牛妊娠相关糖蛋白ELISA对早期妊娠诊断效果的影响

选取273头荷斯坦奶牛,在人工输精后的28d和75d分别采用牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(PAG)ELISA和直肠检查的方法进行妊娠诊断,比较PAG ELISA和直肠检查法的结果,旨在评价PAG ELISA对配种28d的奶牛进行早期妊娠诊断的准确性。结果表明,PAG ELISA法妊娠诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为100%、75.5%、86.5%、100%和90.5%,与75d直肠检查结果相同,可用于母牛的早期妊娠诊断。妊娠诊断对于母牛保胎、分群管理及提高繁殖效率等具有非常重要的意义。     

Application of an ELISA Milk Pregnancy Test in Beef Cows

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental attachment. The IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Test (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) detects a subset of PAG in milk. Although designed as a management tool for dairy cows, there is potential for using the milk PAG test in beef cows. Our objective was to compare the performance of the milk PAG ELISA with a gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis and determine the agreement between milk and serum PAG analysis in lactating beef cows. Angus and Angus‐crossed cows (n = 332) from two Michigan beef herds were enrolled in this study. Cows were subjected either to timed artificial insemination followed by exposure to a bull or exclusively exposed to a bull. The bulls and cows were separated 30 days prior to examination. Serum and milk samples were collected and submitted within 24 h of collection to a commercial laboratory for PAG analysis using the IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Assay (milk) and the IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Assay (serum). Concurrently with milk and serum collection, each cow was examined transrectally by palpation or ultrasonography. When compared to transrectal examination, the performance (and 95% confidence intervals) of the milk PAG ELISA was sensitivity of 99.7% (99.0–100.0%) and specificity of 80.8% (65.6–95.9%). The lower specificity is likely due to the low prevalence (9.9%) of open cows (n = 30) in the herds examined. Of the 332 cows examined, 1.8% (n = 6) were classified as rechecks using the milk PAG ELISA. Results of the milk and serum PAG ELISA were in high agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.91). The milk PAG ELISA was accurate in predicting pregnancy status using milk collected from beef cattle between days 37 and 125 post‐insemination and may be useful for aiding management decisions in beef herds.     

Measurement of Ovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) During Early Pregnancy in Lacaune Sheep

This study describes ovine pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein (ovPAG) concentrations in 20 Lacaune sheep during early pregnancy. Measurements were performed by using semi‐purified ovPAG as standard, tracer and immunogens for antibody production in rabbits. Antisera R780 (against ovPAG_57+59kDa) and R805 (against ovPAG5_58+61kDa) were used respectively in RIA‐780 and RIA‐805. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 18, 20, 22 and 25 after artificial insemination. From day 18 after breeding onward, the mean ovPAG concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in plasma samples from pregnant ewes (n = 17) than in non‐pregnant ones (n = 3). The specific activity of the tracer was 11 760 Ci/mmol in RIA‐780 and 14 900 Ci/mmol in RIA‐805. The minimal detection limits for RIA‐780 and RIA‐805 were 0.2 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. The intra‐assay CV of samples with low (1.0 ng/ml), medium (2.5 ng/ml) and high (4.0 ng/ml) PAG concentrations were 3%, 6% and 9% for RIA‐780 and 8%, 9% and 5% for RIA‐805. The inter‐assay CV in the same samples were 13%, 12% and 7% for RIA‐780 and 13%, 11% and 5% for RIA‐805. The recovery was higher than 95% in both assays. No cross‐reaction was observed with members of aspartic proteinase family as well as with other tested proteins. In both RIA‐780 and RIA‐805, inhibition of the binding of the tracer by antisera was parallel between standard curve and serial dilutions of pregnant ewe samples. In conclusion, the two homologous RIA systems are suitable for early quantification of ovPAG concentrations in ewe plasma samples from day 18 after breeding.     

现场诊断奶牛早孕与发情的酶免疫分析法的改进

报道了一种建立并经改进的现场检测乳汁孕酮诊断奶牛早 和发情的酶免疫分析法，有准、早、易、安全等优点。     

基于N蛋白的牛冠状病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为建立牛冠状病毒(Bovine coronavirus,BCoV)抗体间接ELISA检测方法,对BCoV的N基因进行克隆,利用原核表达制备重组N蛋白,以纯化的重组N蛋白作为包被抗原,建立ELISA检测方法,并对随机收集的奶牛血清样本进行检测.结果显示,重组N蛋白大小为50 ku,经Western blot鉴定重组N蛋白...     

