马齿苋的开发与利用

1 马齿苋的主要营养成份鲜全草含左旋去甲基肾上腺素、多巴明;茎叶部分含蛋白质、粗脂肪、糖类、钙、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素C等。此外,还含有ω-3脂肪酸,维生素E和β胡萝卜素,α-亚麻酸等。2 马齿苋的药用价值2.1 马齿苋茎叶、地上、地下部分都有药用价值。它富含的脂肪酸、维生素C、维生素E、亚麻酸等,使它具有治疗、调节、营养三大功能。这些功能作用人体机能多方面,便产生综合效应,祛病延年、去邪扶正。2.2 经多年医学研究证明,马齿苋性寒味酸,具有清热解毒,散血消肿之功能。对于治疗热痢脓血、热淋、血淋、带下、急性关节炎、痛肿恶疮、丹毒痹疠、毒蛇咬伤、蜂螫、水田皮炎等有显著效果。它的抑菌效果比同剂量氯霉素还强。近年来,民间常用于治疗痢疾和糖尿病。3 马齿苋的食用营养保健价值马齿苋的营养保健价值是独到的,也是     

浙江丽水不同产地马齿苋多糖含量测定与比较

收集了浙江丽水6个县（市、区）的马齿苋种源,在单因素考察的基础上,确定了马齿苋多糖的最佳回流提取工艺,然后采用硫酸-苯酚法在490 nm处测定不同地区马齿苋多糖的含量。结果表明：丽水6个县市区的马齿苋多糖含量差异性显著。     

马齿苋的开发利用

随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视饮食与健康的关系。野生植物马齿苋具有较高的营养价值，越来越受到人们的青睐。本文研究了马齿苋的利用价值、栽培技术和系列产品开发工艺，论述了马齿苋的良好开发前景。     

马齿苋的研究现状与综合开发利用

马齿苋是我国各地习见的野生植物,作为中药,马齿苋有清热解毒、凉血滑肠、健胃消积、消炎及利尿的功效.还具有较高的营养价值,被营养学家誉为21世纪最有发展前途的绿色食品之一.该文综述了马齿苋的形态学、资源分布和分类、生物学、化学成分、系列产品的开发.     

野生蔬菜马齿苋

野生蔬菜马齿苋钱振晗马齿苋（Ｐｏｒｔｕｌａｃａｏｌ－ｅｒａｃｅａＬ。）为马齿苋科植物，别名马齿菜，全国各地均有分布，常生于路旁、沟边、田间、园地等向阳处。马齿苋为一年生草本，茎匍匐生长，绿色或淡紫色，肥厚多汁，单叶互生或近对生，叶片闰质肥厚，长方形、...     

马齿苋栽培技术

马齿苋（PortulacaoleraceaL.），别名马齿菜、蚂蚱菜，为马齿苋科1年生草本植物。现代医学研究表明，马齿苋具有多种药用疗效，可治疗急性阑尾炎、钩虫病、百日咳、热淋、赤白带下等症，并对心脏病、糖尿病有一定疗效。同时马齿苋嫩茎叶又是人们喜食的野菜之一，它营养丰富、口感佳，可制成多种菜肴，味道鲜美可口。随着生活水平不断提高，食用药用兼备的马齿苋越来越受到人们的重视，市场开发前景日见广阔，实现人工栽培势在必行。1采集种子马齿苋种粒细小，呈黑色，千粒重约0.15g，黑龙江省中部6~8月份可进行采种，采种时应选择健壮植株…     

怡情宜景太阳花

太阳花又名半支莲、大花马齿苋、松叶牡丹,属马齿苋科马齿苋属一年生肉质草本花卉。原产南美巴西,我国各地均有栽培。     

马齿苋

马齿苋又叫长寿菜,是一种长在田间地头的常见野菜,一般茎为红褐色;叶片绿色、对生、肥厚,为长倒卵形,因为样子像马齿而得名。马齿苋分布于全世界温热带地区,在我国分布很广,名称也各不相同,如马齿菜、马蛇子菜、蚂蚱菜、马舌菜、马齿草、马齿龙、酸苋、地马菜、五行草等。马齿苋适应性非常强,既耐旱又耐涝,无论光照条件好坏,土壤肥沃、贫瘠,马齿苋都能生长。野     

马齿苋软罐头加工技术

马齿苋 (PortulacaoleraceaL .)为马齿苋科植物 ,别名马蛇菜、马齿菜、长命菜、五方草等 ,生于田野、荒芜地及路旁 ,我国大部地区都有分布。夏秋两季当茎叶茂盛时采收 ,割取全草。马齿苋全草含右旋去甲肾上腺素 ,多巴明焦性儿茶酚及少量的多巴 -T丙氨酸 ,维生素A样物质 ,维生素     

马齿苋保健饮料的研制

利用马齿苋浓缩汁为原料，添加栀子提取液，生产出马齿苋保健饮料，经分离、冷冻等工艺处理，克服了产品的混浊、沉淀等问题，产品清澈透明，色泽呈天然的淡黄色，酸甜适口，营养丰富并具保健功能。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.