基于Web的新型农村合作医疗管理信息系统的研究

建立新型农村合作医疗制度是帮助农民抵御重大疾病风险,加快农村卫生信息化建设的有效措施。结合我国新型农村医疗"低水平、广覆盖"的特点,采用分布式数据结构模式的体系结构,借助通用关系型数据库,实现基于Web的新型农村合作医疗管理信息系统,可把农村数量众多参差不齐的软硬件环境完美成为数据统一、管理集中、高效低成本的综合管理信息系统。     

凉凉隔热胶在液化气储罐上的应用

夏季，液化气储罐外表面需采用喷淋水降温，该方法不仅消耗大量的工业水和电能，而且使罐体表面防腐层和金属本体腐蚀严重。为了解决这一难题，在１０座１００ｍ＾３卧式液化气储罐上试用了上海大通研究所生产的ＤＴ－２２型凉凉隔热胶，该产品可直接涂覆于储罐的外表面，从而达到隔热降温的效果。凉凉隔热胶与红丹防锈漆相比，其抗化学性能好、防锈性能极佳、耐磨性好、附着力强，涂覆在液化气储罐上，取消了夏季的喷淋水降温，省去     

采运系统费用分析计算

考虑投资时间增值因素,研究了采运设备系统成本和适宜更新期的理论计算方法,并进行了实例分析和计算。这对提高采运企业生产效率、降低生产成本和提高企业的管理水平极为重要,也是决定一个企业胜负的关键。采运机械生产成本由固定费用和运用费两大部份构成。固定费有折旧费,投资利息、税收和保险;运用费有维修费,油料费,轮胎费和劳动工资。 采运设备适宜更新期为设备在使用时间里,其费用最小的使用时期。理论分析证明:当下年度设备运用费现值大于或等于该期总费用现值时,此时为设备适宜更新期。     

Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef-associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled-up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral-dominated ecosystems is to be avoided.     

杏毛球蚧产卵量预测预报中的曲线拟合法

杏毛球蚧是绣线菊等园林花卉的重要害虫 ,其产卵多、繁殖强、危害重 ,准确测报发生量 ,是对其防治成败的关键之一。1999年 4～ 6月通过对杏毛球蚧产卵末期虫体重 (x1 )、体长 (x2 )及产卵量 (x3)的测定 ,用计算机软件拟合实际观测值得出了其产卵量与体重的最佳相关方程式为 :^Y =-118880 83 .464 3X3+143 0 488.5 472X2 +610 0 9.45 3 3X +15 .2 0 89,r =0 .9694(r0 .0 1 =0 .4969)。达极显著水平 ,经应用与实际符合     

石质边坡乔灌草组合的适宜密度

为筛选适宜贵州喀斯特岩溶地区的乔灌草混播密度,加快人工建植后边坡植被的演替速度,于2014年5—12月在贵州大学实验农场苗圃地采用人工模拟边坡的试验,研究石质边坡初播物种的适宜密度。结果表明:1)乔灌木的萌发率受自身的播种量影响较小,而受草本植物播种量与二者的交互作用影响较大,5g/m~2的低密度草本植物播种量下乔灌木的萌发率最高;2)仅中、高密度乔灌木+低密度草本植物组合的幼苗株数能保持3~4株/m~2,其余组合的幼苗株数仅为1株/m~2或0株/m~2;3)从不同密度组合的乔灌草植株生长情况看,乔灌木的播种量及乔灌草播种密度间的交互作用仅对乔灌木的高度产生影响,草本植物的播种量对乔灌木的高度与草本植物的盖度影响较大;4)从植物的生长效果及节约播种成本方面考虑,B2H1(刺槐102粒/m~2+马棘102粒/m~2+火棘102粒/m~2+黑麦草1g/m~2+高羊茅1g/m~2+狗牙根1g/m~2+白三叶1g/m~2+苜蓿1g/m~2)组合作为边坡初播物种参考密度较为合适。     

Electronic spin storage in an electrically readable nuclear spin memory with a lifetime >100 seconds

Electron spins are strong candidates with which to implement spintronics because they are both mobile and able to be manipulated. The relatively short lifetimes of electron spins, however, present a problem for the long-term storage of spin information. We demonstrated an ensemble nuclear spin memory in phosphorous-doped silicon, which can be read out electrically and has a lifetime exceeding 100 seconds. The electronic spin information can be mapped onto and stored in the nuclear spin of the phosphorus donors, and the nuclear spins can then be repetitively read out electrically for time periods that exceed the electron spin lifetime. We discuss how this memory can be used in conjunction with other silicon spintronic devices.     

