Numerical simulation of hydrogen air combustion in meso scale IC engine

The burning rate of hydrogen air pre mixture on meso scale is mainly determined by its chemical reaction rate. So a Laminar Finite Rate Model, the gas phase reaction mechanism for the combustion of hydrogen air mixture which consists of 19 reversible elementary reactions and the dynamic mesh method are adopted to simulate the combustion of hydrogen air mixture in a meso scale IC engine which operates a quasi gas power cycle under ultrahigh combustion load. The combustion of hydrogen air mixture on meso scale in the micro combustion chamber with moving boundary can be stable. The complete thermodynamic process of heat addition, internal energy increasing, and a boundary work output producing during expansion can be perfectly achieved in the closed combustion system of the meso scaled IC engine igniting the hydrogen air mixture by wire surface of high temperature. However, running parameters such as cycle period, initial pressure and fuel/air ratio have complex effects on the hydrogen air combustion of micro closed container with moving boundary.     

Dynamic Lubrication of Micro Gas Bearings at an Ultra High Speed

Micro bearings of Power MEMS are usually designed to work at an ultra high speed more than 10~(6) r/min in order to improve their specific energy. So the dynamic lubrication of micro gas bearings at an ultra speed is researched. First the micro structural characteristics of micro gas-lubricated bearings are investigated, and a method to caculate the load-carrying performance of micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings is put forword. Then the designs of two typical micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings that are used in micro gas turbines are vertified. Moreover, the parameters affecting the load-carrying performance of micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings are analysed.     

运行参数对微型内燃机微燃烧特性影响机理分析

微型内燃机微燃烧过程对当量比和转速变化非常敏感,采用层流有限速率模型和甲醇氧化反应机理对其预混层流微燃烧过程开展仿真研究,探讨当量比和转速对微燃烧特性的影响规律及临界运行参数。在此基础上,提出采用热着火理论和化学反应动力学理论探索当量比对微燃烧特性的影响机理。结果表明仿真与实验比较吻合。当量比从0.6增加到1.1时,燃烧速率增加,压力和温度增加,压力最高值增加约1.5E+6 Pa,温度最大值增加约1 300 K,此后随当量比增加,燃烧速率减小,压力和温度减小。研究还进一步揭示了当量比影响微燃烧特性的机理: 稀燃区当量比主要通过温度变化来影响微燃烧特性,随当量比增加,燃料浓度增加,燃烧释放的总热量增加,所以温度和压力增加,燃烧速率增加;浓燃区当量比主要通过氧气量变化来影响微燃烧特性,当量比越大,氧气量越不足,基元反应速率越小,所以燃烧速率越小,温度和压力越低。转速越高,燃烧时间越短,燃烧越不充分,所以温度、压力越低。受微燃烧相对热损大、驻留时间短的特征影响,微型发动机实现完全燃烧的运行区域较窄,其实现完全燃烧的稀燃极限约0.9,最高转速约6 000 r/min。这在设计微型内燃机时值得关注。     

Influence of high speed rotating cathode on the precision of micro-electrochemical drilling hole

The metal parts with small holes are widely used in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. micro-electro chemical machining (micro-ECM) provides a viable alternative for drilling micro/small holes on metal parts with acceptable quality. This paper discusses the phenomenon of gas film formation of a certain insulation effects on the cathode, because of the cathode high speed rotating. Effects of several process factors, such as the cathode rotating speed on the radial of overcut, value of surface roughness and stray corrosion are investigated. The results show possibilities of improving the machining accuracy by utilizing cathode higher speed rotating.     

Analysis and Research on VVT System Control Strategy for Motorcycle Engine

An original variable valve timing mechanism with two-mode intake timing parameters is developed according to the structural characteristics of small-medium displacement motorcycle engine. Based on cycle simulation, a cycle simulation model of VVT mechanism for motorcycle engine is created. The control strategy of variable valve timing and lifting running-model are carried out at idle speed low negative load, middle negative load, low speed high negative load and high speed high negative load. It has been proved that the performance of JH125 motorcycle engine can be effectively improved by loading the new type VVT system.     

