Effects of strand length and layer structure on some properties of strandboard made from bamboo

Strandboard panels were experimentally produced from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) using various strand lengths and layer structures to evaluate the effects of manufacturing parameters on panel properties. The strandboard was fabricated in a laboratory using diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) resin and laboratory-made strands of four lengths and four different structures. Strand alignment distributions and concentration parameter (k) values were greatly affected by strand length. A linear correlation was found between the value of k and the modulus of rupture (MOR), with correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.93 for unidirectional boards and three-layer boards, respectively. This correlation may be used to predict the strength properties of boards. Bending properties were significantly affected by both the strand length and the layer structure of the bamboo strandboard tested. Elasticity data from unidirectional boards and random boards can be used to predict the elastic properties of three-layer boards. The linear expansion (LE) of the random boards increased with decreasing strand length. The difficulty in mat forming and resin distribution for longer strands could cause deviation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and LE, especially in strand lengths around 80 mm.     

Development of structural composite products made from bamboo I: fundamental properties of bamboo zephyr board

A study was conducted to determine the suitability of zephyr strand from moso bamboo (Pyllostachys pubescens Mazel) for structural composite board manufacture. Thirty-two 1.8×40×40cm bamboo zephyr boards (BZB) were produced using four diameters of zephyr strand (9.5, 4.7, 2.8, and 1.5mm) and four target densities (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9g/cm³). Results indicate that BZB exhibits superior strength properties compared to the commercial products. The size of the zephyr strand and the level of target density had a significant effect on the moduli of elasticity and rupture, internal bond strength, water absorption, and thickness swelling, but they did not have a significant effect on linear expansion. With regard to the physical properties, BZB exhibited less thickness swelling and exhibited good dimensional stability under dry-wet conditioning cycles.Part of this research was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998; it was reported at the 4th Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composite Symposium, Bogor, Indonesia, November 1998     

Manufacture of oriented board using mild steam treatment of plant fiber bundles

This study investigated the effects of mild steam treatment (0.1 MPa for 2 h) of natural bio-based fibers and orientation (0° and 90°) of those fibers in various fiberboards. Ramie bast, pineapple leaf, and sansevieria fiber bundles were used as materials. The composite fiberboards were prepared using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. To investigate the effect of mild steam treatment on wettability, contact angles of PF resin to the fiber were measured. The mechanical properties of the boards were examined as well as their dimensional stability. The contact angle data showed that mild steam treatment was effective in improving the wettability of fibers. Unioriented steam-treated boards showed better performance of internal bond (IB), moduli of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA) than other boards. Unioriented steam-treated sansevieria board with longitudinal fiber direction showed higher average values of MOR (403 MPa), MOE (39.2 GPa), and IB (1.33 MPa) and lower values of TS (5.15%) and WA (8.68%) than other boards. The differences in the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of boards were found mainly due to the differences in the ratios of fiber fraction of the boards to the density of the fiber bundles.     

Veneer strand flanged I-beam with MDF or particleboard as web material IV: Effect of web material types and flange density on the basic properties

The balance of strength between the flange and web parts of veneer strand flanged I-beam was investigated by the following methods: (1) use of different web material types, such as plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), particleboard (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF), that have different strength properties; and (2) fabrication of I-beams with low-density flanges using low-density strands with PB web material. Replacing PB or MDF with plywood showed slight significant improvement in the modulus of rupture but not in the modulus of elasticity of the entire I-beam. However, PB and MDF showed competent performance in comparison with OSB, thus strengthening the promising future of the use of PB or MDF as web material to fabricate I-beams. Hot-pressing conditions used for I-beam production exerted slightly adverse effects on the bending properties of PB, but not on MDF, OSB, and plywood web materials. The flange density of 0.60 g/cm³ was considered to be the lower limit that provides I-beams with balanced mechanical properties and dimensional stability.     

Effect of board density on bending properties and dimensional stabilities of MDF-reinforced corrugated particleboard

We investigated the bending properties of composite boards produced by reinforcing both sides of corrugated particleboard with medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Thickness swelling and linear expansion (LE) were measured to assess the dimensional stabilities of the composite board. Although the apparent density of the composite board was 0.48g/cm³, its strength was found to be equivalent to that of 18-type particleboard as described in JIS A 5908. The boards parallel/perpendicular anisotropy in strength was 0.9. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of the composite board increased with board density only up to a certain density, beyond which the MOR was constant. On the other hand, the thickness swelling of both corrugated particleboard and the composite board was smaller than that of flat-type particleboard, satisfying the JIS A 5908 standard of 12%. Linear expansion (soaking in water of ordinary temperature for 24h) of corrugated particleboard was 0.7%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 2.1%–3.1% in the perpendicular direction; hence, anisotropy in linear expansion existed in the corrugated particleboard. The linear expansion of the composite board was 0.6%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 1.8%–2.5% in the perpendicular direction. Although the LE of the composite board was lower than that of corrugated particleboard, it is necessary to improve the LE of composite board for practical use.     

Dependence of reaction kinetics and physical and mechanical properties on the reaction systems of acetylation II: physical and mechanical properties

Acetylation of wood was carried out in acetic anhydride only, acetic anhydride/xylene 1:1 (v/v), and acetic anhydride/pyridine 4:1 (v/v) solutions. The antishrink efficiency (ASE), hygroscopic properties, vibrational properties, and bending strength were compared among the three reaction solutions. The ASE was a simple function of weight gain (WG); the equilibrium moisture content at a given WG differed among the reaction solutions. Based on this fact and the results of repeated water soaking and oven-drying tests, it was found that the bulking effect was a major factor, and that decreased hygroscopicity contributes only slightly to the dimensional stabilization by acetylation. The difference in equilibrium moisture content among reaction solutions appears more significant in block samples than wood meal, probably due to the fiber-to-fiber bonds in the former. The tendencies for change in the specific Youngs modulus and the loss tangent differed among reaction solutions, whereas in the static bending test the difference was not marked.Part of this report was represented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

Effects of low bondability of acetylated fibers on mechanical properties and dimensional stability of fiberboard

Fiberboards were prepared from acetylated fibers with various weight gains: 0, 4.7, 9.4, 18.5, and 24.8 weight percent gain (WPG). The effects of low bondability of acetylated fibers on mechanical properties and dimensional changes were determined. The decreased mechanical properties of acetylated fiberboard are mainly due to low bondability. To improve bending strength, high face density is also needed. The thickness swelling according to JIS and the linear expansion under relative humidity changes decreased with increasing WPG. As for accelerated weathering and the outdoor exposure test, the thickness changes in 4.7–18.5 WPG boards were much higher than those in OWPG board and 24.8 WPG board. The high thickness change in 4.7–18.5 WPG boards is due to low bondability. Although 24.8 WPG board also has low bondability, the thickness change of 24.8 WPG board decreased. The high dimensional stability of acetylated fibers, caused by high WPG, probably outweighs the dimensional change caused by low bondability. On the other hand, during the boiling test the thickness changes in 24.8 WPG board and the 4.7–18.5 WPG boards were higher than those in 0 WPG board. The effect of the boiling test on the boards is more severe than that seen with the accelerated weathering and outdoor exposure test; therefore, the effects of the low bondability probably cancel the effects of the high WPG. It is necessary to increase the bondability of acetylated fibers to improve the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties.     

分子筛前驱体对定向刨花板性能的影响

人造板阻燃研究中常将分子筛用作阻燃添加剂或协效剂,但合成分子筛通常使用水热方法,耗能大、流程复杂.本研究采用LTA型分子筛的合成前驱体浸渍处理刨花并制备阻燃定向刨花板(OSB).通过热重分析(TGA)和极限氧指数(LOI)测试对浸渍处理刨花的热分解行为和燃烧性能进行考察,采用锥形量热测试和力学性能测试探究了分子筛前驱体...     

Effect of mat structure on modulus of elasticity of oriented strandboard

A model to predict bending stiffness of oriented strandboard (OSB) was tested with pilot plant experimental data. The experimental procedure developed in this study is unique in that it allows the model to be tested for extensive vertical configurations of strand angle distribution. After validation, the model was used to simulate a typical three-layer cross-oriented OSB panel with a vertical density profile and strand angle distribution measured on industrial panels. Analysis of the simulated vertical distribution of modulus of elasticity (MOE) indicated that the layers near the panel surfaces contributed much more to the effective parallel panel MOE than those close to the panel thickness center, with 80% of parallel MOE coming from the top 41% of weight and 32% of thickness. The effectiveness of methods to increase parallel bending stiffness through improving mat structure was evaluated. Increasing face/core weight ratio from 54/46 to 66/34 resulted in a 3.7% increase in simulated parallel MOE. Alignment of strands in face layers was identified having a greater potential to increase parallel MOE. Simulations with three improved strand angle distributions showed gains of 5.7, 12.0 and 19.8% in parallel MOE compared with a typical strand angle distribution of industrial OSB panels.     

