梨星毛虫的发生与防治技术

梨星毛虫属鳞翅目,斑蛾科,又名梨叶斑蛾,俗称饺子虫、仓叶虫,除为害梨外,还可以为害苹果、桃、李、梅等果树。幼虫为害芽、花蕾、叶片。为害严重时,树冠的叶片可被幼虫全部吃光,花芽被害后,中空,变黑枯死。     

梨小食心虫的生物学特性及防治措施

正梨小食心虫(Busck)属鳞翅目卷叶蛾科,又名东方蛀果蛾、桃折梢虫,简称"梨小",是一种世界性的果树害虫,广布于亚洲、欧洲、美洲和澳洲[1-2]。梨小食心虫的寄主植物主要有梨、桃、苹果、李、梅、杏、樱桃、海棠、枣、沙果、山楂、枇杷、木瓜等多种果树[3-4],主要以幼虫蛀食果实以及果树的嫩梢[1,5-8]。尤其在桃、杏、梨     

果园天牛防治方法

正天牛可为害桃、李、梨、柑橘、板栗、葡萄、枇杷、龙眼、荔枝、枣和猕猴桃等。常见的天牛有红颈天牛、斑虎天牛、绿天牛、星天牛和褐天牛等,以幼虫蛀食果树根部及树干近地部皮层和木质部,使树势逐步瘦弱、叶片黄化、枯败、果实产量与品质下降,为害严重时,导致树体死亡。成虫咬食嫩枝叶皮层及产卵时咬破树皮造成伤口为害果树。在生产中,应及时采取综合防治方法,才能有效地防治天牛对果树造成的为害。1刺杀或钩杀幼虫     

郓城县桃潜叶蛾发生规律及绿色防控技术

桃潜叶蛾可为害桃、杏、李、樱桃、苹果、梨等果树的叶片,近年来在郓城县果园为害日渐严重。发生严重的果园,落叶达70%以上,严重影响桃的产量和质量。介绍桃潜叶蛾的发生规律、为害特点、生活习性,总结绿色防治技术,以便更好地防治桃潜叶蛾。     

兰州地区桑白介壳虫的生活史观察和防治试验

桑白介壳虫又名:桑盾介壳虫、桑介壳虫、桃介壳虫;兰州叫白蛇螃子。属同翅目介壳虫科,学名Pseudaulacaspis Peneagona Targ。 桑白介壳虫主要为害桃,在我国分布很广。其次为害、杏、李、梅、梨、苹果、樱桃、柿、等果树,也为害桑、梧桐、白杨等树木。     

防治黑蚱蝉九法

黑蚱蝉又名知子、黑蚱、蚱蝉等.该虫除为害柑桔外,还为害苹果、梨、桃、李、樱桃、龙眼、荔枝、山楂和杨、柳、榆、桑以及棉花等果树、林木或作物,其中以柑桔受害最重,近10年来为害似有愈加严重之势.     

蚱蝉为害苹果幼树严重

蚱蝉为害苹果幼树严重蚱蝉Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｔｙｍｐａｎａａｔｒａｔａ（Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ）除雄虫鸣叫，在炎热的夏季干扰人们的正常休息外，最重要的是此虫为害各种林木和棉花。过去报道主要以若虫通过刺吸植物根部汁液而为害苹果、桃、李、梨、樱桃、葡萄、板栗等果树及...     

梨网蝽的发生特点及防治

梨网蝽Stoephanitis nashi Esaki et Takeya属半翅目．网蝽科,又名梨军配虫、花扁虫,花编椿。除为害梨外,还可以为害桃、李、杏、花红等果树。成虫和若虫群栖于寄主植物的叶背吸取汁液．被害叶表面呈现苍白色斑点．背面遍布斑斑点点的褐色液体排泄物．使叶背呈锈黄色或黑褐色．受害严重时．叶面一片苍白,引起叶片早期脱落,严重影响树势。     

梨小食心虫生物学特性的初步观察

梨小食心虫在我省SO～60年代大面积种植晚熟梨树品种时,发生为害较重。7O年代后调整梨树品种的结构,早、中熟品种比例扩大,晚熟品种缩小,梨小食心虫的发生为害也逐渐减轻。自从SO年代末至gO年代末我省梨、桃、李、搞李、布朗李等果树品种种植面积迅速扩大,奇主桥梁作物多,十分有利于梨小食心虫的繁殖为害,很快上升为主要害虫。为有效地指导梨小食心虫的防治,我们从1997年开始对该虫的生物学特性等进行了研究,现将结果整理如下。1分布与为害1．1分布：梨小食心虫在江西各县、市均有分布,在海拔120OM处也有发生。1．2为害：该虫…     

梨小食心虫高效性诱剂使用方法

<正>梨小食心虫[Grapholitha molesta(Busck)]简称梨小。在我国东北、华北、华东、西北各桃、梨产区普遍发生;在桃、梨混栽的果园发生尤为严重。该虫为害对象包括桃、苹果、李、杏、海棠、樱桃、杨梅等的     

Systems of designation of pathotypes of plant pathogens12

A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results.     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。