Fallout Dosages at Washington,D.C

It has been assumed that the fission product conglomerate emits one gamma ray per beta particle throughout its lifetime. The fallout velocities are not accurately known, and in some cases the detonation and response times have been approximated. For these reasons, the dosages reported in this paper can be accurate in order of magnitude only. With these reservations, an infinity dose of 0.2 roentgen or less due to all explosions between January 1951 and May 1955 is reported for Washington, D.C. Therefore, it is probable that the total fallout from all weapons tests that have so far been conducted will produce only a fraction of the lifetime dosage due to natural radioactivity and cosmic radiation (6). Most of the dosage comes from the Nevada tests, and only a small part from the Pacific thermonuclear tests (7). Fission products contained in that part of the cloud of a thermonuclear explosion which extends above the level of precipitation is found to contribute only very slightly to the dosage at great distances. No analysis was carried out for air activity data taken at other locations, but their qualitative similarity to those taken in Washington suggests that infinity doses in most other locations in the northern hemisphere will not be greatly different. Present results are in essential agreement with two other measurements that have been reported. Eisenbud and Harley (8) have measured fallout deposited on gummed papers (9) at various locations in the United States and have found an average dose of 0.001 roentgen per year. Stewart, Crooks, and Fisher (10) have measured the activity of air, rainwater, and ground deposits in England and report an infinity dose of 0.055 roentgen. This somewhat lower figure may result from their greater distance from Nevada, which appears to be the source of most of the fallout in the United States. The authors wish to thank Dr. H. Friedman and Dr. L. B. Lockhart for their continued support and for many helpful discussions.     

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 and the human immunodeficiency virus in West Africa

A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-4) was recently described in healthy people from Senegal. This virus has many properties in common with members of the human T-lymphotropic viruses, particularly the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but does not appear to be associated with immunodeficiency-related disorders. In the present study, serum samples were obtained from 4248 individuals from six West African countries, including Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Ivory Coast. These samples, collected during 1985-1987, were from people categorized as healthy control, sexually active risk, and disease populations. All samples were analyzed for reactivity to HTLV-4 and HIV by radioimmunoprecipitation-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Evidence for HTLV-4 infection was found in five of the six countries. The seroprevalence varied markedly from country to country. Healthy sexually active individuals in the risk category had the highest levels of HTLV-4 infection compared to individuals in the healthy control category and the disease category, the latter including AIDS patients. The seroprevalence of HIV infection in most of these countries was quite low, although tightly associated with the rare cases of AIDS. The biology of HTLV-4 infection thus differs from that of HIV in Central Africa or the United States and Europe. The presence of these viruses and their different pathogenicities in several countries of West Africa indicate the necessity for serologic assays that will distinguish between them. Further studies of their origin and distribution as well as of their biology will be important in advancing our understanding of AIDS.     

Medicine: meritorious or meretricious

In spite of remarkable advances in medical therapy and in the development of fantastic diagnostic devices, American society appears increasingly disenchanted with the physician. The paradox can be explained by the high cost of medical care, the overselling of medicine's capabilities, the expectation that the physician will be both ultrascientific and as emphathic as yesterday's doctor, and little recognition that the curing of one illness in the elderly exposes this group to other disease. Finally, though the physician is trained to manage illnesses, he is also given the excessively broad task of improving personal and societal practices disadvantageous to health.     

Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys

Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.     

图像辅助流式细胞仪在鲫鱼血细胞分析中的应用

[目的]探讨图像辅助流式细胞仪在鲫鱼血细胞分析中的应用。[方法]将图像辅助流式细胞仪引入鲫鱼血细胞分类计数分析,并进一步用于急性铜离子胁迫对鲫鱼血细胞影响的机制探讨。[结果]多维全景分析仪独有的图像辨识功能较好地解决了有核红细胞对不同类群细胞分群设门分析的干扰,测量鲫鱼白细胞类群占比为1.18%~1.43%,与同类研究结果一致;120 mg/L铜离子急性刺激能够导致鲫鱼白细胞计数下降,并提示细胞水肿是铜离子的一种急性毒性效应。[结论]该研究建立了一种适用于含有核红细胞样本的操作简便、自动化程度较高的血细胞分群分析方法,可为同类研究提供新的技术手段。     

进口废电器拆解残余固体进入生活垃圾填埋场后渗滤液的特性研究

进口废电器拆解后的残余固体是一个污染源,10年雨量范围的模拟酸雨淋溶试验表明:进口废电器拆解后的残余固体和生活垃圾按一定的比例混合填埋初期,会明显增加渗滤液的重金属浓度,但从长远来看,淋出液各种污染物浓度与作为参照的纯生活垃圾接近,CODcr、油、重金属Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg的含量均未超过国家一级排放标准.在各种淋溶介质下,主要污染因子的淋溶释放一般符合Ct=C0tb模型.     