羊布氏菌病iiELISA抗体检测方法的建立及应用

建立了以布鲁氏菌脂多糖(LPS)为抗原,用于检测羊布鲁氏菌IgG抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(iELISA)方法,并对该方法的敏感性、特异性、重复性、稳定性、符合率进行了评价.结果表明,iELISA比SAT和RBPT的敏感性高60 ～ 150倍;该方法特异性强,可有效区分布鲁氏菌与大肠杆菌O157和都柏林沙门氏菌的IgG抗体,但尚无法与小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌O9的IgG抗体相区分;批间重复性试验和批内重复性试验变异系数分别为1.1％～9.8％,2.9％ ～9.8％,表明该方法具有良好的可重复性;保存期试验显示包被好的酶标板在4℃保存11个月,检测结果稳定.iELISA和RBPT检测385份来自不同地区的血清结果表明,阳性符合率为95.14％,阴性符合率为96.28％,对1932份临床血清样本的检测结果与RBPT比较,总符合率为91.7％,证明此方法可以应用于临床羊布鲁氏菌病的筛查.     

副猪嗜血杆菌抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

本试验采用121 ℃高压处理副猪嗜血杆菌4型和5型耐热蛋白,混合作为包被抗原,建立了检测副猪嗜血杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。通过对试验条件进行筛选优化,确定了最佳反应条件:抗原包被浓度为10 μg/mL,37 ℃包被2 h;封闭液选择含20 g/L脱脂奶粉的PBST,封闭30 min;血清的稀释度为1∶80;抗原抗体反应时间为45 min;酶标二抗稀释度为1∶12000,作用时间为30 min;底物显色时间为15 min。特异性、重复性和敏感性试验及对200份送检血清的检测结果表明,建立的间接ELISA方法特异性和重复性良好,敏感性比间接血凝试验高,对已知阴阳性血清的临床样本检测结果与国外ELISA试剂盒一致,可用于副猪嗜血杆菌的血清抗体检测和血清流行病学调查。     

牛副流感病毒3型抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与初步应用

旨在建立牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)抗体间接ELISA检测方法。克隆NP-HN截短串联基因并构建原核表达载体pET28a(+)-NP-HN,诱导纯化NP-HN重组蛋白作为包被抗原,优化ELISA反应条件,建立BPIV3抗体间接ELISA检测方法,进一步与病毒中和试验和进口ELISA试剂盒进行比较,应用本方法对270份临床血清样本进行了检测。结果表明,表达的NP-HN重组蛋白大小为44ku,具有良好的反应原性,建立的ELISA检测方法特异性强,与牛的主要呼吸道病原如牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒等均无交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数小于8%,与病毒中和试验和进口商品化ELISA试剂盒的总符合率分别为96.67%和98.89%。对采自山东、辽宁和天津的270份临床血清样本检测后总的阳性率为82.59%(223/270)。建立的BPIV3抗体间接ELISA方法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可应用于BPIV3的流行病学调查和抗体检测研究。     

牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在检疫工作中的应用

为评价牛γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法检测牛结核的效果及国产试剂盒的检测效果,本试验首先将国产试剂盒与Prionics试剂盒对42份相对阳性的样品和105份相对阴性的样品进行对比研究。然后对5个规模化牛场的3000头奶牛首先进行国产单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验,3天后选取皮内变态反应阳性和可疑及部分阴性牛共418头,进行牛γ-干扰素试验。结果国产试剂盒对阳性和阴性样品的检测敏感性和特异性分别为95.2%和100%,与Priobics试剂盒的符合率为99.3%。表明国产试剂盒与进口试剂盒的检测能力一致,牛γ-干扰素检测方法准确可靠。5个牛场的3000头奶牛单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验阳性为138头,可疑105头。γ-干扰素试验对418头奶牛的检测,其中阳性74头,与颈部皮内变态反应（可疑牛暂时视为阴性）的符合率为60.5%。     