Externally Pressurized Gas Journal Bearings in Power MEMS of Quasi Gas Power Cycle

An original thermodynamic idea for Power MEMS, which is called as quasi gas power cycle, is proposed to further intensify energy density and simplify structure of Power MEMS. Because gas supply with preset high pressure is set up in the Power MEMS engine of quasi gas power cycle, it is convenient for the Power MEMS engine to employ externally pressurized gas bearings to improve the performance of its bearings. Therefore mal design philosophy and structural type of the hyrostatic journal bearing as well as the hyrostatic thrust bearing in the Power MEMS engine are investigated, considering the limiting factor on meso scale. Then the structural and operational parameters are analyzed, and the optimal designs of typical externally pressurized gas bearings are put forward. Moreover the feasibility of the externally pressurized gas bearings applied to the Power MEMS engine is further verified by the calculation of load-carrying capacity of the hyrostatic gas bearings.     

Numerical simulation on low calorific value coal-bed gascombustor and structural design optimization

This paper conducts the full size three-dimensional combustion numerical simulation study on the low-calorific value coal bed gas combustor. It explors the effects of different ratios of swirling wind and straight wind on flow field,temperature field and concentration field when this combustor combusts coal bed gas which methane volume concentration is 30 percent. The optimal ratio of swirling wind and straight wind is gained. Based on this,the number and obliquity of cyclone vane in gas pipeline are further optimized. The results show that when ratio of straight wind is 80 percent and ratio of swirling wind is 20 percent,the good jet flow rigidity is not only possessed,but also the strong spin momentum is brought. Reverse axial velocity grads and reverse velocity in central backflow region are also big,the burning temperature and combustion efficiency are high,and high-temperature region is diffusely distributed. When the number and obliquity of cyclone vane are respective 6 and 60,the mass fraction of methane descends quickly,the mass fraction of methane is low in outlet of combustion region,and the combustion efficiency is high.     

Influence numerical analysis of combustion chamber thermal boundary conditions on unsteady combustion characteristics in micro ICE

To research the influence of combustion chamber thermal boundary conditions on micro combustion characteristics in micro ICE, the laminar flow finite rate model is adopted to simulate the micro combustion process. Firstly, the influence of grid scale, the time step length and the maximum iterations per time step on accuracy of simulation results are explored. The results show that simulation results agree well with experimental results. And then, the influences of heat transfer coefficient, wall thickness and material on combustion characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that heat transfer coefficient has obvious influence on combustion characteristics. The pressure rise rate decreases, the ignition delays and the highest pressure value drops 2 atmospheres as heat transfer coefficient increases from 0 to 55 W/(m 2·K). The wall thickness and material have a little effect on combustion characteristics. This is because that the main heat transfer resistance in the heat flow path from cylinder to external environment lies between the outer wall and environment.     

Experimental Study on Enhancing Dynamic Performance of NGV Engine by Using Oxygen-rich Air

NGV engine adopts the fuel supply method of premixing natural gas and air in the premixing chamber out of cylinder, which results in the engine dynamic performances decline. It is an obstacle to popularizing and applying NGV. Using air rich in oxygen to support combustion can decrease ignition point of the fuel, enhance combustion efficiency and make much more heat available. The dynamic perfonnances and fuel consumption rate of a NGV engine with different oxygen concentration are researched in detail. The results show that the increase of oxygen concentration has remarkable influence on the dynamic performances of NGV engine. Power and Torque performances increase and fuel consumption rate decreases when oxygen concentration of premixed gas increases. The results of theory analysis and experiment research indicate that combustion-supporting using oxygen-rich air can enhance the dynamic performances of NGV engine.     

