三种特早熟温州蜜柑品质比较研究

[目的]比较3种特早熟温州蜜柑‘稻叶’、‘大浦’、‘大分’外观和内在品质差异,为其上市时间提供参考。[方法]通过纵横径、单果重、可食率、瓣数和果皮叶绿素等外观形态,以及果肉可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc、类胡萝卜素、总酚、类黄酮等内在品质指标,分析3种特早熟温州蜜柑的内外在品质。[结果]3个品种果皮薄而光滑,呈青绿色,果实形状多为扁圆形,瓣数为9~13瓣,其中,大浦、大分果形较大,稻叶果形偏小。内在品质方面,稻叶和大分的可溶性固形物含量差异较小且高于大浦;稻叶的可溶性糖和类胡萝卜素含量最高,大分次之,大浦含量最低;另外,稻叶的可滴定酸、Vc、总酚含量最高,大分最低,大浦介于两者之间;在糖酸比方面,大分最高,稻叶次之,大浦最低。[结论]大分的内外品质较好,具有较好的市场前景。     

不同浓度IAA色氨酸处理对菠萝果实品质发育的影响

以‘巴厘’菠萝品种为试材,叶面喷施不同浓度的IAA和L-色氨酸,探讨对菠萝果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,50 mg/L IAA和200 mg/L L-色氨酸可增加果实纵径,提高单果重,并可提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和Vc含量,降低有机酸含量,从而改善果实品质,提高商品率。     

不同施肥量对菠萝产量和品质的影响

针对菠萝生产中过量施肥的现状,开展不同施肥量对菠萝产量和品质的影响研究。试验选用巴厘品种,设5个不同施肥梯度。结果表明:随着施肥量的增加,菠萝株高、D叶长、D叶宽、植株鲜重、果实纵径、果实横径、果眼数、单果重、产量随之增加;Vc含量随着施肥量的增加呈下降趋势,可滴定酸含量和可溶性固形物呈增加趋势,而可溶性总糖含量没有表现出明显的变化规律;施肥对产量的贡献率表现为FP150%FP120%FP100%FP80%,肥料最大贡献率仅为48.57%,而肥料农学效率则表现为FP150%FP120%FP100%FP80%。因此在不显著减产和影响果实品质的前提下,从提高肥料的农学效率角度考虑,建议在传统施肥量的基础上减少20%。     

夏季不同采收时间对香蕉果实品质和加工特性的影响

选取威廉斯 B6 香蕉（Musa AAA Cavendish cv. ‘Williams B6’）为试材，分别于断蕾后 50、60、70、80 d 采收 （对应果实分别记为：F-50，F-60，F-70 和 F-80），以探究夏季不同采收时间对香蕉果实品质和加工特性的影响。主要 考察指标有单果重、可食率、果实失重率、果实可溶性固形物、果肉硬度、果肉多酚含量和褐变速率。结果表明：F-80 的单果重和可食率（分别为 189.7 g 和 65.7%）显著高于其他处理，且果实失重率、果肉多酚含量和褐变速率显著低于 F-50 和 F-60；F-60 可溶性固形物含量显著高于 F-70 和 F-80。因此，适当延长采收时间可提高果实单果重和可食率， 降低果实可溶性固形物含量、失重率、多酚含量和褐变速率。综合考虑香蕉产量和品质变化，根据不同用途选择合适 的时间采收香蕉。     

“巨峰”葡萄增施有机肥效应初探

"巨峰"葡萄增施"零排放"养猪垫料有机肥可提高单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量,促进土壤养分积累,改善果品品质,促进增产增收。     

腐植酸基肥对日光温室番茄农艺性状、产量、品质的影响

[目的]研究腐植酸基肥对设施番茄农艺性状、产量以及品质的影响。[方法]以L-402番茄为试验材料,采用日光温室栽培方式,分别设置3个基肥施用方案：腐植酸基肥(T1)、有机-无机互混基肥(T2)、不施用基肥(CK)。在初果期测定株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素含量,在果实成熟期测定单果重、单株果数、硬度、可溶性固形物、V_C、可溶性总糖、总酸、番茄红素。[结果]对农艺性状的影响T1>T2>CK,T1株高和叶绿素含量优于T2,差异性显著(P<0.05);对产量的影响T1>T2>CK,T1单果重和产量优于T2,差异性显著(P<0.05);对品质的影响T1>T2>CK,T1硬度、可溶性固形物和V_C优于T2,差异性显著(P<0.05)。[结论]与有机-无机互混肥料相比,腐植酸基肥具有促进番茄生长、增加番茄产量、提升番茄品质的作用。     

菠萝不同月份采收果实品质变化规律研究

以我国菠萝主栽品种‘巴厘’为试材,分析不同月份采收的菠萝果实Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物的变化,结果表明：不同月份成熟的菠萝果实Vc含量有差异,1～12月呈先降低后升高的趋势,11～4月较高,5～9月较低;可滴定酸含量与Vc含量变化趋势一致,11～3月较高,4～9月较低;不同月份成熟菠萝果实可溶性糖含量变化无明显规律,1、5、6、7、12月较高,其他月份较低;可溶性固形物含量表现出与Vc、可滴定酸含量变化相反的趋势,5～7月较高,其次为9、11,2、3月,可溶性固形物含量最低;各月份果实糖酸比情     

优质耐储运型粉果番茄新品种“元鸿粉旺”的选育

[目的]推广番茄新品种"元红粉旺"。[方法]以PTM07038为母本,PTM07159为父本配制的一代杂种。[结果]植株为无限生长类型,早熟。成熟果实粉红色、扁圆形、无绿果肩,果个大,畸形果少,果实耐贮运。平均单果重181 g,果实中可溶性固形物含量4.2%。抗病毒病、抗叶霉病。[结论]该品种适宜在辽宁,河北,山东,内蒙古等省保护地栽培。     

种苗大小对菠萝生长、产量和品质的影响

本文以巴厘种菠萝作为试验材料,分析种苗大小对菠萝生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,收获期大苗试验区的菠萝株高、叶片数、D叶长、植株鲜重、果长、果径和单果重极显著高于小苗试验区;与小苗试验区相比,大苗试验区的菠萝产量比小苗试验区增产15.74 t/hm2,商品果率高,罐头果率低,每株菠萝生产的芽苗数多;大苗试验区果实中Vc含量和可滴定酸（TA）含量高于小苗试验区,但可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物（TSS）和TSS/TA略小于小苗试验区。因此,要提高菠萝的产量,建议在定植时选择大苗作为种苗。     

几种植物生长物质对毛叶枣果实品质的影响

用浓度分别为20,50mg/L的GA3,NAA,ABA,6-BA涂抹谢花40 d后的毛叶枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)幼果.果实成熟后,测定果实的相关品质.结果表明:(1)20mg/LAA能够显著提高毛叶枣果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和有机酸的含量,但对单果重没有影响;20mg/L 6-BA也能提高果实维生素C、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的含量,但降低了单果重、葡萄糖和果糖的含量;20 mg/L ABA能促进果实增大,提高果实可溶性总糖和有机酸的含量;20 mg/L GA能增加有机酸的含量,但降低了含糖量、单果重及维生素C.(2)50 m/LNAA处理能提高果实所有品质的含量;50 mg/L ABA和6-BA都能提高含糖量及有机酸,但降低了单果重和维生素C含量;50mg/L GA能增加单果重、有机酸,但降低了含糖量和维生素C.综合结果表明,20mg/L浓度处理优于50 mg/L,而且NAA处理对提高毛叶枣果实品质效果比GA3,ABA,6-BA的好.     

培育伴侣品种实现玉米杂交种间优势利用

基于当代优势和花粉直感的特点,宋同明教授提出了普通玉米高油化三利用生产模式并已在生产上取得了成功.为配合这一优质化高产模式的推广,应该强化三利用模式中配套单交种的筛选,选育当代杂种优势和花粉直感效应均高的伴侣型杂交种,形成伴侣型玉米生产系统,从而可以充分利用当代杂种优势和品质性状的花粉直感效应,实现玉米的高产和优质化生产.在此基础上,提出了高油化后的普通玉米直接作为种子进行跨代利用的设想。     

单倍体技术在玉米育种中的应用和新进展

介绍了单倍体技术在作物育种中应用的概况,特别是在玉米育种中,对如何获得单倍体,如何进行单倍体的鉴别和加倍等问题进行了综述.并介绍了Stock 6及其衍生的几个玉米单倍体诱导系,评述了单倍体技术在玉米育种中的应用前景。     

不同玉米品种萌芽期及苗期抗旱性初步研究

对4个玉米杂交种辽单35、丹玉24、沈丹16、沈农87进行萌芽期和苗期的抗旱性研究.结果表明,不同杂交种在抗旱性上存在明显差异,在水分胁迫下,抗旱性强的杂交种仍然保持较高的发芽势和发芽率,苗期叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率下降的幅度较小。     

