大部分地区蘑菇属物种资源进行较为系统的采集调查工作,并对采集的物种进行标本鉴定,共获得蘑菇属真菌标本70余份,鉴定出10种,其中7种为常见种,3种为山西省新记录种,其中2种首次在华北地区发现。该研究对3个新记录种进行了详细的形态学描述,可知山西省蘑菇属物种资源具有重要的研究与开发价值。     

Predicting the distributions of plant species at the regional scale: a hierarchical matrix model

This paper describes a model which links four levels in an ecological hierarchy using a series of matrices. The four levels are landscape, land cover type, community and species. Each matrix quantifies the probabilistic associations between entities in two adjacent levels in the hierarchy. A landscape classification (1 km resolution) provides a spatial element to the model enabling the distributions of species to be predicted and presented as maps within a geographical information system (GIS). Implementation of the model in Northern England is described. The distributions of 579 species of plants were predicted and compared with data from independent field surveys. The predicted distributions were found to be accurate for 59 % of species. The distributions of rare and non-native (introduced) species of plant were relatively poorly predicted. The potential of this approach to model plant species distributions is discussed.     

北方民族大学校园园林植物配置及其应用

论述了北方民族大学校园园林植物的种类组成和在园林绿化中的应用.结果表明:该校现有园林植物63种,隶属于29科,44属;乔木、灌木和草本植物分别有40种、17种和6种,乔/灌(含草本)比为1∶0.57;常绿植物9种,落叶植物54种,分别占总数的14.3%和85.7%;乡土种36种,引进种27种,分别占总数的57.1%和42.9%.分析了校园绿化工作中存在的问题,并提出了改进建议.     

A multiscale assessment of the diversity of New Zealand’s nursery trees

Nurseries play an important role providing trees for a variety of managed environments including urban forests. The diversity of urban forests and forest restoration projects are influenced by nursery species availability, and as such, there is a need to better understand tree species diversity at nurseries. We collected tree species lists from 75 nurseries throughout New Zealand, which were used to describe species richness (alpha diversity) and to examine similarity in the composition of native and non-native species assemblages among nurseries (beta diversity) at three spatial scales: island, region, city. Together, the nurseries grew 863 species, 174 of which were native to New Zealand, from 312 genera and 130 families. Nurseries grew significantly more non-native species (μ = 63.5, σ = 60.6) than native species on average (μ = 31.7, σ = 22.7) (t = 2.99, df = 48.45, p = 0.004). Beta diversity for native and non-native tree species were only significantly different at the scale of cities or regions, not at the larger scale of islands. Few species were grown in all cities or all regions and the majority of those that were common were native species. In contrast, non-native species dominated the unique species at all spatial scales, (i.e., species uniquely grown in one city, region, or island). By quantifying tree species diversity in New Zealand’s nurseries, this research provides a basis to better understand the influence that nurseries have on urban and peri-urban tree diversity, and ultimately how that diversity impacts resilience and the provision of ecosystem services.     

白马雪山曲宗贡地区9种群落类型中的大型真菌多样性研究

以白马雪山国家级自然保护区的重要组成区域曲宗贡地区为研究区域,以植物群落学为基础,较为细致地调查了该区域内9种群落类型中大型真菌的多样性状况.研究结果显示,大型真菌多样性状况为种类最多的是急尖长苞冷杉林,有80种以上;种类最少的是高山草甸及寒温性灌丛,仅有虫草1种;其余生态系统类型从多到少依次为黄背栎群落(25种),急尖长苞冷杉、黄背栎群落(23种),大果红杉、滇藏方枝柏群落(22种),亚高山草甸及寒温性灌丛(15种),滇藏方枝柏、大果红杉针叶群落(9种),大果红杉、急尖长苞冷杉群落(6种),黄背栎、大果红杉、急尖长苞冷杉、滇藏方枝柏混交林(4种).     

Assessing the species diversity and vulnerability of urban tree populations in the London borough of Westminster

The level of tree species diversity in urban tree populations can have serious implications for urban forest resilience and has a direct impact on ecosystem functioning at the local level. Few studies have measured the relationship between tree species diversity and vulnerability in UK urban forests. This study analysed the species composition, species diversity and the vulnerability to pests and diseases of 10,149 public trees in the London borough of Westminster across three land use types: housing, parks, and highways. Tree species diversity was significantly different across these land use types (Shannon’s diversity index (H) was 2.47 for housing sites, 1.63 for parks and 0.83 for highways) and we found that higher diversity appears to result in reduced vulnerability, evidenced by negative correlations between tree species diversity and susceptibility to pests and diseases. A stronger negative correlation was found between vulnerability and species richness than between vulnerability and Gini-Simpson’s diversity index. Our study reinforces the role of biodiversity indices in establishing and monitoring baseline levels of UK urban tree diversity. Our findings may inform future tree planting projects, help to ensure that development does not negatively affect urban tree diversity and inform proactive strategies for urban trees to contribute to wider biodiversity conservation.     

