发展畜牧业合作经济积极参与国际竞争

合作经济是市场经济发展的必然产物。在世界经济一体化，我国加入WTO的今天，培育内蒙古畜牧业合作经济组织，能够提高广大牧民的组织化、社会化程度，顺利解决“三牧”问题，从而提高内蒙古畜牧业的国际竞争力。     

首届(2019)中国草牧业发展论坛暨2019中国(内蒙古)国际畜牧业机械博览会在内蒙古赤峰市隆重召开

<正>2019年7月5—7日,由中国畜牧业协会、内蒙古农牧机械工业协会联合主办的首届(2019)中国草牧业发展论坛暨2019中国(内蒙古)国际畜牧业机械博览会在"中华玉龙之乡"内蒙古赤峰市隆重召开,赤峰市人民政府汪国森副市长,全国畜牧总站贠旭江副站长,内蒙古自治区农牧厅赵永华副厅长,中国畜牧业协会李希荣会长,内蒙古农牧厅农村牧区合作经济指导处王建江处长,内蒙古农牧厅农机局郭跃副局长,内蒙古农牧厅     

开创"十五"内蒙古畜牧业发展新局面

今后5～10年,是我国经济和社会发展的重要时期,笔者回顾和总结了内蒙古"九五"计划执行情况,客观评价了内蒙古畜牧业的发展状况,并提出"十五"期间的全区畜牧业发展奋斗目标及工作思路,即继续深化牧区改革,全面完善草原"双权一制"政策;以国家西部大开发为契机,深入贯彻"双增双提"可持续发展战略,进一步加强草原建设,保护和改善生态环境;以畜牧业"种子工程"建设为突破口,全力推进科技兴牧,提高畜牧业经济效益;以市场为导向,以资源为依托,积极调整优化畜牧业产业结构,转变畜牧业增长方式;继续推动农区畜牧业向纵深发展.     

积极调整优化内蒙古畜牧业结构迎接"入世"挑战

分析了内蒙古畜牧业及畜产品生产现状和宏观环境以及加入世贸后内蒙古畜牧业发展的利弊,提出了应对入世挑战的具体措施调整优化畜牧业产业结构,改善基础条件和生产管理水平,提高畜产品质量;以畜牧业"种子工程"为重点,以高新技术为手段,全面提高畜牧业科技含量和生产效益;积极开拓畜产品市场,促进畜牧业商品生产和产业化经营;全面加强兽医卫生工作,提高动物防疫水平,确保畜牧业健康发展和畜产品的安全卫生;加强基础设备建设,改善畜牧业发展条件.     

内蒙古牧区合作经济发展中的问题和对策

“八五”期间是内蒙古畜牧业经济快速发展的时期，也是牧区合作经济自我发展，不断完善的时期，合作经济业已成为内蒙古牧区经济发展的主要经济形式之一，在牧区经济发展中占有主导地位。据对内蒙古牧区462个苏木，3452个嘎查的调查，“八五”末期，内蒙古牧区合作经济可分配总收入已达39．5亿元，其中，畜牧业收入占59％；牧民出售各类产品的综合商品率达到672％；第一产业的商品率达64．5％。“八五”期间，牧区合作经济的发展虽达到一定水平，但仍存在着地区间、产业间及牧民收入发展的不平衡问题。生产基础薄弱，投入资金短缺，效益不佳…     

铁岭市畜牧业合作经济组织发展情况调研报告

为掌握铁岭市畜牧业专业合作经济组织的发展情况,了解典型畜牧业合作经济组织运行机制,发现畜牧业专业合作经济组织运行过程中存在的问题,探索出适合铁岭市的畜牧业专业合作经济组织运行机制,近年铁岭市深入了解畜牧业专业合作经济组织,加快发展畜牧业专业合作经济组织.笔者针对铁岭市畜牧业合作经济组织广泛调研后完成此文,供业内人士学习、交流.     

阿坝州畜牧业专合组织发展现状及建议

畜牧专业合作经济组织,是农牧民自愿参加的,实行资金、技术、采购、生产、加工、销售等互助合作的经济组织.在推进农牧业产业化进程中,专业合作组织有着不可替代的重要作用.根据国家"十二五"提出的要求,强化畜牧业专业合作社组织,培育壮大现代畜牧业新型经营主体,发展农村畜牧业专合组织是建设现代畜牧业,加快农村经济发展,建设社会主义新农村及小康社会的有效途径.     

对当前发展内蒙古畜牧业的几点思考

如何按照内蒙古经济社会发展的总体目标和要求,重塑畜牧业基础地位,创造发展新优势;如何通过发展畜牧业,改善国民经济发展的内在比例关系,使内蒙古人民生活水平提高和社会全面协调发展,通过这一基础产业的发展达到协调推进,这对于内蒙古来说是长期的战略性任务.笔者围绕内蒙古畜牧业发展新阶段中存在的问题、加入WTO后面临的形势以及如何全面提升内蒙古畜牧业综合竞争力,提出了内蒙古畜牧业健康、可持续发展的思路和建议.     

内蒙古现代畜牧业发展存在的问题与对策

改革开放以来,我国畜牧业有了很大发展,畜牧业已发展成为农业和农村经济的重要支柱产业,但与种植业相比,其现代化程度还很低。进入20世纪80年代后,畜牧业现代化发展的步伐加快,尤其是社会主义市场经济的建立,使得竞争日益激烈,必须降低生产成本,科学饲养,才能提高经济效益,才能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,因此发展现代畜牧业已刻不容缓。分析了畜牧业在内蒙古农牧业发展中的重要地位,指出发展畜牧业,政策是关键,投入是保障,科技是根本出路。同时认为现代畜牧业发展是确保农畜产品安全的基础支撑,是突破资源环境约束的必然选择,具有显著的公共性、基础性、社会性。但从整体来看,内蒙古依然存在畜牧业产值占第一产业总产值的比重较低、草原退化和沙化严重、农牧民专业合作组织还需完善、科技服务支撑体系不健全、市场化程度不高、环境污染严重等一系列问题。结合内蒙古实际,提出了内蒙古现代畜牧业发展的对策与建议。     

提高荒漠草原区畜牧业系统生产力综合试验简报

提高荒漠草原区畜牧业系统生产力综合试验是从内蒙古0.87亿hm2草原出发,针对内蒙古荒漠草原区畜牧业生产中存在的问题,在达茂旗巴音塔拉牧场开展的一项在生态上谋求平衡,技术上谋求适用有效,经济上谋求投资省、见效快、效益高的整体性研究.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.