鸵鸟支原体病的诊断和治疗

(一)发病情况某鸵鸟场2002年冬季有雏鸵鸟100余只,其中一栏32只1～2月龄的鸵鸟因饲养密度过大,管理不善而引发支原体病,致使5只鸵鸟死亡。(二)临床症状病鸵鸟流浆液性鼻液,打喷嚏、咳嗽、有的呼吸困难,食欲减退,生长发育受阻,3只病鸵鸟还出现关节肿大,行走困难。(三)剖检病鸵鸟死后剖检,气囊膜变厚、混浊,气囊膜上有白色分泌物或白色结节,有的气囊内有油状液体或白色絮状物,鼻道、气管、支气管黏膜水肿、充血、增厚、有黏液,肺脏充血、水肿,有的肺脏有结节。(四)治疗(1)对病鸵鸟舍加强通风换气措施,疏散饲养密度。(2)对病鸵鸟舍的垫料彻底更…     

用中草药防治鸵鸟沙门氏菌病的效果

荣成市北方鸵鸟实验场始建于 1 995年 3月 ,该场先后 2次从美国引进种鸵鸟 42只 (其中公鸵鸟 1 5只 ) ,经过 4年的精心饲养和繁育 ,目前存养鸵鸟 32 0只 ,其中种鸵鸟 1 2 0只 ,已出售种、雏鸵鸟1 2 0 0只。在 1 995年、1 996年 2年时间里 ,有 2只种鸵鸟感染沙门氏菌病 ,2 2只雏鸵鸟因沙门氏菌病而死亡。荣成市北方鸵鸟实验场先后使用抗菌素、呋喃类、磺胺类药对鸵鸟沙门氏菌病进行防治 ,效果均不理想 ,后改用中草药进行防治 ,收到明显疗效。1　流行特点鸵鸟沙门氏菌病是重要的蛋媒菌病之一。沙门氏菌对卵泡具有亲嗜性 ,经蛋垂直传播是最主要…     

雏鸵鸟腿病诱发原因及预防（上）

腿病是雏鸵鸟培育过程中常见的病,其发病率可高达30％以上,死淘率达25％以上,不少的鸵鸟养殖场为此蒙受重大损失。笔者就实践中发现的问题,对雏鸵鸟腿病诱发原因及预防介绍如下: 一、引起雏鸵鸟腿病的原因 病毒性疾病引起的腿病: 1.病毒性关节炎 由呼肠孤病毒引起,通常导致雏鸵鸟的跛行。病毒性关节炎、腱鞘炎,生长受阻,随着     

中草药对鸵鸟沙门氏菌病的防治

荣成市北方鸵鸟实验场始建于1995年3月,该场先后两次从美国引进种鸟42只(其中公鸟15只),经过四年的精心饲养和繁育,目前存养鸵鸟320只,其中种鸟120只,已出售种、雏鸟1200只,形成了种鸟、青年鸟、幼鸟接替发展的大好局面。在1995～1996两年时间里,有2只种鸟感染沙门氏菌病,22只雏鸟因沙门氏菌病而死亡。荣成市北方鸵鸟实验场先后使用抗菌素、呋喃类、磺胺类药对鸵鸟沙门氏菌病进行防治,效果均不理想,后改用中草药进行防治,收到明显疗效。 一、流行特点:鸵鸟沙门氏菌病是重要的蛋媒菌病之一。沙门氏菌对卵泡具有亲嗜性,经蛋垂直传播是最     

鸵鸟大肠杆菌病的诊治及致病性大肠杆菌O_(101)的分离与鉴定

河北省某鸵鸟场5月龄的小鸟发生了腹泻死亡的疾病,经尸体剖检、病原分离鉴定及药物治疗确诊为鸵鸟大肠杆菌病。利用敏感药物防治很快控制了疫情。分离到的大肠杆菌血清型为O_(101)。     

一起鸵鸟大肠杆菌病例的诊治

<正>大肠杆菌的致病菌株可以感染多种哺乳动物和禽类,在禽类多见于鸡、火鸡和鸭。雏鸵鸟大肠杆菌病也是引起雏鸵鸟死亡的病因之一,特别是建场时间长、防疫条件差的鸵鸟场,发病更为普遍。现将广西某鸵鸟场发生的一起鸵鸟大肠杆菌病的诊治情况介绍如下。     

鸵鸟常见的细菌性疾病

1大肠杆菌病大肠杆菌病普遍存在于自然环境和动物肠道中,是由埃希氏大杆菌引起的一系列临床症状的总称。临床表现为大肠杆菌性败血病、腹膜炎、输卵管炎、滑膜炎、脐带炎、卵黄炎和腹水症等。鸵鸟大肠杆菌病是非洲鸵鸟的一种常见病。据报道,世界鸵鸟界专家从鸵鸟体内分离到的并已确定血清型的大肠杆菌至少有9种。我国也曾在病鸵鸟体内也分离并鉴定出大肠埃希氏杆菌。我国鸵鸟     

雏鸵鸟腿病的诊疗

雏鸵鸟的腿病是影响鸵鸟生产一个重要问题，往往使鸵鸟成为残次鸟，失去价值，严重影响育成率。我国有些场地某些批次幼鸵鸟70％以上的有腿病。湘南某鸵鸟养殖场曾有一批雏鸵鸟发生严重腿病，经综合诊断认为是因饲料中高造成钙磷比例失调，抑制锰的吸收而造成。     

非洲鸵鸟的繁育行为与繁殖特性的观察

鸵鸟主要分为非洲鸵鸟、美洲鸵鸟、澳洲鸵鸟(鸸鹋)、几维鸟(新西兰)等,属鸟纲平胸总目鸟类目前,在世界范围内养殖的鸵鸟多为非洲鸵鸟,通过对鸵鸟繁殖行为进行观察,介绍了种鸟的繁殖特性和发情、交配、配种、产蛋等生殖行为和世界范围的养殖情况,以及我国鸵鸟的养殖时间及养殖水平.     

幼龄鸵鸟温和型新城疫的诊治

(一)发病情况2012年10月,驻马店市汝南县一鸵鸟养殖户有11只16日龄幼龄鸵鸟发病,来我中心就诊,发病幼龄鸵鸟现精神不振,不愿走动和奔跑,离群独处,食欲减退,垂颈缩头,体温4l℃,病鸟排出绿白色稀粪,注射抗生素和黄芪多糖治疗,效果不佳,有2只相继死亡。(二)临床症状发病鸵鸟精神沉郁,离群独处,不愿走动,体温达41℃以上,后期降低至36.4℃,食欲降低或完全废绝,肌肉抽搐,颈部     

Survey of nine abortifacient infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses from dairy farms in Beijing, China, by PCR

Abortion in dairy cattle causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry. Aborted fetuses and samples from the corresponding aborting dams from 12 dairy herds in Beijing were tested for 9 abortifacient infectious pathogens by PCR between 2008 and 2010. From a total of 80 abortion cases collected during this period, infectious agents were detected in 45 (56.3%) cases, 22 (48.9%) of which represented co-infections with two or three infectious agents. The detected pathogens included infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (36.3%) and Neospora caninum (31.3%), followed by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (7.5%), Brucella abortus (6.3%), Tritrichomonas foetus (5%) and Toxoplasma gondii (1.3%). Campylobacter fetus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila psittaci were not detected in any abortion case. Findings from this study indicated that infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and Neospora caninum were the main potential causes of abortions in Beijing dairy herds, whereas the bacterial pathogens were not, in contrast to reports from other countries. This is the first study to test nine abortifacient infectious agents by PCR at the same time, and it is also the first time to report the involvement of a variety of infectious agents in bovine abortion cases in China.     

Hepatitis with special reference to dogs. A review on the pathogenesis and infectious etiologies, including unpublished results of recent own studies

The causes of hepatitis in dogs are mostly unknown. Known causes of canine hepatitis are infectious (CAV-1), toxic (e.g. aflatoxin), and metabolic (copper accumulation). In order to understand the unknown causes, research in this field is necessary. Despite the marked progress in the knowledge on viral causes for human hepatitis, the involvement of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of hepatitis in the dog is still largely unknown. It is, like in human hepatitis, very likely that more than one causative infectious agent may cause hepatitis in the dog. This review presents the various forms of hepatitis in the dog, the known infectious and non-infectious causes of canine hepatitis, the infectious causes of hepatitis in man and other animals, and finally our recent infection and molecular studies to investigate possible infectious causes of canine hepatitis.     

鸡4种病毒抗原液的浓缩及其四联油佐剂灭活苗的研制

本研究通过超滤浓缩技术对鸡新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒和传染性法氏囊病病毒的尿囊液进行了10倍或10倍以上的浓缩处理，并按一定的比例配比研制成四联油乳剂灭活疫苗，对鸡的最小免疫剂量是0.25ml，免疫接种二周后，鸡新城疫和产蛋下降综合征病毒的HI抗体效价分别达到8log     

A Comparison of the Viruses of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV), and Rinderpest: Part I. Studies of Antigenic Relationships

The viruses of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), and rinderpest were compared by specific methods. The results further confirmed that IBR and IPV are caused by agents with common antigens. No antigenic relationship was found between these viruses and rinderpest virus, which confirms earlier work.     

A descriptive study of the frequency and characteristics of proliferative enteropathy in swine in Ontario by analyzing routine animal health surveillance data

Routine surveillance data, collected on pathology submissions at the Animal Health Laboratory in Guelph between 1992 and 1997, were analyzed to determine demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of cases of proliferative enteropathy and the frequency of this condition relative to other infectious enteric diseases in swine in Ontario. The most commonly reported disease was Escherichia coli enteritis (average cases/year = 70.0). Among infectious enteropathies that occur typically in neonatal pigs, coccidiosis (28.4 cases/year) and rotaviral enteritis (5.6 cases/year) were reported. Among infectious enteropathies generally associated with diarrhea in weaner and grower/finisher pigs, the most frequently reported was proliferative enteropathy (27.6 cases/year), followed by swine dysentery (23.3 cases/year), transmissible gastroenteritis (19.6 cases/year), and salmonellosis (8.4 cases/year). Diarrhea and bloody diarrhea were reported in 29% and 31%, respectively, of herds diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy. Important gross intestinal lesions included mucosal hypertrophy (62% of cases), hemorrhage (47%), and mucosal necrosis (34%). Histologic intestinal lesions included epithelial hyperplasia (90% of cases), mucosal necrosis (59%), and inflammation (49%). Our results suggest that proliferative enteropathy is a major infectious enteric disease in grower/finisher pigs in Ontario.     

The role of feral mammals on wildlife infectious disease prevalence in two nature reserves within Mexico City limits.

