白萝卜纯度鉴定的SSR分子标记筛选与鉴定

当前萝卜商品种繁多,各类品种鱼龙混杂、参差不齐,因此开发鉴定萝卜品种的SSR分子标记对萝卜商品种鉴定是一项非常重要的工作。本研究分别以白萝卜商业品种‘夏抗40天’及其父母亲本为实验材料,通过SSR重复片段的选择、筛选和鉴定,从115对SSR引物,最终确定3对引物在白萝卜商业品种‘夏抗40天’及其父母亲本中呈共显性关系,此3对引物对白萝卜商业品种‘夏抗40天’纯度的鉴定准确性与田间性状一致。新的SSR分子标记的开发可以更好的适应对新的萝卜商品种及其纯度的鉴定,同时也为分子标记辅助育种在萝卜育种研究中开展应用提供参考。     

大白菜抗根肿病近等基因系的选育及其评价

本研究以具有抗根肿病基因CRb的大白菜‘CR Shinki DH’系为供体亲本,大白菜自交系‘91-12B’为轮回亲本,通过回交和4个阶段的分子标记辅助选择,选育出7个携带CRb基因的抗根肿病近等基因系.通过CRb基因所在大白菜A3染色体的分子标记检测和抗病性鉴定,筛选出抗根肿病、并插入有供体亲本最短染色体片段的3个近等基因系B1S1、B2S2和B3S1.表型分析表明这3个近等基因系的结球相关性状与轮回亲本无显著差异,而且保持了‘91-12B’的配合力.所选育的近等基因系不仅能应用于育种实践,也为通过转录组分析研究根肿病的抗病机理提供了材料.     

甜瓜果肉颜色遗传分析及相关分子标记的开发

甜瓜果肉颜色是影响消费者选择的重要果实品质性状之一。为了研究甜瓜果肉颜色性状的遗传规律,以‘库克拜热’(绿肉)与‘西州蜜’(橙肉)构建BC1群体,‘库克拜热’与‘皇后’(橙肉)构建F2群体,利用集群分离分析(bulked segregation analysis, BSA)与简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats, SSR)分子标记相结合的方法,明确了在上述甜瓜品种中,果肉颜色受两个基因的调控,其中橙色果肉控制基因gf对白色果肉控制基因wf具有显性上位作用,绿色对白色为隐性。本研究同时开发出相应的多态性分子标记,其中分子标记SSR2021、SSR2103与gf紧密连锁,分子标记SSR2956、SSR2980与wf紧密连锁,可用于区分橙色、白色和绿色果肉甜瓜。本研究为不同果肉颜色甜瓜的选育提供一定的理论基础和技术支持。     

分子标记在大白菜遗传育种中的应用

大白菜是我国起源的特产蔬菜,利用分子辅助育种手段进行大白菜遗传育种越来越受到育种家的关注。本文对已构建的二十多张大白菜遗传图谱和白菜类蔬菜间的亲缘关系进行了分析,同时也从芜菁花叶病毒病等抗病分子标记、春化、抽薹和雄性不育相关的分子标记、其它农艺性状标记及种子纯度鉴定等方面阐述了分子标记技术在大白菜遗传育种中的应用。分子标记整合、比较与国际接轨及试验材料的选择都可能成为分子标记今后的研究方向。     

结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var. capitata)迟抽薹基因SCAR标记转CAPS标记

为了更加精确结球甘蓝迟抽薹基因标记。本研究以结球甘蓝冬性强的迟抽薹材料‘P02’和冬性弱的易抽薹材料‘A21’杂交得F1代,F1代自交至F3代为试验材料,并以课题组所设计的特定序列扩增(sequence characterized amplified regions, SCAR)标记的SCN1/248为引物。在F3代的785株结球甘蓝中有711株扩增出目的条带,有74株未能扩增出目的条带。经测序,该序列长度为248 bp,运用该序列共设计3对酶切扩增多态性序列(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, CAPS)引物,其中1对引物均扩增出目的条带,多态性消失,另外两对分别命名为SC01和SC02。结合田间127株结球甘蓝抽薹性状调查,有65株表现为迟抽薹,59株表现为易抽薹,3株表现为中间型,与SCAR扩增检测结果基本一致,将SCAR标记转换成CAPS标记,建立CAPS标记体系。本研究进一步精化了分子标记辅助选择,为做精确定位功能基因,选育优良的迟抽薹结球甘蓝品种提供了理论依据。     

羽衣甘蓝"冬春"系列新品种(上)

羽衣甘蓝,学名Brassica oleracea Var.acephala D.C.,是十字花科芸薹属甘蓝种中的一个变种。现在看到的少量羽衣甘蓝多是国外引进的杂种一代,品种大都耐冻性差、抽薹早(如‘名古屋’等品种耐最低气温-2℃--3℃冰冻,2月上旬前显蕾抽薹),种类也不够丰富,适宜种植的区域仅限于长江以南较温暖的浙江、湖南等省的中南部地区。笔者因地制宜经过多年的育种试验,终于选育出国内首批耐冻性强、晚抽薹(如‘冬春1号’、‘冬春2号’、‘冬春3号’、‘冬春4号’等品种耐最低气温达-6℃--10℃冰冻,3月上中旬显蕾抽薹),观赏性优和种类丰富的“冬春”系列…     

利用重组自交系定位水稻种子耐低温发芽QTL

具有强耐低温发芽直播稻的种子可以克服低温胁迫导致的发育迟缓,保证幼苗旺盛生长。水稻种子耐低温发芽是多基因控制的复杂数量性状,遗传力低,导致育种家对该性状直接选择的效率很低。耐低温发芽QTL定位研究,有助于开展分子标记辅助选择,提高选择效率。本研究发现,江苏省优质粳稻品种‘南粳46’与云南地方品种‘扎西玛’低温发芽率存在极显著差异。利用‘扎西玛’/‘南粳46’RIL群体定位了3个控制低温发芽的QTL (q LTG-2, qLTG-4和qLTG-7),分别位于第2、4和7染色体上。3个QTL分别可以解释7.69%、8.75%和22.93%表型变异。其中,qLTG-2所在的染色体区域未见报道QTL,是新的QTL位点。该结果为耐低温发芽分子标记辅助选择育种提供了材料基础和分子标记。     

‘福春1号’大白菜一代杂种纯度的SRAP鉴定

‘福春1号’大白菜是福州市蔬菜科学研究所选育的晚抽薹春白菜新品种。为鉴定该品种的纯度,利用80对SRAP引物组合对‘福春1号’及其亲本混合池DNA模板进行扩增,筛选出杂交种具有亲本互补特征带的引物组合,并利用该组合对田间栽培的‘福春1号’大白菜幼苗进行纯度检测。本研究最终筛选出引物组合M2+E4,其对杂交种扩增产生亲本互补的特征带,可将亲本和杂交种有效区分。利用这对SRAP引物组合对102株‘福春1号’大白菜幼苗进行纯度检测,检测纯度为94.12%。SRAP标记鉴定结果与田间调查结果基本一致。SRAP分子标记技术可用于‘福春1号’大白菜的纯度鉴定。     

结球甘蓝抽薹开花时间性状的 QTL 定位及分析

在已构建的结球甘蓝AFLP、SSR和SRAP标记高密度遗传图谱的基础上,运用MapQTL 4．0软件对结球甘蓝F2群体抽薹、开花时间两性状分别进行QTL定位和分析。最终检测到2个控制甘蓝抽薹时间性状的QTL（ qbt-3-2、qbt-9-1）,以及一个同开花时间性状相关的QTL（qft-9-1）,分别位于连锁群LG3与LG9上,这3个QTL均为增效位点,共解释甘蓝抽薹、开花时间性状变异的17．5％,22．7％;同时得到与QTLs共分离的2个分子标记E46 M52-5、me26-em13-1,均可作为辅助选育甘蓝耐抽薹品种的标记使用,这将为结球甘蓝耐抽薹品种的选育提供理论依据。     

陆地棉耐盐相关EST-SSR以及EST-InDel分子标记的开发

随着棉花基因组学、转录组学等重要学科的快速发展,针对候选基因进行序列多样性分析,开发基于候选基因的分子标记,将能够极大推进棉花分子育种研究。本研究利用高通量的测序技术对耐盐陆地棉品种Miscott 7913-83和盐敏感品种苏棉12盐胁迫前后根、叶总RNA的混样进行了转录组测序,对不同盐处理时期Miscott 7913-83和苏12根和叶分别进行表达谱分析。获得3232条盐胁迫下差异表达基因;基于差异表达基因利用生物信息学手段大规模开发了SSR以及In Del等分子标记;随机选择了部分SSR及In Del引物进行验证,进一步证实了分子标记的准确性。本研究为快速开发陆地棉品种间多态性分子标记提供了高效可行的分析方法,通过开发陆地棉耐盐相关功能标记,以期用于分子标记辅助育种改良陆地棉耐盐性。     

民企老板十年民告官的"精神胜诉"--访河南省某县种子广场总经理张书智

在河南省某县种子广场,张书智在自家种子门市部里办起了"普法超市".房间里两架一人多高的书柜中,摆满了有关法律书报杂志,有 3000多册书、 1O00多份杂志.凡是到这里的农民均可享受免费法律咨询、协助起草法律文书、借阅书报杂志等服务."普法超市"开办两个多月,接待了来自四面八方的"顾客" 800余人次,收到全国各地的咨询信函 500多封,他们所遇到法律方面的困惑和难题均得到满意的解答.     

Controlled pollination transfer of a nuclear male-sterile gene from a diploid to a tetraploid watermelon line

Summary A recessive male-sterility (ms) gene was transferred from a diploid to a tetraploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) line through a series of controlled pollinations. Progeny testing and morphological characteristics confirmed the development of tetraploid lines containing the ms gene. The possible use of this gene transfer system in the improvement of tetraploid watermelon cultivars and the use of male-sterile tetraploids in the production of seedless triploid watermelons is discussed.     

Prediction of the Line Value of a Genotype from a Top Cross with a Single Cross Hybrid

With the assumption of biallelism it is shown that differences in line values of genotypes from a random mating population can be predicted by the differences of values in top cross progenies with a heterozygous tester. This prediction is also valid in the case of multiallelism with a constant degree of dominance for each pair of alleles and if the tester is heterozygous for the more “distant” alleles. With an arbitrary tester, the efficiency of the prediction is affected by the proportion of the loci which are heterozygous for the more distant alleles. However, with the assumptions considered on multiallelism, with partial to complete dominance, the correlation between line value and combining ability with the tester is expected to be high for a large range of the repartition ot the loci. A two tester top cross design using highly complementary lines, could also be used.     

Radon anomaly as a possible precursor of a submarine earthquake

In the framework of investigating the ventilation of deep-sea basins in the Indonesian archipelago, ²²²Rn was determined in near bottom water samples. In one of these basins, the Halmahera Basin, excess ²²²Rn concentration and the related standing crop was unexpectedly high. At this station excess Radon has an almost uniform concentration of about 2 dpm·kg⁻¹ up to 120 meters above the bottom. In this paper the possibility is discussed that the high standing crop in this basin is connected with three submarine earthquakes with a magnitude of resp. 4.4, 5.4 and 5.9 mb that took place four days after we took the samples, possibly in combination with submarine faults, which are typical for the Indonesian archipelago. The epicentres were within 100 km from the station. All over the world variations in ²²²Rn concentrations have been observed prior to earthquakes (up to 500 km from the epicentre). This can be regarded as an important non-seismic precursor to earthquakes, but it has to our knowledge never been observed in deep-sea basins.     

Immobilization of heavy metals in a polluted soil of a sewage farm by application of a modified aluminosilicate: a laboratory and numerical displacement study

The efficiency of the modified alumino-silicate “Berengite” to fix heavy metals in contaminated soils was studied using a soil from a former sewage disposal site with high loads of Zn and Cd. The immobilization effects for different additions of Berengite were described on the laboratory scale with the cation exchange capacity and a two component Freundlich sorption isotherm. Long term displacement of Cd and Zn were calculated with a numerical simulation model. The simulation studies show a rather high immobilization of Zn and Cd in the solid phase for the next 80 years. Far more Berengite is required for the fixation of Cd than for Zn.     

Solanum scabrum—a potential source of a coloring plant extract

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of Solanum scabrum to provide a colorant for food. We conducted a field trial with eight accessions from four different sources and recorded both morphological variability and fruit yield differences between accessions. Further, anthocyanin and glucoalkaloid concentrations were determined. The accessions could be assigned to two distinct groups: a leafy vegetable type with toxic fruits used in Africa and a berry type with edible fruits known as Garden Huckleberry in North America, but both types had edible leaves with low glucoalkaloid concentrations. The leafy vegetable type set not much fruit. In contrast, the berry type yielded on average 800–900 g berries per plant with remarkable high anthocyanin concentrations of 8.1–13.9 g kg⁻¹ fresh weight, calculated as petunidin 3-p-(coumaryl-runtinoside)-5-glucoside. Thus, S. scabrum can serve as a source for natural anthocyanin pigments. In particular, two accessions with a high fruit yield were promising candidates as a berry crop. One had the best anthocyanin concentration of the examined material and the other one had a low percentage of unripe berries as a further advantage.     

Economic Impact of a Port on a Regional Economy: Note

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to identify and adjust for several shortcomings of previous port impact studies in the estimation of primary port economic impact. These shortcomings are found to create the potential for both positive and negative bias. Also presented in this paper is a technique for circumventing several practical problems in the estimation of secondary economic impact. These adjustments are applied to estimate the economic impact of the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia.     

A mutant of a mutant of a mutant of a...: Irradiation of progressive radiation-induced mutants in a mutation-breeding programme with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram.

Summary Radiation-induced sports in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. have been reported for several years. It has become an everyday practice to produce flower-colour mutants from outstanding cross-breeding products, even before they are distributed for the commercial production of cut flowers.One of the most successful and recent examples is that of cv. Horim, of which hundreds of mutants were produced by successive use of radiation-induced mutants in the mutation-breeding programme. Over about 4 years a variety of flower-colour mutants was obtained, not only largely including the outstanding characteristics of the original cultivar but sometimes even with an appreciable improvement in quality and yield. It is expected that the latter types, the Miros group, will soon completely supersede the spontaneous or radiation-induced Horim sports and mutants and take over the leading position of the Horim group in the production of all-year-round (AYR) cut flowers.     

The breeding of a winter rye variety with a good eelworm-resistance

Summary Some local varieties of winter rye possess a good eelworm-resistance but have too weak a straw and produce an insufficient quantity of seed on healthy soil or on fields which are slightly infested.On the farm Heertveld, belonging to the C.I.V. Breeding Station, a rye variety has been developed from a cross between Ottersum rye and Petkus winter rye, and it showed a good resistance to the stem eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci). The new variety which was included in the Dutch List of Varieties of 1953, distinguished itself by a rapid and good soil coverage and strikingly stiff straw.On investigation by the I.P.O. it was established (after artificial inoculation) that 25% of the plants of Heertveld rye were not affected, 50% were slightly damaged and 25% were heavily attacked. However, in the field it shows a good resistance, due to a good recovery.At the Breeding Station selection for eelworm resistance and also for other desirable features is continued and at present such progress has been made that the Heertveld rye now approaches the production capacity of Petkus.