Manufacture and properties of high-performance oriented strand board composite using thin strands

Three-layered composite oriented strand boards were manufactured using very thin hinoki (Japanese cypress, Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) strands oriented in the faces and mixtures of sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.) and hinoki particles in the core. The boards were composed of two density levels, with 1:8:1, 0.5: 9 : 0.5, and 0: 10 : 0 face: core: face ratios. Polymeric and emulsion type isocyanate resins were used. The resin contents for the strands in the face and particles in the core were 10% and 5%, respectively. The steam-injection press was applied at 0.62MPa (160°C), and the steam-injection time was 2min. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were evaluated based on the Japanese Industrial Standard. The parallel moduli of rupture and elasticity along the strand orientation direction and the wood screw retaining force increased with increasing face/core ratios. Incorporation of 10%–20% of thin strands in the face of the boards improved the parallel moduli of rupture and elasticity by 47%–124% and 30%–65%, respectively. In addition, the thickness swelling after water-soaking at 20°C for 24h, and the parallel linear expansion after boiling for 2h and water-soaking at 20°C for 1 h, of the three-layered composite boards were below 8% and 0.15%, respectively, despite a short steam-injection press time. The thickness swelling of the boards decreased with increasing face/core ratios. In contrast, the presence of face strands seems to have a minimal effect on the moduli of rupture and elasticity along the perpendicular direction of the three-layered composite boards. A similar trend was observed for the internal bond strength, hardness, and linear expansion along the perpendicular direction.This paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

三种竹碎料板的物理力学性能比较分析

对三种竹碎料板的物理力学性能进行了比较分析。板材弹性模量：竹席增强竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉普通竹碎料板;静曲强度：竹席增强竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉普通竹碎料板;吸水率：普通竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板;吸水厚度膨胀率：普通竹碎料板〉竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板;内结合强度：竹碎料/木纤维复合板〉竹席增强竹碎料板〉普通竹碎料板。     

Development of structural composite products made from bamboo II: fundamental properties of laminated bamboo lumber

This experiment explored the technical feasibility of using bamboo zephyr mat with pre-hot-pressed treatment for the manufacture of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), which is similar in construction to that of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Six LBL boards (made from four-ply bamboo zephyr mats) with approximate dimensions of 2×42× 42cm were fabricated using resorcinol-based adhesive. The experimental design involved three combinations of layered structures (types I, II, and III) and two LBL loading positions (H-beam and V-beam) during the bending test. These materials were then compared to ordinary LVL. Results indicated that the bending properties (moduli of rupture and elasticity) of LBL were comparable to those of LVL, but there was no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties among the three types of LBL beam. Interestingly, orienting the glue line to the vertical direction (V-beam) could maximize the ultimate strength of the LBL.Part of this research was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo. April 1999, and at the Pacific Timber Engineering Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, March 1999     

酯化处理对竹材结构及热性能的影响

界面融合是影响木塑复合材料发展的关键问题之一.对木质材料表面进行改性处理,使其生成疏水的非极性化学官能团并具有热流动性,有利于改善木质材料与塑料体间的界面黏合性.分别采用乙酰化、碱预处理乙酰化及月桂酰氯酯化3种方式对竹材进行酯化改性,研究了各处理工艺对竹材化学结构和热性能的影响.结果表明:各酯化处理方法均能改变竹材内部分子结构,月桂酰氯酯化处理塑化效果最明显,50℃左右便可熔融,不添加任何胶黏剂110℃条件下热压可自成型.     

竹编胶合板组合方式及热压工艺的研究

本文对竹编胶合板的组合方式及热压工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明:1.采用竹篾拼接式组合,不但改善了竹编胶合板的胶合性能,而且简化了竹编胶合板的热压工艺,消除了编织式结构对竹编胶合板物理力学性能带来的不利影响;2.竹篾经过预处理以后,其胶合性能得到改善。     

整形竹的研究(2)--物理力学性能

运用一种新的竹材加工方式、用自行设计和制造的高温成型设备试制了横截面为矩形的整形竹.整形竹竹壁完好,竹内填充稻草.压缩整形时的温度、时间、压缩率和填充材料的性质都直接影响整形竹的尺寸稳定性.整形竹的吸湿性和吸湿线湿胀率同天然竹材相近,吸水率和吸水线湿胀率高于天然竹材,但是有明显的时间滞后现象.在200℃温度时,处理周期为20min的整形竹其吸湿率、吸水率、湿胀率和压缩回复率明显低于周期为15min的试样.整形竹的尺寸稳定性比压缩木更均匀.顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量同木材相近,而试件破坏形式有很大区别.     