Early Detection of Pregnancy and Embryonic Loss in Dairy Cattle by ELISA Tests

Over a 25-month period 8118 blood samples were assayed for the presence of the serum pregnancy specific-protein B (PSPB) and progesterone (P4) concentrations on three Hungarian large-scale dairy farms. Pregnancy (n = 4085) was checked by BioPRYN assay at 30-36 days post-insemination (PI). Samples from all cows that tested not pregnant and from cows with an optical density (OD) reading in the BioPRYN test that was between 0% and 30% above the cutoff OD value were tested for serum P4 concentration. According to serum P4 concentration, cows were assigned to three categories: high (>4 ng/ml), medium (2-4 ng/ml) and low (<2 ng/ml) serum progesterone. The authors predicted a presumed (low) or possible (medium) late embryonic loss (LEL) or maintenance of the pregnancy (high). A total of 710 LELs were detected (17.4%) and 31.8% of them were predicted because of a low OD value at 30-36 days after insemination. Lower PSPB serum level significantly refers for LEL (p < 0.0001). The prediction rate for the true embryonic loss was 31.8% when OD cutoff from 0% to + 30% of cutoff was examined while it was 62.5% when the threshold was OD cutoff of 0% to 10% of cutoff. The authors conclude that BioPRYN was useful for prediction of a part of LEL in dairy cows and serum P4 concentration in these cows related to the rate of LEL.     

猪伪狂犬病血清抗体gE-ELISA检测方法的建立

以纯化的猪伪狂犬病病毒gE蛋白为抗原建立了检测猪伪狂犬病血清抗体的间接gE-ELISA方法。最佳反应条件为，抗原包被浓度为1．7μg／mL，待检测血清1：40稀释。与伪狂犬病阳性血清反应为阳性，与猪瘟、猪细小病毒病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（猪蓝耳病）、猪乙型脑炎、猪布氏杆菌病5种疾病阳性血清和猪伪狂犬病gE缺失疫苗接种的猪免疫血清及SPF猪阴性血清均无交叉反应。批间、批内试验变异系数分别不超过5％和9％。用该方法与Ingezim ELISA试剂盒和HerdChek ELISA试剂盒同时对172份血清进行了平行检测，总符合率分别达93．6％和83．7％。试验结果表明：猪伪狂犬病血清抗体间接gE-ELISA检测方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性，且重复性好，可用于猪伪狂犬病野毒感染猪的血清抗体检测。     

猪伪狂犬病血清抗体gB-ELISA检测方法的建立

用纯化的猪伪狂犬病病毒gB重组蛋白为抗原,建立了检测猪伪狂犬病血清抗体的gB-ELISA方法。最佳反应条件为：抗原包被浓度为3.15μg/mL,待检血清稀释度为1∶40。该方法对猪圆环病毒病、猪瘟、猪细小病毒病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（猪蓝耳病）、猪乙型脑炎、猪布氏杆菌病5种疾病阳性血清和SPF猪阴性血清检测呈阴性反应。批间、批内试验变异系数均不超过8%。用该方法与HerdChek ELISA试剂盒同时对119份血清进行了平行检测,其相对敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为：75%、80.7%和79%。试验结果表明：猪伪狂犬病血清抗体gB-ELISA检测方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且重复性好,可用于猪伪狂犬病毒血清抗体检测。     

抗猪肺炎支原体IgA间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为了更准确地对猪肺炎支原体感染及免疫状况进行检测,作者拟建立抗猪肺炎支原体IgA间接ELISA检测方法.在比较了猪肺炎支原体全菌抗原和粘附因子P97R1原核表达蛋白后,选择后者作为包被抗原;以羊抗猪IgA为二抗,兔抗猪IgG-HRP作为酶标三抗,并分别对包被抗原的浓度、样品的孵育时间、二抗与三抗的最佳稀释度和作用时间以及显色液的作用时间作了优化.最终建立了稳定而特异的抗猪肺炎支原体IgA的间接ELISA检测方法.批间与批内试验结果证明该方法具有很好的稳定性.初步应用表明,该方法可用于猪肺炎支原体感染或免疫状态的临床监测.     

