11个园林绿化树种根系对SO2胁迫的反应特性

用开顶式熏气装置对11种2年生园林绿化苗木进行3种不同浓度的SO2胁迫,并对其根系TTC还原力和根系吸收面积进行了测定,研究了参试树种根系对SO2胁迫的反应。结果表明:在SO2胁迫条件下,大多数树种的根系TTC还原力、根系体积、根系活跃吸收面积、比吸收面积和根系活跃比表面积等指标均出现下降趋势,下降幅度因树种和SO2浓度不同而有较大差异;树种的抗污指数分别与根系TTC还原力、比吸收面积、根系活跃比表面积存在显著正相关关系。     

大气SO2和NO2污染及植物的抗性和净化能力研究进展

SO2和NO2为我国大气污染主要污染物,城市森林对SO2和NO2具有一定的抵抗能力和吸收净化能力,利用城市森林对大气污染进行修复具有良好的应用前景.文章概述了我国SO2和NO2气体污染的状况,总结了污染物进入植物体的过程及其损伤机理,并从植物抗性和吸附净化能力两方面总结了城市景观树种与SO2和NO2气体污染的关系研究,并基于研究结论提出今后研究可能发展方向,如SO2、NO2与悬浮颗粒物等复合污染对城市树种生长的影响、树种抗性和吸附能力综合研究等.     

11种园林绿化苗木的SO2急性伤害症状及其抗性分级

用自己设计的开顶式熏气装置对11种园林绿化苗木进行3种不同浓度的SO2熏气试验,然后对其受害后的症状进行了详细观察和总结,并根据树种的症状表现对其抗SO2能力的大小进行了排序。     

盐碱胁迫对牛叠肚幼苗渗透调节物质及叶绿素含量的影响

为了探讨牛叠肚幼苗对盐碱胁迫的生理适应性,以盆栽牛叠肚组培苗为试材,就不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3和Na2CO3胁迫处理对其叶片中的叶绿素含量和部分有机渗透调节物质的影响进行了试验。结果表明:在中性盐(NaCl、Na2SO4)和碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)的胁迫处理下,牛叠肚叶片叶绿素的合成中均出现了"低促高抑"的现象,而游离脯氨酸的积累对叶绿素的合成并未起到直接作用。在单价盐碱(NaCl、NaHCO3)的胁迫处理下,牛叠肚幼苗主要通过可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的交替积累来发挥其渗透调节功能;在二价盐碱(Na2CO3、Na2SO4)的胁迫处理下,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的积累趋势各异,其中,在Na2CO3胁迫条件下三者同步积累,共同发挥其渗透调节功能,而在Na2SO4的胁迫处理下,牛叠肚幼苗主要通过可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的彼此协同作用来降低盐碱伤害,并且二者的积累有利于叶绿素的合成。     

水分胁迫下抗旱剂对南方6种林木幼苗光合作用的影响

采用PEG渗透胁迫处理，测定了6种针阔叶树幼苗在胁迫下光合速率的变化，并对乙醇胺的抗旱效果进行了比较。结果表明：在相同胁迫强度和时间下，各树种的光合速率顺序为：银杏＞苦楝＞刺槐；马尾松＞火炬松＞水杉。0．2％的乙醇胺处理均能明显提高胁迫下各树种的光合速率，其中尤以对刺槐，水杉效果最为突出。     

7种乔木对SO_2清除能力的定量评价

本文采用基于ArcView软件的CITYgreen模型,以东北林业大学哈尔滨实验林场为例,结合航片判读与实地调查,对哈尔滨市7种主要乔木树种对SO2的清除能力进行了定量评价。结果表明：糖械对SO2的清除能力最强。其次是白桦。最弱的落叶阔叶树种为水曲柳。针叶树种对SO2的清除能力普遍低于阔叶树种。随着树木的生长其清除能力有逐步增强的趋势,其清除量增加的强度在生长旺期最大,以后其强度逐渐渐弱。     

火炬树种子催芽技术研究

分别用90℃开水、1%碱水、1%洗衣粉水、浓H2SO4等对火炬树种子进行催芽处理实验。结果表明:90℃开水烫种与浓H2SO4浸种5min两种处理方法对火炬树种子发芽有明显的促进作用。     