利用杂交玉米F1代种子果皮组织鉴定母本真实性的SSR研究

玉米子粒的果皮是全部继承母本遗传信息的F1代组织[1].将玉米F1代种子的果皮分离并从中提取DNA,以160对SSR引物为基础对本单位自育和生产上大面积推广的5个玉米单交种及双亲进行特异引物的筛选.特异引物的标准是能同时区分双亲及杂交种.用这些特异引物对杂交种、亲本和从杂交种上分离的果皮DNA进行PCR扩增.实验表明,果皮中的DNA利用SSR分析,具有与杂交种母本完全相同的DNA指纹.可通过杂交种种子获得其母本的全套DNA及其DNA指纹图谱.在亲子鉴定、自交系DNA指纹库建立及品种权保护等方面具有应用前景。     

水分胁迫对玉米萌芽期保护酶系活力影响及其与抗旱性的关系

玉米种子在萌发出苗阶段,水分胁迫诱导了POD和CAT活性的升高.但POD与CAT的活性水平与品种萌芽期的抗旱性不存在明显的相关性,不宜作为萌芽期抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标。     

Variation in gluten quality parameters of spring wheat varieties of different origin grown in contrasting environments

The aim of this study was to investigate variation in protein content and gluten viscoelastic properties in wheat genotypes grown in two mega-environments of contrasting climates: the southeast of Norway and Minnesota, USA. Twelve spring wheat varieties, nine from Norway and three HRS from Minnesota, were grown in field experiments at different locations in Norway and Minnesota during 2009–2011. The results showed higher protein content but lower TW and TKW when plants were grown in Minnesota, while the gluten quality measured as Rmax showed large variation between locations in both mega-environments. On average, Rmax of the samples grown in Minnesota was higher than those grown in Norway, but some locations in Norway had similar Rmax values to locations in Minnesota. The data showed inconsistent relationship between the temperature during grain filling and Rmax. Our results suggest that the weakening effect of low temperatures on gluten reported in this study are caused by other environmental factors that relate to low temperatures. The variety Berserk showed higher stability in Rmax as it obtained higher values in the environments in Norway that gave very weak gluten for other varieties.     

Distribution of bioactive compounds in maize fractions obtained in two different types of large scale milling processes

Maize kernels contain different bioactive compounds that are important for human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of the bioactive compounds in maize fractions derived from two industrial dry-milling processes, characterized by a dry-degermination (DD) system and a tempering-degermination (TD) system.The bioactive compounds in maize resulted unevenly distributed in the milling fractions of the kernel. By-products such as the germ and the animal feed flour, had higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total polyphenol content (TPC) and total dietary fibre content (TDF) than the whole grains, while xanthophyll and resistant starch resulted to be higher in the fractions derived from the vitreous endosperm. The germ fraction showed also the highest folate content. Results also showed that the type of degermination process influences the bioactive compound contents in the milling fraction, in accordance to the effectiveness of the germ and bran removal from the endosperm fractions. In particular, the animal feed flour obtained by means of TD system resulted in a higher TAC, TPC and TDF than the same fraction obtained by means of the DD system. Conversely, the extraction rate do not affect the recovery of bioactive components in particular fractions.     

玉米自交系北种南育若干性状的变化规律研究及种植管理

玉米自交系的南育是玉米育种的有效方法,极大地缩短了育种时间,提高了育种效率.对北方玉米自交系南育和北育的一些性状进行了对比,总结出在南育过程中玉米自交系性状变化规律及选择依据,并对种植管理进行了总结。     

彩色马铃薯花色苷生物合成相关基因的研究进展

关键酶基因表达量决定了花色苷含量的高低,综述国内外对彩色马铃薯花色苷生物合成途径以及相关基因的研究现状,多个相关酶基因已经通过二倍体或四倍体马铃薯完成了cDNA的克隆,研究发现部分酶基因的启动子容易受到UVB辐射、低温等外界环境条件的诱导。对以后的研究工作提出了建议,希望能够为马铃薯花色苷的开发利用和生物合成相关基因的克隆、表达分析以及马铃薯分子育种提供参考依据。     

Immunomodulatory activities of non-prolamin proteins in wheat germ and gluten

Albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), glutelin (Gll) and glutenin (Gln) were separately extracted from wheat germ and wheat gluten. Amino acisd composition, molecular weight distribution, solubility, in vitro digestibility, and immunomodulatory activities were all analyzed. Gll and Gln have similar molecular weight distributions, which differed from those of Alb and Glo. Alb showed the highest solubility at various pH values (except pH 4.0), whereas Glo showed the highest in vitro digestibility. Glo and Gll have the highest proportion of essential to total amino acids, while Alb and Gll have the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores. Gll had the strongest immunomodulatory effects in terms of stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells to produce IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, and good stimulatory effects on splenocyte proliferation, production of IL-2, phagocytosis, and secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. Gll can be considered a good protein source for use in health foods.