山药中重金属质量评价

用原子吸收法对面山药和怀山药中重金属含量进行测定评价,研究表明,Pb、Cu超出国家食品卫生标准（属于严重污染级）,但符合药品标准;Cd虽然没有超标,但从变异系数来看存在着安全隐患。国家一方面应加大土壤污染治理工作,另一方面应加紧制定中药材中重金属含量标准。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌的概况及其研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀虫剂是对人和环境友好的安全型细菌杀虫剂。目前Bt杀虫剂已被广泛应用,但因使用剂量较大,导致防治害虫时费用过高。若在生物防治中使用超高效的细菌杀虫剂,就可降低其使用剂量。Bt 00-50-5菌株是从美国引进的高效杀虫菌株,其晶体蛋白的特征分析尚未完成,其毒素的作用机理研究也未进行。本项目即将开展如下研究:(1)先用具有特异性杀虫功能的Bt 00-50-5菌株进行发酵,继续完成对防治中国害虫防治效果的评价;再分析细菌的编码杀虫毒素基因和毒素的生化特征;然后混合荧光标记毒素和中肠细胞,加入昆虫中肠蛋白酶(或单独加入氨肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、ATP酶、枯草杆菌蛋白酶、钠或钾离子代之)反应,用荧光显微镜观察细胞变化;最后阐明杀虫毒素对靶标细胞作用机制。(2)通过研究毒素分子与受体分子的作用关系,拟在分子水平上阐明毒素的作用机制。     

松口蘑窝的适地选择及促成机理

松口蘑窝是松口蘑生长发育和产量形成的基础。松口蘑窝为多年生并具有自然繁衍能力。它的形成与松林的林龄、林型和土壤生态及其动态变化关系密切。松口蘑窝为多年生并具有自然繁衍能力,选择适宜林地,优化环境系统,营造、培育、医治和保护松口蘑窝可以增加松口蘑窝的数量,延长松口蘑窝的寿命,提高松口蘑窝的质量,促进松茸山的增殖丰产。     

管内漏磁腐蚀检测技术的应用

阿赛输油管道投产几年来多次发生腐蚀穿孔事故,对管道安全运行构成很大威胁。利用传统的经验技术来定位实施管道大修,不仅对消除腐蚀隐患存有很大的盲目性,而且造成大修复费用的增长。介绍了漏磁腐蚀检测技术原理及在阿赛输油管道上应用的具体情况。内检测技术的实施不仅可准确地检测出管道的隐患,为管道安全平稳运行提供了保证,而且由于检测的精确,定位准确率高使管道大修理费用较以往传统的定位修理大大降低,具有可观的经济     

Who will pay for medical education in our teaching hospitals?

Although most medical educators believe that education, research, and patient care are inseparable and essential to their academic mission, the educational component of this triad has never been given adequate, earmarked support. To fund educational programs, medical centers first relied on research grants and later on third-party payments intended for patient care. However, research money has long since ceased to be available for other purposes and recent federal cost containment measures have started to reduce payments for patient care. Teaching hospitals are threatened with loss of support not only for education, but for their capital improvements and care of the poor. Many institutions are now hoping to generate new income through business deals with for-profit health care corporations, but this effort probably will also fail and may compromise professional traditions. Teaching hospitals serve the public interest and will have to depend, at least in part, on public subsidy of their unavoidable extra costs.     

毛竹叶斑枯病的损失估测及防治指标

研究表明,当毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocyclacv.Pubescens)对叶斑枯病(Coccostroma arundi-nariae)中度或重度感病时,新竹的直径生长、重量均受到严重影响,成竹的竹壁物质积累下降,感病林分的出笋量大大减少,严重阻碍了毛竹生产的发展.用材林的损失估测模型以逻辑斯蒂模型为最优:L=24.236 1/[(1+20.908 1exp(-0.107 1X)];笋用林的损失估测模型以简单线性回归模型为最优:L=5.0209+0.702 9X.     

Induction of AIDS-like disease in macaque monkeys with T-cell tropic retrovirus STLV-III

The T-cell tropic retrovirus of macaque monkeys STLV-III has morphologic, growth, and antigenic properties indicating that it is related to HTLV-III/LAV, the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Four of six rhesus monkeys died within 160 days of STLV-III inoculation with a wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, a primary retroviral encephalitis, and immunologic abnormalities including a decrease in T4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. These data show that an immunodeficiency syndrome can be produced experimentally in a nonhuman primate by an agent from the HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses. The STLV-III-macaque system will thus provide a useful model for the study of antiviral agents and vaccine development for human AIDS.