Numerical study on the characteristics of HCCIcombustion process of primary reference fuels

The combustion process of HCCI engine fueled by primary reference fuels is simulated using the CHEMKIN software, and the results are compared with a combustion experiment of a HCCI engine. The cluthors study the influence of various factors, including fuel composition, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure, on HCCI engine fueled with PRF. The results indicate that the ignition delay increases along with the increase of the octane number. The initial temperature, initial pressure, compression ratio, equivalence ratio have significant effects on the ignition timing. The operating range of the combustion on HCCI engine is limited.     

Strengthening of Emission Controlling for Small and Medium Sized Motorcycle Engine

It is very difficult for small and medium sized motorcycle engine to use the combination of closed-loop control electronic fuel injection system and three-way catalytic converter for emission controlling due to the high cost. In order to strengthen emission controlling of the carburetor motorcycle engines, the metering characteristics of carburetor are adjusted, combustion chamber as well as intake and exhaust ducts are further optimized, and secondary air injection system and oxidation type catalytic converter are developed, and moreover a simplified positive crankcase ventilator is employed to eliminate the gas blowby from crankcase. It is verified by test cycle testing that pollutant emissions of the carburetor motorcycle engines can be effectively controlled within the emissions limits by taking the above technical approaches.     

Analysis on the Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Using Neural Network Controller

It is very difficult to build the accurate mathematical model of the wind turbine generator system because of the uncertainty of air kinetics and the complexity of power electronics, especially when the wind speed changes abruptly or there is a disturbance. But the classical control needs the model. Using neural network controller to the wind turbine generator system can overcome these difficulties. The wind speed can be followed and the maximum power can be obtained under low wind speed by using the power coefficient curve BP neural network and the optimum pitch angle BP neural network. The maximum power can be kept and under the allowed range in the condition of high wind speed. The simulation model and result are given under the environment of MATLAB. The fluctuation of wind speed can be controlled and the disturbance can be cancelled by BP neural network controller.     

Experimental analysis of the abrasive belt follow-up grinding of Zirconium-4 alloys tubes and pipes

Abrasive belt grinding experiments of Zr-4 nuclear power tube are carried out by using three different abrasive belts with same size, and the interactive generating mechanism between abrasive and workpiece is analyzed, the main factors of material removal rate and surface roughness of Zr-4 alloys are obtained. With the help of the advanced test facilities, the abrasive grain abrasion and surface topography of the workpiece are observed. The metallographic structure and microhardness of the layer of burnt surface during Zr-4 alloys Grinding are analyzed. Some conclusions are given as follows: the material removal rate and surface roughness are mainly affected by the factors of belt speed, grinding pressure, hardness of the contact wheel and abrasive type, of which, the belt speed is the strongest factor. The adhesion wear of the Zirconium corundum and aluminium oxide abrasive grit is more serious, the most important wear form of silicon carbide is abrasion wear. With the onset of grinding burn, the mechanical properties of Zr-4 alloys are deteriorated obviously. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of Zr-4 alloys with efficiency and high quality.     

Dynamic Characteristic of Micromachined Arrayed Microphone

Several kinds of microphone developed via silicon Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) processes in recent years are investigated in this paper. The analysis and research of the merits and demerits of them show that: these conventional microphones mainly function as acoustic electric converters; the filtering against noise is implemented by a special filter circuit or a digital filter. Therefore, a design method for silicon micro array filter microphone is presented, where the filtering is achieved while converting signals. The effects of damping, silicon reed number and sensor element pair on dynamic characteristic are discussed; it follows that: Increasing damping can reduce microphone's sensitivity, while increasing silicon reed number can improve the sensitivity curve, furthermore, the implementation of the filter function is simultaneous with acquiring of the noise signal.     

Influence of oygen-enriched combustion technology on overall performance of 220 t/h gas boiler

A 220 t/h gas boiler of some steel group is taken as the study objectand the idea of oxygen-enriched stable combustion is proposed and proved to be feasible with the furnace heat transfer model in order to make reasonable use of existing resources and improve the combustion stability of gas boiler in low load operation.Detailed analysis has been made about the effects of oxygen-enriched combustion on the flu gas temperaturecombustion stability boiler thermal efficiency and so on.The results show that the oxygen-enriched combustion technology can greatly improve the overall performance of the boiler.     