4种盐胁迫对黑种草种子萌发的影响

为探讨盐胁迫对黑种草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,用不同浓度的NaCl,Na2SO4,MgCl2单盐溶液和质量比NaCl∶Na2SO4=2∶1的复合盐溶液处理黑种草种子,观测不同处理下黑种草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、盐害指数,以及幼苗叶面积、胚根长度和胚芽长度的变化。结果表明:盐溶液处理均对黑种草种子的萌发有显著抑制作用;浓度为1.50%的盐胁迫均能导致种子活力丧失;胚芽和叶片比胚根对盐胁迫更敏感。     

哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究（2）

文章以哈尔滨市49种主要绿化树种为研究点,从杀菌能力、滞尘能力、吸收SO2等方面研究了它们的生态功能,通过研究,得出了在杀菌能力、单位叶面积滞尘量和吸收SO2能力三方面分别排名为前5位的乔水树种和灌木树种。     

NO_2胁迫对园林植物生长影响的研究进展

重点综述NO_2胁迫对植物生长发育、生理生化的影响以及伤害机理的研究;简要综述近年来NO_2胁迫对植物生长响应机理的研究方法,对目前已筛选出的抗NO_2胁迫的树种进行分析和总结,以期为污染区园林绿化品种的引种提供一定的理论依据。     

北京市9种常见绿化树种吸收积累SO_2能力研究

[目的]探究北京市9种常见绿化树种吸收积累SO_2能力,择优筛选净化大气理想树种,为未来北京城区绿化结构调整提供科学依据。[方法]采用BaSO_4比浊法测定北京市9种常见绿化树种在不同污染条件下叶片硫含量,通过计算相对吸硫量并利用平均污染指数法评价其对SO_2的吸收净化能力,比较相互间差异性,筛选出吸收净化SO_2能力强的树种。[结果]表明:(1)不同污染条件下,同种绿化树种叶片硫含量及相对吸硫量普遍存在显著性差异,随着环境污染水平的增强,叶片硫含量和相对吸硫量呈现逐渐增高的趋势;(2)相同污染条件下,不同绿化树种吸收净化SO_2能力普遍存在显著性差异,表现为旱柳吸收能力极强,其平均相对吸硫量2.38 mg·g~(-1),平均污染指数为2.23;国槐吸收能力强,其平均相对吸硫量1.18 mg·g~(-1),平均污染指数为2.09;臭椿、黄栌、毛白杨、色木槭吸收能力中等;榆树、侧柏、油松吸收能力相对较弱。[结论]不同污染环境条件下,同种绿化树种叶片硫含量和相对吸硫量均呈现出随着环境污染水平逐渐的增强而逐渐升高的趋势;而在相同污染环境条件下,不同绿化树种叶片硫含量和相对吸硫量均存在显著性差异。旱柳和国槐可以作为北京市城市绿化用以净化SO_2的理想树种。     

银川市几种常见绿化树种净化SO_2潜力比较

比较银川市9种绿化树种SO2净化潜力de1结果表明,各绿化树种随着月份变化SO2净化潜力不同。其中,梓树、河北杨、白蜡、垂柳、悬铃木均从6月份开始上升,到8月份开始下降,9月份后又有所上升;国槐、丝棉木、金叶榆、龙爪槐则一直表现为先缓慢上升然后又缓慢下降的趋势。各绿化树种在同一时间的SO2净化潜力也不相同。其中,净化潜力最强的是国槐,最大净化值为8.620kg/株;其他树种的净化潜力依次为梓树、河北杨、白蜡、垂柳、悬铃木、金叶榆、龙爪槐、丝棉木。     

不同类型城市绿地空气质量研究

为合理规划城市绿地,有益于人们户外活动,研究了不同类型城市绿地空气负离子浓度的日变化,不同类型城市绿地空气负离子浓度、温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、噪声的差异。结果表明:空气负离子浓度日变化均较明显,不同类型绿地空气负离子浓度、温度、湿度存在显著差异,生物群落越丰富、树龄越大、植被郁闭度越高则空气负离子浓度、湿度越高,温度越低;由枝叶茂盛的高大乔木组成的林地,其空气负离子水平和空气质量较好。空气可吸入颗粒物、氮氧化物、二氧化硫及噪声污染与植被有一定的相关性,相关关系不显著。       

Ecosystem-scale biosphere-atmosphere interactions of a hemiboreal mixed forest stand at Järvselja, Estonia

During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major ecosystem fluxes in a hemiboreal forest ecosystem in Järvselja, Estonia. The main aim of this study was to separate the ecosystem flux components and gain insight into the performance of a multi-species multi-layered tree stand. Carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes were measured using the eddy covariance method above and below the canopy in conjunction with the microclimate. Leaf and soil contributions were quantified separately by cuvette and chamber measurements, including fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (isoprene and monoterpenes). The latter have been as well characterized for monoterpenes in detail. Based on measured atmospheric trace gas concentrations, the flux tower site can be characterized as remote and rural with low anthropogenic disturbances.Our results presented here encourage future experimental efforts to be directed towards year round integrated biosphere-atmosphere measurements and development of process-oriented models of forest-atmosphere exchange taking the special case of a multi-layered and multi-species tree stand into account. As climate change likely leads to spatial extension of hemiboreal forest ecosystems a deep understanding of the processes and interactions therein is needed to foster management and mitigation strategies.     

石油天然气行业SO2总量控制思考

指出了石油天然气行业是国家在“十二五”期间SO2减排的重点控制行业,调查了我国石油天然气的生产和消费情况,以“十一五”前3年为基础,对行业“十二五”SO2排放进行了预测。分析了行业SO2减排的技术经济可行性,提出了行业SO2减排的主要控制途径和新增总量的控制措施。     

重庆主城区主要行道植物硫氮水平的初步研究

分析了重庆主城区主要10种绿色植物叶片的硫、氮含量,比较灌木与乔木两种植物类型含硫量,发现大部分乔木的含硫量高于灌木。刺桐、黄桷树、夹竹桃的含硫量明显高于其他植物,刺桐的最高含硫量可达3.22g·kg-1。刺桐、麦冬的含氮量明显高于杜鹃、海桐、黄桷树、小叶榕、山茶、蚊母,刺桐的最高含氮量为30.5g·kg-1。       

Influences of moisture content on the catalysis of sulfur dioxide and attainable properties in a vapor-phase treatment of wood with formaldehyde

Influences of moisture content on the catalysis of sulfur dioxide and physical properties of reaction products were examined for a vapor-phase treatment of spruce wood with formaldehyde. The reaction rate was strongly dependent on the amounts of water and sulfur dioxide in the reaction system, and this was consistent with a proposal that the hydroxymethylsulfonic acid (HOCH₂SO₃H) formed from sulfur dioxide, water, and formaldehyde acts as a catalyst for the reaction. However, not all water molecules contributed to the formation of HOCH₂SO₃H, because some were adsorbed by the wood components. When the initial moisture content was high, polymeric cross-linking was likely because the ultimate weight gain was much greater than the value estimated based on monomeric cross-links. The lower values of antiswelling efficiency and higher equilibrium moisture content at a specific level of weight gain also suggested the existence of polymeric cross-links. However, the difference in the length of cross-links did not significantly influence the mechanical properties.Part of this research was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, April 2003     

3个竹种硫含量季节变化

在福建农林大学百竹园内随机选取3个竹种:歪脚龙竹、坭竹、长叶苦竹,分别于春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对其叶片、主枝、小枝的硫含量进行测定,同时以福州市森林公园相同竹种作为参照。结果表明:竹类植物叶片硫元素含量最高,各竹种之间硫元素含量差异显著;同竹种不同季节的各部位的硫含量均有变化,秋季硫含量最高,夏季最低,较秋季平均减少54.88%;竹类植物对于硫元素的吸收作用较强,叶片硫含量均高于国标的最高值2.0 g.kg-1,且叶片硫含量对环境二氧化硫变化具有指示作用,可以考虑作为硫污染区的绿化植物。     

Carbon reservoir and biomass in Canadian prairie shelterbelts

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂), can be mitigated by the planting of trees and shrubs. Appropriate agroforestry practices in Saskatchewan include field and farmyard shelterbelts, wildlife plantations, poplar plantations and managed woodlots. A study was conducted to determine the amount of carbon held in prairie shelterbelts. The effect of the soil type and tree species on biomass and carbon content was measured in shelterbelts in the brown, dark brown and black soil zones of Saskatchewan. For some of the main shelterbelt species, the mean aboveground carbon content was 79 kg/tree (32 t/km) for green ash, 263 kg/tree (105 t/km) for poplar, 144 kg/tree (41 t/km) for white spruce and 26 t/km for caragana. In the brown and the dark brown soils, which are more arid than the black soil zone, trees had 60.6% and 65.5%, respectively, of the biomass and carbon content of trees and shrubs in the black soil zone. Improved, fast-growing poplar clones had the greatest biomass at maturity and fixed the greatest amount of carbon. Simple equations were developed to calculate the carbon contents of prairie shelterbelts, based on easily measured tree or shrub parameters. This paper will discuss the results of this particular study and the broader implications of this work. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.