用血清酸滴定法对牛进行早期妊娠诊断的研究

采用血清酸滴定法对配种后16 d～45 d的1 008头不同品种的母牛进行了早期妊娠诊断研究,检出妊娠牛764头,未妊娠牛244头;与直肠检查结果对比,妊娠符合率为90.31%(690/764),未孕符合率为93.03%(227/244),总符合率为90.97%(917/1008).对3种不同品种牛试验结果经3组间及两组间卡方检验统计分析,无显著差异(P＞0.05).表明血清酸滴定法用于牛的早孕诊断具有诊断时间早、方法简便、结果准确等优点,宜于在基层推广.     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白主要抗原区的原核表达及其间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白主要抗原区基因,克隆入原核表达载体pET32a(+),转化大肠埃希菌BL21构建重组表达菌,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定目的蛋白得到成功表达。利用纯化的重组蛋白作为包被抗原,通过反应条件优化,建立了间接ELISA抗体检测方法。ELISA抗原最适包被浓度为0.5μg/mL(0.05μg/孔),最佳封闭液为5g/L BSA,待检血清最适稀释度为1∶100,作用时间为1h,酶标抗体最适稀释度为1∶2 000,最适作用时间为45min,室温显色10min。用该方法检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)阳性血清结果均为阴性;批内和批间重复试验变异系数分别<5%和<8%,表明本方法具有较好的特异性和重复性。应用△E2-ELISA对350份血清样品进行检测,阳性率为77.71%,高于IDEXX试剂盒检测阳性率(67.14%),与IDEXX试剂盒阳性符合率91.06%,阴性符合率50%,总符合率77.43%。表明本试验建立的间接ELISA方法适于临床CSFV血清抗体的检测。     

牛结核ELISA方法的改进和优化研究

在传统ELISA基础上，对ELISA板的稳定系统、血清稀释液的显色系统、ELISA底物等流程进行了改进，建立了牛结核ELISA方法。阻断试验和交叉反应结果表明该ELISA方法具有较好的特异性；不同人多次重复试验，证明本方法的重复性好。     

牛疱疹病毒糖蛋白D的结构特点及其在疫苗研发中的应用

来自牛疱疹病毒1和5型(BoHV-1和BoHV-5)的病毒囊膜糖蛋白D(gD)是病毒的主要组成成分,并且在疱疹病毒的致病机理中起到关键作用。gD对于病毒侵入细胞是必不可少的,是病毒感染细胞期间中和抗体的主要靶标。鉴于其在诱导保护性免疫方面的作用,已使用该糖蛋白作为主要抗原开发出亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和载体疫苗候选物,证明gD具有在宿主中诱导较强病毒中和抗体和细胞介导的免疫应答以及对宿主进行免疫保护的能力。论文着重介绍了BoHV-1、BoHV-5和一些人类疱疹病毒gD的结构和功能特征,阐述了gD与宿主免疫系统的反应及gD在新型疫苗设计中的应用,为全面了解gD结构特点及其在疫苗研发中的作用提供借鉴。     

鸭出血症病毒间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立快速检测鸭出血症病毒(DHDV)的血清学方法,本试验利用浓缩纯化的DHDV作为包被抗原,建立了检测DHDV血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,并对各种检测条件进行了优化。试验结果表明,抗原最佳稀释浓度为7.06 μg/孔;最佳包被条件为37 ℃ 1 h后,4 ℃包被过夜;待检血清的最佳稀释倍数为1:25。在优化条件下,阴阳性临界值判定标准为0.44。建立的ELISA方法对鸭瘟病毒、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒、雏番鸭细小病毒和番鸭呼肠孤病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应,结果表明该方法具有良好的特异性。批内和批间重复性试验的最大变异系数分别为0.0221、0.0032,显示该方法具有很好的稳定性,与血清中和试验的符合率为100%。该方法快速、简单、特异性好、重复性好,可用于大批量监测鸭群DHDV血清抗体感染情况。     

妊娠相关糖蛋白及其在反刍动物早期妊娠诊断中的应用

妊娠相关糖蛋白(pregnancy-associated glycoprotein,PAG)是由胎盘组织产生并释放到母体外周血液中的大分子蛋白,在妊娠过程中发挥着重要作用.目前,母畜妊娠早期诊断的研究多集中在对奶牛伤害小、准确性高、特异性强的间接检测方法上,如检测血液或乳汁中孕酮等激素,而近年来发展起来的对血液中PAG的检测就是一种主流的方法.作者现就PAG的功能、生化特性、母畜怀孕期间PAG的浓度变化及其在反刍动物早期妊娠诊断中的应用情况进行综述.