Wild and feral medium-sized mammals were live trapped at two natural protected areas within the Mexico City limits to determine antibody prevalence for the most common infectious diseases (rabies, toxoplasmosis, and canine parvovirus) in dogs and cats. Mammals were trapped during the dry (March-April) and rainy seasons (July-August) of 1996 and 1997. A total of 68 individuals were captured, representing 8 species: opossums (Didelphis virginiana), ringtails (Bassariscus astutus), spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis), weasels (Mustela frenata), rock squirrels (Spermophilus variegatus), Mexican gray squirrels (Sciurus aureogaster), feral cats (Felis catus), and feral dogs (Canis familiaris). There was marked seroprevalence for parvovirus (86.6%) and lower seroprevalences for both toxoplasma (23.9%) and rabies (17.9%). There were no significant prevalence differences among mammals in both protected areas, which were of contrasting size and isolation (i.e., small and isolated versus large and nonisolated). We suggest that high seroprevalence of these three infectious agents in wild mammals is a result of the high densities of feral dogs and cats in the two areas sampled. Feral dogs are able to maintain the infectious agents in these localities regardless of the protected area size and isolation. However, the native mammals of the small and isolated reserve are more vulnerable to infectious diseases because of small population size and genetic bottlenecks. Our results indicate that natural areas in and around Mexico City are a refugium for latent infectious agents, several of which are zoonotic. These findings suggest that conservation measures, such as eradication of feral mammals and vaccination programs, in the protected areas and surrounding areas could be beneficial.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒PCR诊断方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank登录的传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)的TK基因序列设计并合成1对特异性引物,以ILTV疫苗株DNA为模板,建立了检测ILTV TK基因的PCR方法。应用该方法能从临床分离毒株和疫苗株中扩增到长为427 bp的目的片段;但不能从新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)、禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)、减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9-AIV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌等病原中扩增出阳性条带;敏感性试验表明其DNA最小检出量为4.9 ng;应用该方法和病毒分离法对2份临床病例和人工感染鸡的检测,两者符合率为100%。上述结果表明该PCR方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可用于传染性喉气管炎病毒鉴定和临床诊断。     

朗德鹅禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

用禽流感病毒ELISA试剂盒对某朗德鹅养殖场的病鹅气管粘液进行了检测，发现5份粘液样本均呈禽流感阳性；随后取相应气管组织材料接种于9～11日龄鸡胚分离病毒．发现尿囊液能使鸡红细胞发生凝集，用禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9标准阳性血清和新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊炎病毒抗血清作HI试验，结果禽流感病毒H5亚型抗血清的血凝抑制滴度达到2^7，而禽流感病毒H7、H9亚型及其他病毒抗血清无血凝抑制滴度，说明从朗德鹅分离到的病毒为H5亚型禽流感病毒。     

羊口疮实验室检测方法研究进展

羊口疮是由羊口疮病毒(Orf Virus,ORFV)引起的嗜上皮性人畜共患传染病。该病在国内外均有流行,对养羊业造成了巨大的经济损失。快速高效的检测方法对羊口疮的防治至关重要,目前常用的羊口疮实验室检测方法包括病毒分离鉴定、病毒中和试验（VNT）、酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）、免疫荧光试验（IFA）、琼脂扩散试验（ATD）、蛋白质印迹法（WB）、侧流免疫层析测定法（LFIA）、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)等。本文概述了ORFV实验室检测方法的研究进展,为快速、准确的诊断ORFV提供依据。     

Effect of infectious status and parity on somatic cell count and California mastitis test in pampinta dairy ewes

The relationship between somatic cell counts (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT) results according to the infectious status of mammary halves and parity of Pampinta dairy ewes was evaluated. Tests were associated to bacteriological analysis and classified into three groups: uninfected (negative culture), infected by minor pathogens and infected by major pathogens. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (32.4%), Micrococcus spp. (32.4%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.4%), and Bacillus spp. (1.4%) were the minor pathogens isolated, while Staphylococcus aureus (27%) and Escherichia coli (1.4%) were the major pathogens isolated. A good correlation was found between the CMT and SCC, which included inflammatory and epithelial cells (r = 0.64; P < 0.0001). SCC averages for the CMT scores shown in parentheses were 223 576 (0); 245,248 (1); 397,778 (2); 1,159,109 (3) and 2,460,833 (4) cells/ml. The correlation between SCC and the infectious status of udder halves was 0.58 (P < 0.0001). The relationship between SCC and CMT profiles and infectious status studied by a discriminant analysis showed, with an accuracy of 65%, three infectious status groups. SCC arithmetic means were 244,470 cells/ml for negative culture, 1,044,100 cells/ml for minor pathogens and 2,045,652 cells/ ml for major pathogens. With the exception of 1-year-old ewes, no significant differences were observed in SCC as affected by age or parity.