Long-Term Effect of Fertilizers and Amendments on Different Fractions of Organic Matter in an Acid Alfisol

The effect of fertilizers and amendments on organic matter dynamics in an acid Alfisol was studied in a long-term field experiment initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV, Palampur (India). Continuous application of chemical fertilizers either alone or in combination with farmyard manure (FYM) or lime for 42 years significantly influenced water-soluble organic carbon (WS-OC), water-soluble carbohydrate (WS-CHO), soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, soil microbial biomass phosphorus, soil microbial biomass sulfur, humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA). Continuous cropping without fertilization resulted in depletion to the order of 17, 21, 24, 23, 22, 26, 12, and 18% in WS-OC, WS-CHO, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial biomass phosphorus, microbial biomass sulfur, HA, and FA, respectively. Different fractions of soil organic matter were found to be positively and significantly correlated with grain and straw/stover yield of wheat and maize crops.     

Long-Term Effect of Fertilizers and Amendments on Depth-Wise Distribution of Available NPK,Micronutrient Cations,Productivity, and NPK Uptake by Maize-Wheat System in an Acid Alfisol of NorthWestern Himalayas

The present study was undertaken in the ongoing long-term fertilizer experiment initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur (India). Soil samples collected from three depths (0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, and 0.30–0.45 m) were analyzed for pH; organic carbon; CEC; available N, P, and K; and micronutrients cations. Continuous use of optimal dose of fertilizers and FYM-influenced pH, organic carbon, CEC, available NPK, and DTPA extractable micronutrient cations significantly. The contents of organic carbon, available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were higher in top soil layer (0–0.15 m) compared to lower depths (0.15–0.30 and 0.30–0.45 m). Highest productivity of wheat (89.89 q ha^?1) and maize (156.52 q ha^?1) was recorded under 100% NPK + FYM, which was at par with 100% NPK + lime. Application of 100% NPK along with amendments (FYM/lime) recorded significantly higher NPK uptake over other treatments.     

Fractions of Manganese in Soil under Long-Term Experiment and Their Contribution to Manganese Availability and Uptake by Maize-Wheat Cropping Sequence

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient needed for plant growth and development, but it can be toxic to plants in excess amounts. Long-term fertilizer experiment and intensive cropping alter the soil properties and also affect its plant-available Mn contents. To understand the dynamics of Mn under long-term fertilizer experiment the present study was initiated during 1972 at the experimental farm of College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur (32° 6′ N latitude and 76° 3′ E longitude) in a randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated three times with a maize-wheat cropping sequence. The soils of the experimental area in the beginning of the experiment were acidic in reaction and taxonomically classified as Typic Hapludalfs. Surface (0.0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) soil samples taken after the harvest of maize (kharif, 2008) were analyzed for pools of Mn and chemical indices of soil quality using standard analytical methods. Besides, the pools of Mn were also determined in the composite soil samples drawn from adjacent fallow plots. Results showed that all the pools of Mn were noticeably greater in farmyard manure (FYM)–amended plots compared to zero-fertilized plots. Although the residual fraction was found to be the most dominant fraction, organically bound and exchangeable forms were found to play major roles in the nutrient supply, crop productivity, and nutrient uptake. The greatest productivity of maize (2008) and wheat (2008–09) was recorded under the 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) + FYM treatment. FYM and lime treatments resulted in significantly greater uptake of all the nutrients by both the crops compared to other treatments. The organically bound fraction was found to have the greatest significant and positive correlation with yield and nutrient uptake of maize and wheat crops. Further regression analysis studies revealed that the organic form was the most important pool contributing towards the variation in the parameters. Exchangeable and organically bound forms contributed significantly towards diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Mn.     

Long term effect of fertilizers and amendments on the properties of an acid Alfisol and uptake of primary nutrients and sulfur in maize-wheat rotation in North Western Himalayas

Abstract

Soil physico-chemical properties and NPKS uptake were studied in a long-term fertilizer experiment at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur (India). All properties were significantly affected by long term application of fertilizers. Bulk density was the highest with 100% N application and the lowest with FYM application. Optimum pH was resulted in lime amended treatment. Organic carbon, CEC, Available N and K were highest in FYM amended treatment. Available P was highest in 150% NPK and that was at par with 100% NPK?+?FYM. All primary nutrients were decreasing with increasing depth. Application of 100% NPK?+?FYM recorded highest yield of maize and wheat, which was at par with 100% NPK?+?lime. Uptake of NPK and S followed the yield trend and resulted in the highest uptake of NPK and S in 100% NPK?+?FYM and the lowest in control.     

Lime and Cattle Manure in Soil Fertility and Soybean Grain Yield Cultivated in Tropical Soil

Most tropical soils have high acidity and low natural fertility. The appropriate application of lime and cattle manure corrects acidity, improves physical and biological properties, increases soil fertility, and reduces the use of chemical and/or synthetic fertilizers by crops, such as soybean, the main agricultural export product of Brazil. This study aimed to assess the effects of the combination of the application of dolomite limestone (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha^?1) and cattle manure (0, 40, and 80 Mg ha^?1) on grain yield and the chemical properties of an Oxisol (Red Latosol) cultivated with soybean for two consecutive years. The maximum grain yield was obtained with the application of 10 Mg ha^?1 of lime and 80 Mg ha^?1 of cattle manure. Liming significantly increased pH index, the concentrations of calcium (Ca²⁺) and exchangeable magnesium (Mg²⁺), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil and reduced potential acidity (H⁺ + Al³⁺), while the application of cattle manure increased pH level; the concentrations of potassium (K⁺), Ca²⁺, and exchangeable Mg²⁺; and CEC of the soil. During the 2 years of assessment, the greatest grain yields were obtained with saturation of K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in CEC at the 4.4, 40.4, and 17.5 levels, respectively. The results indicated that the ratios of soil exchangeable Ca/Mg, Ca/K, K/Mg, and K/(Ca+Mg) can be modified to increase the yield of soybean grains.     

有机无机肥配施锌肥和石灰对双季稻产量及土壤养分特性的影响

在南方典型双季稻种植区,通过2年试验综合评价在有机无机肥配施基础上施用锌肥和石灰对双季稻产量与土壤养分特性的影响,以期提出培肥土壤和提高水稻产量的理想施肥模式。设置有机肥+无机肥(T1)、锌+有机肥+无机肥(T2)、石灰+有机肥+无机肥(T3)、锌+石灰+有机肥+无机肥(T4)4个处理,测定了土壤有效锌、碱解氮、有效锌含量和pH,分析了水稻产量和土壤综合肥力。结果表明:(1)相比T1处理,T2处理显著提高了早晚稻千粒重和结实率,显著增产8.7%,而T3处理不利于水稻稳产,显著降低了千粒重,并在第2年减产(5.6%)显著;T4处理表现出来的产量规律与T3处理类似,均于第2年表现减产。(2)施用锌肥、石灰均有利于提高土壤有效磷和碱解氮含量,石灰显著提高土壤pH,但T3、T4处理土壤有效锌含量显著下降,较T1处理分别下降39.0%和31.9%,而连年施用锌肥有利于有效锌的提高,T2较T1处理土壤有效锌含量提高22.2%。(3)土壤综合肥力表现为T2T4T1T3,施用锌肥相比石灰更有利于提高土壤肥力。综上所述,施用锌肥能显著提高土壤速效养分含量,增产显著,而连年施用石灰显著降低了土壤中有效锌含量。因此,在缺锌土壤中需慎施石灰,而长期施用石灰的土壤,应追施锌肥。综合土壤养分含量和水稻产量评价,有机+无机+锌肥的施肥模式为理想施肥模式。     

石灰和绿肥对不同种植制度植烟酸性土壤改良效果

为寻求酸性植烟土壤可持续改良方法,采用大田试验研究了石灰、石灰+绿肥在烤烟连作、烤烟与玉米轮作方式上对酸性植烟土壤物理特性、主要养分和酸度特征指标的影响,并分析了土壤pH与土壤理化指标的相关性。结果表明:在烤烟连作方式下,施用石灰并结合种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤比单施石灰效果好,能使土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝分别降低11.97%,25.00%,18.46%,21.74%和16.67%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量分别提高42.26%,57.02%,11.86%,16.39%,50.65%,5.97%,8.05%,13.17%和81.90%。施用石灰并结合种植绿肥对烤烟与玉米轮作方式的酸性土壤修复效果较烤烟连作更好,土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝可分别降低4.00%,20.51%,27.92%,10.00%和37.14%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量可分别提高9.17%,13.97%,7.22%,12.06%,5.08%,5.15%,35.27%,15.44%和28.05%。石灰+绿肥协同改良酸性土壤的效果比单施石灰好,烤烟与玉米轮作较烤烟连作更有利于酸化土壤的修复。研究结果为采用石灰和种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤提供了理论依据和实践指导。     