Effect of accelerated aging on some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on compression strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, color change, volumetric swelling, and volumetric shrinkage of bamboo specimens with and without node sections. In the study, these properties were compared with those of Scots pine and beech wood specimens. Depending on bamboo sections, the aging procedure reduced modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength. Bamboo specimens showed relatively high strength properties compared to wood specimens due to having high density. Strength properties increased from bottom to top of bamboo culms. The presence of nodes in the specimens reduced compression strength and modulus of rupture but affected modulus of elasticity slightly. Remarkable color changes in specimens were observed after aging. Volumetric swelling and shrinkage of bamboo specimens exposed to aging decreased probably due to heat effect of aging procedure.     

影响重组木和单板条平行胶合材力学性能的主要工艺因子的比较与分析(英文)

通过工艺实验,对重组木和单板条平行胶合材(PSL)的主要力学性能进行了研究。采用杨木、落叶松和桦木小径材作为重组木原料;以胶合板厂的杨木及桦木旋切后的废单板条作为PSL的原料。在实验室条件下,利用低质小径木和木材加工剩余物,制造出具有高强度的结构用重组木和PSL;对两种人造木材的工艺条件进行了比较与分析,分别提出了影响重组木和PSL力学强度的主要工艺因子。结果表明热压压力是影响重组木力学强度的一个重要工艺因子,而单板条长厚比对PSL也是一个重要工艺因子。     

竹笋象危害对竹材物理力学性质的影响

对受笋万纹象(Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrolot)、一字竹笋象(O.davidis Fairmaire)、大竹笋象(Cyrtatrachelus longimanus Fabricius)危害后断梢毛竹、竹腔注药防治后毛竹、正常毛竹3种竹材进行竹材抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度测定结果表明,与正常毛竹相比较,受竹笋象危害断梢毛竹差异显著,3个竹材物理力学性质指标分别下降了43.79%、39.01%、29.28%,竹腔注药防治后毛竹3个指标下降了13.87%、10.95%、9.01%,但差异不显著,不影响竹材的使用价值.     

竹束单板层积材预压密实化工艺及性能研究

初步探索了热压法和冷压法两种竹束单板层积材预压密实化制备工艺,研究了密实化温度、时间和组坯方式对板材力学性能和尺寸稳定性能的影响.结果表明:随着密实化温度的增加,用新工艺制备的BLVL的静曲强度、弹性模量、剪切强度和尺寸稳定均呈下降趋势,自密实化温度120℃开始对新工艺制备的BLVL的力学性能和尺寸稳定性能影响较大;10min密实化板材的各项性能较15min要高;冷压法密实化板材各项性能较热压法要略低,但冷压法操作相对简便易行、生产效率高、能耗小;采用热压法工艺90℃、10min下制备的BLVL各项性能指标最优.     

维管束分布及结构对竹材宏观压缩性能的影响

深入研究竹材宏观压缩性能的影响因素。以散生竹毛竹,丛生竹慈竹、花竹、绿竹为研究对象,分别测试基本密度、维管束分布密度、纤维鞘组织比量、纤维形态及比例等关键特征数据,建立特征数据与竹材宏观压缩性能的关系并分析其对宏观压缩性能的影响。结果表明:1)散生竹毛竹,丛生竹慈竹、花竹、绿竹四种竹材维管束的分布密度、形态及组成差异较大,毛竹维管束的尺寸明显小于丛生竹,丛生竹均含游离纤维股且多为薄壁纤维;2)4种竹材宏观压缩应力—应变曲线相近,但力学性能存在明显差异;3)基本密度、维管束分布密度、厚壁纤维组织比量与竹材顺纹压缩性能正相关,且基本密度的相关性最高。基本密度是评价竹材顺纹抗压强度和压缩模量最可靠的物理因素。不同竹种维管束的分布密度主要影响竹材抗压强度,对压缩模量影响较小。维管束内厚壁纤维的组织比量也是影响竹材抗压强度和压缩模量的重要结构因素,厚壁纤维组织比量越大,压缩性能越好。