中国野生葡萄寄生线虫种类的调查

 对中国野生葡萄资源的l7个种或变种，共73个株系根围寄生线虫的种类和密度进行了系统的调查与鉴定。共采集300份土样，从中鉴定出线虫计9属l9种：6种螺旋线虫，4种剑线虫，2种短体线虫，2种矮化线虫；长针线虫、针线虫、盘旋线虫、轮线虫和枪线虫各1种。线虫群体一般由2—5个属组成，其中针线虫、螺旋线虫和矮化线虫是分布较广泛的寄生线虫。同时比较了中国野生葡萄的不同种，不同株系间寄生线虫种类和密度的差异，为进一步筛选抗线虫砧木提供了依据。     

中国姜花属野生花卉资源的调查与引种研究

对我国姜花属（Hedychium）野生花卉资源的种类、分布进行了系统的调查和研究,并在广州气候条件下对其中的26个种2个变种1个变型进行了露地和夏季降温温室引种栽培。结果显示：我国野生姜花属植物有32种、2变种和1变型,共计35个分类群;部分种类在花色、香型、株高等性状上具有特异性育种资源;10个分类群野外蕴藏量大,有少数具有较高观赏价值的种蕴藏量小,处于濒危状态,亟待保护;17个分类群在广州地区露地栽培条件下成功引种;夏季高温是姜花属野生种在广州地区引种的主要限制性因子。对如何开发利用我国姜花属野生花卉资源提出了合理性建议。     

我国野生葡萄分类研究

运用P.Galet方法,对分布于我国的葡萄属植物10个种的叶片进行了研究,并对叶片的数量化性状进行了聚类分析.结果表明:(1)供试10个种的叶片形态种间差异较大.(2)利用叶片性状进行聚类分析,可将10个种分为三大类群.(3)根据叶片的多型性,毛葡萄、复叶葡萄是较为原始的种类.(4)华中地区可能是我国葡萄属植物种的起源地,也可能是世界上葡萄属植物的重要起源地之一.     

利用DNA扩增片段序列对樱桃种质资源的遗传分析

 从130个任意寡核苷酸引物中筛选出48个引物, 对8个樱桃种及2个种间杂交种的总DNA进行PCR扩增, 产生的多态性用于遗传分析。利用两种距离法进行系统发育分析, 并构建出种间及品种间亲缘关系的聚类图。结果表明, 扩增位点总数为840个; 23个甜樱桃品种及4个酸樱桃品种各自聚为一类, 多态位点数分别为569和247个, 多态位点百分率分别为67.74%和29.40%。毛樱桃、草原樱桃(变种) 与欧李聚为单一组群; 中国樱桃与寇尔特亲缘关系较近, 聚为另一单一组; 甜樱桃、酸樱桃等其他种在亲缘关系上分歧较大; 樱桃种群间的遗传距离在0.0623 ～ 0.2719之间, 并且从分子水平上可以鉴别。聚类图聚类分析结果总体上与李属分类标准相一致。除甜樱桃‘红灯’品种外, 均扩增出了1个以上的特有RAPD标记, 据此可以进行品种鉴定或杂种优良性状预选。     

新乡市园林植物规划调查研究

首先对新乡市区的植物状况进行了详细的调研，新乡市区园林植物总数为93科207属318种，其中木本植物56科129属213种，占植物总数的67％，其中常绿植物29种，占木本植物总数的13．6％，落叶植物184种，占木本植物总数的86．4％。草本植物37科78属105种，占植物总数的33％。分析新乡市园林植物的骨干树种、优质木本植物、优质草本植物和优质植物群落类型。提出了新乡市园林植物规划建议。     

扬州市公园绿地木本地被植物种类及应用调查

对扬州市公园绿地木本地被植物种类及应用进行调查与分析.结果表明:扬州公园绿地中应用的木本地被植物共计88种,其中低矮灌木54种,匍匐灌木6种,木质藤本类21种,地被竹7种.该文介绍了公园绿地木本地被植物的观赏特性及主要应用方式,并提出优化公园绿地木本植物应用的几点对策,以期为扬州城市绿地建设提供参考依据.     

