银翘药对提取液的抗炎作用研究

目的:考察银翘药对的抗炎作用。方法:采用二甲苯致小白鼠耳廓肿胀非特异性炎症模型,分别研究了金银花提取液、连翘提取液、二者合并液及混煎提取液的抗炎作用。结果:4种提取液在高剂量时与对照组比较差异显著,对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显的抑制作用(P0.01);4种提取液组间比较,混煎液在高剂量和中剂量时与金银花提取液比较呈现差异极显著和显著作用,在高剂量与连翘提取液呈现差异显著,合并液在高剂量时与金银花提取液呈现差异极显著。结论:混煎提取液的抗炎作用最强,合并液抗炎作用较强,金银花提取液抗炎作用不明显。     

番石榴叶提取物体外抑菌和抗氧化作用的研究

为了研究番石榴叶提取物的体外抑菌和抗氧化作用,试验采用试管倍比稀释法测定番石榴叶提取物对猪大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,采用总抗氧化检测试剂盒和紫外-可见分光光度法分别测定番石榴叶提取物的抗氧化效果及其总黄酮和总酚的含量。结果表明:番石榴叶不同极性提取物对猪大肠杆菌的抑菌效果差异不明显,番石榴叶石油醚提取物对猪金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果较好(0.195 mg/mL);总抗氧化活性由大到小依次是番石榴叶正丁醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和石油醚提取物。番石榴叶正丁醇提取物总酚含量最高,为215.55 mg/g;番石榴叶乙酸乙酯提取物总黄酮含量最高,为42.59 mg/g。说明番石榴叶提取物具有抑菌作用,提取物中总酚含量越高其抗氧化效果越好。     

番石榴提取液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为了更好的了解番石榴的药用价值,对番石榴采用水提取法进行提取,并将提取液作用于健康小鼠。通过检测小鼠胸腺重量、脾脏重量、胸腔吞噬细胞吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞转化率和血清血溶素含量,得到胸腺、脾脏指数、吞噬指数,吞噬率分别是5.934、7.692、20.419、29.194,与对照组做比较差异极显著;T淋巴细胞转化率、血清溶血素抗体积数分别是60.37、108.37,与对照组做比较差异显著,表明番石榴提取液具有提高小鼠免疫能力的作用。     

提取方法对蒲公英、连翘和金银花复方抗炎作用的影响

研究提取方法对蒲公英、连翘和金银花复方抗炎作用的影响。采用醋酸致小鼠腹腔通透性改变、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和棉球肉芽肿3种炎症病理模型,分别考察中药复方分煎液与合煎液对炎症模型小鼠的抗炎效果。结果表明,蒲公英、连翘和金银花复方对小鼠急、慢性炎症具有显著的抑制作用(P0.01),高剂量和中剂量的中药复方分煎液对醋酸致小鼠腹腔通透性增加的抑制率显著高于中药复方合煎液同等剂量组(P0.05或P0.01),中药复方分煎液对小鼠棉球肉芽肿的抑制率显著高于中药复方合煎液同等剂量组(P0.05或P0.01),中药复方分煎液对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制率与中药复方合煎液同等剂量组差异不显著(P0.05)。提示蒲公英、连翘和金银花复方的分煎提取液抗炎效果优于合煎提取液。     

金银花不同器官提取液抗鸡新城疫病毒效果研究

为了研究金银花不同器官(花、叶、茎)提取物的抗鸡新城疫病毒效果,试验制备了金银花不同器官提取液,在给SPF鸡胚接种鸡新城疫病毒前、接种后、接种同时接种金银花不同器官提取液,收取鸡胚尿囊液测定其血凝效价。结果表明:在3种不同的加药方式中,金银花不同器官提取液均能有效降低新城疫病毒感染鸡胚尿囊液的血凝效价,且作用效果与提取液浓度呈正相关。金银花不同器官提取液的抑制效果为:花茎叶。说明金银花不同器官的提取液均能够抑制新城疫病毒在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖,其抑制效果与金银花的不同器官提取液加药方式和浓度有关。     

番石榴叶药用研究现状

基于国内外有关文献和笔者的研究结果,对番石榴叶药用成分的提取方法,已鉴定的组成成分以及提取物的药理作用进行了全面的总结.     

番石榴叶止泻机制的初步研究

用80%酒精提取番石榴叶中的有效成分, 观察提取物对细菌和离体小肠的作用。结果表明: 提取物能抑制大肠杆菌等6种病原菌生长; 降低家兔十二指肠、空肠、回肠等三肠段收缩张力。     

不同提取方法下金银花木犀草苷含量比较研究

探讨水提法和70%乙醇提取方法对金银花提取物中木犀草苷含量的影响。分别采用水回流法和70%乙醇超声法提取金银花中的木犀草苷,用高压液相色谱仪对两种提取液中的木犀草苷含量进行测定,结果水回流法提取的木犀草苷含量为0.01%,70%乙醇超声法提取的木犀草苷含量为0.061%,70%乙醇超声法提取的木犀草苷含量为水提法的6.1倍。     

番石榴叶药用研究现状

基于国内外有关文献和笔者的研究结果，对番石榴叶药用成分的提取方法，已鉴定的组成成分以及提取物的药理作用进行了全面的总结．     

中药金银花提取物抗炎作用研究

为研究金银花提取物对大鼠急性炎症的抗炎作用,了解金银花的抗炎免疫作用,本试验采用鸡蛋清致大白鼠足跖肿胀急性炎症模型,分别采用腹腔注射法和外敷法观察金银花提取物对炎症反应的抑制作用。腹腔注射法以5%地塞米松作为阳性对照;外敷法以皮炎平为阳性对照;均以生理盐水作为阴性对照。结果表明,金银花提取物对蛋清引起的局部急性炎症有明显的抑制作用。为金银花的开发和临床应用提供了试验依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.