新陆早58号的选育与栽培要点

新陆早58号（K07—12）是新疆兵团第七师农业科学研究所选育的非转基因早熟棉花新品种,属本所“十二五”早熟棉育种新成果,2013年8月、10月分别通过新疆维吾尔自治区和国家农作物品种委员会两级品种审定（新审棉2013年36号、国审棉2013年004号）,分别定名为新陆早58号和K07—12。     

耐早棉新品种“赣棉8号”的选育与研究

“陆地棉新品种选育”是省科委在“六五”后期下达由我所负责主持的一项重点科研项目,编号为1984—5(1)。这项研究的基础工作是从1983年开始的。1986年,随着我所承担了“七五”国家棉花育种攻关项目“专用棉新品种选育”(编号为75—02—07—02)子专题“耐旱棉新品种选育”的任务,使这项研究更加深入一步,至1991年,已经按照科研项目和科技合同的要求,圆满完成了省科委和国家交给我们的任务。下面,仅就“赣棉8号”的选育与     

超高产夏大豆种质JN96-2343创新研究初报

“JN96—2343”大豆种质为优质双高种质，其蛋白质含量为45．3％，脂肪为20．1％，在适宜的肥水条件下，667m^2产量可达300kg以上。“JN96—2343”大豆种质叶片小，株型紧凑，荚粒数多，单株生产力高。高抗倒伏，适宜密植，生育期95-l00d。“JN96—2343”百粒重弹性大，可广泛用于豆制品及饲料加工业，也可做生豆芽或青豆苗的专用品种。     

大豆新品种辽豆10号及其丰产栽培技术

大豆新品种辽豆１０号及其丰产栽培技术“辽豆１０号”是辽宁省农科院油料作物研究所研究员张仁双和杨伯玉等科技人员，在１９８２年以“辽豆３号”为母本，用”辽８２—５１”做父本，采取有性杂交的定向培育的方法，精心选育成功的高产、优质、多抗大豆新品种，具有国内...     

武夷岩茶综合做青机做青程序的探讨

1　目前普及的综合做青机做青程序及工作原理采用日光萎调或热风萎凋 ,当青叶达萎调适度后 ,经冷却摊凉 2 0— 30ｍｉｎ后进入做青过程。目前生产中常用的做青程序是 :“吹风 (热风或冷风 ) ,机械摇动 ,停止静置”简称“吹—摇—停”。吹风时间由多到少 ,摇青 ,静置时间由少到多 ,经多次反复达到做青要求。工作原理是 :“吹风”加速叶片水份蒸发 ,吹风后叶子呈萎软状态即“退青”。吹风后机械转动摇青 ,促进梗中水分和营养物质向叶肉细胞输送 ,同时破坏叶片边缘叶细胞组织。摇青停止后青叶呈复苏状态 ,即“还阳” ,随着静置时间延长 ,叶片水…     

2004年热带、亚热带地区春大豆国家区域试验概况

2004年热带、亚热带地区首次实施的春大豆国家区域试验，在海南、广东、广西、江西、福建的9个区试点进行，有来自5个育种单位的13个品种参加。本文分析了春大豆区试的概况，并对区试有关问题进行了分析和探讨。参试的13个品种（系）产量在133．9-180．6kg／667m^2之间，“粤春03—4”在海南省农科院产量创造了253kg／667m^2记录。有7个参试品种比对照增产，其中“泉豆937”、“桂0120—1”、“粤春03—4”、“福豆234”、“粤春03—5”比对照显著增产。另外，一些参试品种具有较好的品质，“粤春03—4”、“粤春03—5”两个品系的蛋白质含量分别为41．08％和42．64％，油份含量分别为21．87％和21．53％，属于高油大豆。“福豆234”、“粤春03—1”、“粤春03—2”、“桂0118—1”、“桂0112—1”，蛋白质含量分别为46．33％、46．56％、43．95％、45．12％、44．39％，属于高蛋白品种。     

鹿苑茶机械化加工技术研究

对鹿苑茶各工序的机械化加工技术进行初步研究,结果显示,机械化制作的鹿苑茶能够达到手工制作的品质要求。工艺流程及选用的设备为:鲜叶—摊放—杀青(6CST-40型滚筒连续杀青机)—二炒(6CST-40型滚筒连续杀青机)—闷堆—做形(6CSG-50型双锅曲毫炒干机)—放泡(6CSG-50型双锅曲毫炒干机)—干燥(6CHP-60型名茶烘焙机)—增香(6CHP-60型名茶烘焙机)。通过正交试验对鹿苑茶做形条件进行优化,结果表明:在做形温度150℃左右,茶叶含水量40%,投叶量2Kg左右的条件下,干茶外形条索紧细,“环子脚”明显。在做形后期升高温度,能够较好形成“鱼子泡”的品质。     

浅谈安溪乌龙茶做青中水份变化的方向和速度

安溪乌龙茶为“半发醇”茶类,带有自然的花香、滋味醇厚鲜爽、有“青蒂绿腹红镶边”的叶底,这些特征,都是在“做青”中形成的。做青过程包括晒青、凉青、摇(凉)青、堆青等工序,历时12—18小时,技术性高,要依据茶鲜叶质量,结合“天、地、     

国审高产大豆新品种东豆100号选育及栽培技术研究

大豆新品种“东豆100号”是辽宁东亚种业有限公司选育，母本为“开交7310A-1-4”，父本为“开交7305—9—1—16”，2009年通过国审。该品种具有高产，稳产等特点，产量约为3000kg/hm^2。抗大豆花叶病毒病，轻感霜霉病，易感孢囊线虫病。生育期131d，适应区域较广。     

试论“天山绿茶”品牌的提升与整合打造

本文阐述了蕉城区“天山绿茶”品牌的历史与现状，提出“天山绿茶”品牌整合的必要性与整合打造措施，以期提高该品牌的市场知名度与影响力，提升蕉城茶产业的整体经济效益，做大做强做优蕉城茶产业。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops

Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.

The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).

The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors.     

Citrus Flavonoids in Fruit and Traditional Chinese Medicinal Food Ingredients in China

Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China.     

Effect of a continuous hot water treatment of potato tubers on seed-borne fungal pathogens

Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive. Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk. Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d.     

Role of Benzoxazinones in Cereals

Summary

Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding

Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding.     

Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds

The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant.     

Biological factors influencing the transmission of potato leafroll virus by different aphid species

Summary Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani.