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微波法是提取竹叶黄酮的最有效的方法之一,其中叶片采集时间、乙醇浓度、料液比和提取时间是影响竹叶总黄酮量的重要因素,本试验利用田口方法对这4个因素及水平进行了分析和优化设计,4因素对青竹竹叶总黄酮量影响从大到小依次是料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间和叶片采集时间,青竹最佳的提取工艺,即以6月采集叶片,料液比为1:30,60%的乙醇浓度,提取时间为6min,得到的总黄酮量为2.65%。 相似文献
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比较研究了热提取、超声波提取、微波提取3种不同工艺对栀子黄色素提取效果的影响.热浸提正交试验的最佳工艺条件:70%的乙醇(体积分数,下同)提取1.5 h,提取温度30 ℃,料液比1:25(g:mL,下同),产品的色价为66.45.超声波提取正交试验的最佳工艺条件:80%的乙醇提取20 min,料液比1:20,产品的色价为87.77.微波提取单因素试验的最佳工艺条件:提取功率800 W,用50%乙醇提取30 min,提取温度50 ℃,料液比1:5,色价为64.14.结果表明:热浸提、超声波提取、微波提取3种方法提取栀子黄色素的色价明显不同,超声波提取的效果最好. 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2018,(5)
采用超声波-微波辅助法优化杜仲叶中总多酚提取工艺,并考察其抗氧化活性。通过Plackett-Burman试验考察了乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率、微波处理时间、超声波功率和超声波处理时间6个因素对杜仲叶总多酚提取效果的影响,筛选得到乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率和超声波处理时间4个显著影响因素,在此基础上,通过最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验得到最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数为46%,料液比为1∶20.70(g∶mL),微波功率为154 W,微波处理时间140 s,超声波功率350 W,超声波处理时间为31 min。在此条件下提取2次总多酚得率达8.491%,与传统溶剂提取法相比,总多酚得率提高33.57%。利用最优工艺得到总多酚提取物,其体外抗氧化试验表明:杜仲叶总多酚提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、2,2-联氮-二-3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸自由基(ABTS·)和羟基自由基(·OH)均有较强的清除能力,其半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为31.21、24.50和311.8 mg/L,抗氧化活性与BHT相当,低于Vc。 相似文献
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比较研究了热提取、超声波提取、微波提取3种不同工艺对栀子黄色素提取效果的影响。热浸提正交试验的最佳工艺条件:70%的乙醇(体积分数,下同)提取1.5h,提取温度30℃,料液比1:25(g:mL,下同),产品的色价为66.45。超声波提取正交试验的最佳工艺条件:80%的乙醇提取20min,料液比1:20,产品的色价为87.77。微波提取单因素试验的最佳工艺条件:提取功率800W,用50%乙醇提取30min,提取温度50℃,料液比1:5,色价为64.14。结果表明:热浸提、超声波提取、微波提取3种方法提取栀子黄色素的色价明显不同,超声波提取的效果最好。 相似文献
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油茶籽多酚微波辅助提取响应面法的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多酚是油茶籽中重要的活性成分。研究其组成、提取工艺和活性,对于优质茶油的生产具有重要意义。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法就微波辅助提取油茶籽多酚进行了优化试验,优化了提取工艺参数。结果表明:微波功率、微波提取时间、料液比这3个因素对油茶籽多酚提取效果的影响均达到了显著水平;微波功率与微波提取时间、微波功率与料液比、微波提取时间与料液比之间的交互作用显著。利用DesignExpert7.1软件分析得出的油茶籽微波提取的最佳工艺参数为:微波功率,800W;提取时间,35s;料液比为1︰16。在此条件下,用回归模型预测的油茶籽多酚的提取量为19.60mg·g-1,实际测得值为19.02mg·g-1,相对误差为3%。与传统溶剂提取法相比,微波提取法具有时间短、效果好的特点。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献