Dynamics Simulation of ISG-HEV Engine During Starting

The behavior of engine automatic starting and stop under idle speed is an important working model for HEV(hybrid electric vehicle), which can avoid engine running under idle speed. So it can reduce engine fuel consumption, exhaust gas emission and wear efficiently. The ISG(integral starter/generator) motor control strategy is given by dynamic research of the HEV engine starting, based on the model and simulation of resistant characters during engine starting, then an ISG motor-engine integral control model is built up and simulated. The result shows that the ISG motor can drive engine quickly and the simulation meets well with the need of starting time.     

Carbonyl Emission Influenced by Combustion Process of Diesel Engine

The bench test of diesel engine is conducted fueled with biodiesel, diesel and blending fuel, the changes of cylinder pressure with crank angle is also measured, combined with the measurement results of carbonyl emissions, the theoretical relationship between combustion process and carbonyl formation is analyzed. The results show that, combustion intermediates such as C7, C5, CO and C2H2 are produced in the fuel oxidation process during the premixed combustion phase. The diffusion combustion period extend with the increase of load, and it is the main stage of re-oxidation and decomposition for the intermediate products, the cylinder temperature and pressure increase with the increase of load, while the ignition delay period is shortened, the probability of oxidation and conversion for carbonyl pollutants improve because of the extended residence time in the high-temperature and high pressure region, the high exhaust temperature in high load is conducive to the re-oxidation of carbonyl emissions.     

CVT刚性联接发动机曲轴轴系结构的扭振分析

因非道路车辆的特殊结构和成本限制,提出四缸柴油发动机中采用CVT刚性联接曲轴轴系结构。阐述了该新型结构的特征和工作原理,建立了四缸柴油发动机离合式曲轴计算模型和CVT刚性联接曲轴计算模型。通过曲轴前端实验,证明了所建模型和模型参数确定方法的正确性。求解所有计算模型,并对结果进行对比分析。结果表明,CVT刚性联接使曲轴轴系振动波动加大,减振器耗散能增加,各阶共振峰值对应转速低减。对曲轴各拐剪切应力幅度的影响不大,但有高转速工况降低而中低转速剪切应力幅值增加的普遍趋势,CVT端的扭振振幅和剪切应力较大些。综合研究得出结论：非道路车辆低速四缸柴油发动机可以采纳CVT刚性联接曲轴轴系结构。     

Identification of combustion noise and mechanical noise in internal combustion engine

To identify internal combustion engine (IC engine) noise, a mathematical model is established, and the corresponding program is developed. By introducing global thresholds to decrease noise in the wavelet transforms program, the anti-interference of the program can be guaranteed, the spectrums of the combustion noise and mechanical noise are separated, and their A-weighted sound power levels are figured out. Taking a CG125 style motorcycle engine for an example, theoretical examples that include different interferential noises are constructed to simulate the identification and to validate the accuracy and practicability of the program. Results of the identification show that the spectrums of the combustion noise and mechanical noise before and after separation are agreed well; errors of A-weighted sound power level are all less than 0.6 dB.     

包装方式对郎枣和梨枣失重及贮藏效果的影响

以郎枣和梨枣为试材,对打孔膜、针孔膜、硅窗袋和微孔膜4种不同包装方式下枣果的失重及保鲜效果进行了研究.结果表明,塑料薄膜厚度、通气面积、通气孔数量是影响枣果失重的主要因素.在相同条件下,包装材料的厚度与枣果失重成反比,在4种包装方式中硅窗袋包装枣果的失重率最小,其次为微孔膜包装,打孔膜和针孔膜包装失重相对较大.硅窗袋和微孔膜包装袋内CO2含量较高,好果率也较高,两种包装方式是枣果贮藏比较适宜的包装方式.