兴平市区园林树种的调查分析与规划

对兴平城市园林绿化中树种应用状况进行了调研,结合城市自然地理概况以及对不同树种特性的分析,提出了适宜兴平市栽植的园林绿化树种名录,包括基调树种和骨干树种,并针对地方特色树种较少和树种品种单一等问题,提出了今后兴平市园林绿化树种规划的建议。     

内陆盐沼湿地植物多样性研究——以张掖市新墩镇流泉村为例

以新墩镇流泉村内陆盐沼湿地内的芦苇群落和长苞香蒲群落为对象,研究2个群落的植物物种及其组成特征。结果表明:芦苇群落以芦苇为优势种,以滨麦为亚优势种,2者的重要值分别为0.537、0.197;长苞香蒲群落以长苞香蒲为优势种,以芦苇为亚优势种,二者的重要值分别为0.426、0.211;植物群落的多样性指数与丰富度指数的变化趋势基本一致,与生态优势度呈相反的趋势。2个群落间变化差异不显著。     

中国草莓属( Fragaria) 植物的分类研究

 中国是世界上野生草莓种类最丰富的国家。近20年来, 从国内外收集保存了103份野生草莓资源, 鉴定出我国自然分布有11个种, 约占世界草莓属植物20个种的一半。这11个种包括8个二倍体种: 森林草莓(Fragaria vesca L. ) 、黄毛草莓( F. nilgrrensis Schlecht. ) 、五叶草莓( F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. ) 、纤细草莓( F. gracilis Lozinsk. ) 、西藏草莓( F. nubicola Lindl. ) 、绿色草莓( F. viridis Duch. ) 、裂萼草莓( F. daltoniana Gay) 、东北草莓( F. m andschurica Staudt) 和3个四倍体种: 东方草莓( F. orientalis Lozinsk. ) 、西南草莓〔F. m oupinensis ( Franch. ) Card. 〕、伞房草莓( F. corymbosa Lozinsk. ) 。对我国原产野生草莓种类进行了较系统的性状描述和分类研究, 并列出了我国野生草莓分种检索表。提出我国分布有11个种的结论比以前记载的8个种更全面和完整。     

侧耳物种多样性研究现状

资料表明,我国有29种侧耳。根据形态对侧耳分类,同物异名或异物同名的现象比较严重,对有争议的凤尾菇(Pleurotus sajor-caju)等的学名应重新鉴定。文章同时就相关的问题进行了简单的讨论。     

我国葡萄属植物孢粉学分类研究

运用电子显微镜，系统观察了分布于我国的葡萄属（Ｖｉｔｉｓ，Ｌ．）植物的１０个种的花粉形态并进行了聚类分析。结果表明：（１）葡萄属植物种间花粉形态、大小有一定差异；（２）花粉表面纹饰种间差异较大；（３）利用孢粉性状进行聚类，可将１０个种分为两大类群；（４）华中地区是我国葡萄属植物的起源地，也是世界葡萄属植物的重要起源地之一；（５）根据进化系统分析，毛葡萄、复叶葡萄是我国葡萄属植物中较为古老的类型     

齐齐哈尔市乡土树种在园林景观中的应用研究

采用抽样调查的方法研究齐齐哈尔市乡土树种在园林景观营造中的应用情况,通过现场踏勘及查阅资料,结合实际应用进行齐齐哈尔乡土树种的资源的调查分析。结果表明:齐齐哈尔市乡土树种营造的景观效果较好,但野生乡土树种在园林中应用较少,今后应加大乡土树种的开发应用力度,研究结果对齐齐哈尔市及其它城市园林绿化的乡土树种应用起指导或借鉴作用。     

Cross- and self-compatibility in various species of the genus Rosa

Summary

Self- and cross-compatibility was evaluated under field conditions in 48 taxa belonging to all sections of subgenus Rosa and subgenus Platyrhodon in the genus Rosa. Four species exhibited fruit set through self-pollination out of the 28 diploid species tested. In contrast, nine out of 12 tetraploid species, all of pentaploid species, and four out of five hexaploid species exhibited fruit set through self-pollination. Thus, it may be generally said that the self-incompatibility in the genus Rosa breaks down with polyploidization. The relationship between self-incompatibility and ploidy level is discussed.