不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响

以山东省临沂市四种典型土地利用方式为例,分析不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响.结果表明:不同土地利用方式对有机质(OM)含量具有显著影响,而对pH、全磷(TP)、全氮(TN)、全钾(TK)和土壤颗粒组成无显著影响.不同土地利用方式土壤OM含量由高到低顺序为:水田>未利用地>林地>旱地;TN含量由高到低顺序为:未利用地>林地>水田>旱地;TP含量由高到低顺序为:未利用地>旱地>林地>水田;TK含量由高到低顺序为:林地>水田>旱地>未利用地.相关分析表明,旱地各养分之间的相关系数要大于水田、林地和未利用地,不同土地利用方式对TP和TN之间的相关系数无影响.主成分分析表明,旱地、水田、林地和未利用地综合肥力指标F值大小顺序为:水田(0.86)>林地(0.78)>旱地(0.51)>未利用地(0.43).     

不同菌渣配施化肥对土壤肥力和酶活性的影响

为促进菌渣肥料化利用和化肥减量增效,选用毛木耳、香菇和双孢蘑菇菌渣作为有机物料,以成都平原常规化肥施氮量为基准,设置空白处理(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、25%和50%毛木耳菌渣(APR1、APR2)、25%和50%香菇菌渣(LER1、LER2)、25%和50%双孢蘑菇菌渣(ABR1、ABR2),共8个处理,探讨不同菌渣配施化肥对土壤肥力和土壤酶活性的差异性。结果表明:菌渣配施化肥处理能有效增强土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,提高土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量,促进作物对氮素的积累,提高氮肥利用率和作物有效穗数,进而促产。然而菌渣C/N比(C/N＞30)、P₂O₅替代率和K₂O替代率越高,导致养分利用率下降,产量显著降低,P₂O₅和K₂O的施入对土壤和作物的正向效应不足以补偿,使其与作物产量呈显著负相关。综合来看,选用C/N比接近30的菌渣,水稻季选用50%或以下的氮肥替代率和小麦季选用25%的氮肥替代率有利于作物稳产增产。     

Long-Term Effect of Lime,Mycorrhiza, and Inorganic and Organic Sources on Soil Fertility,Yield, and Proximate Composition of Sweet Potato in Alfisols of Eastern India

A field experiment was conducted for five kharif seasons (2006–2011) in an Alfisol to study the effect of integrated use of lime, mycorrhiza, and inorganic and organics on soil fertility, yield, and proximate composition of sweet potato. Application of graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) significantly increased the mean tuber yield of sweet potato by 44, 106, and 130 percent over control. Green manuring along with ½ NPK showed greater yield response over that of ½ NPK. The greatest mean tuber yield was recorded due to integrated application of lime, farmyard manure (FYM), NPK, and MgSO₄ (13.69 t ha^?1) over the other treatments. Inoculation of mycorrhiza combined with lime, FYM, and NPK showed a significant yield response of 10 percent over FYM + NPK. Conjunctive use of lime, inorganics, and organics not only produces sustainable crop yields but also improve soil fertility, nutrient-use efficiency, and apparent nutrient recovery in comparison to NPK and organic manures.     

灌漠土长期有机配施土壤肥力特征和作物产量可持续性分析

为揭示长期施用有机肥对灌漠土土壤培肥效果,依托甘肃河西绿洲灌区灌漠土长期定位培肥试验(1988-至今),设计有机肥磷肥配施(MP)、有机无机配施(1/2MN+P)、氮磷配施(NP)和不施肥(CK)4个处理,测定其第31年和已有的土壤养分和作物产量数据,研究灌漠土长期有机培肥对土壤肥力特征和作物产量的影响.结果表明:有机...     

Effects of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Applied Phosphorus through Targeted Yield Precision Model on Root Morphology,Productivity, and Nutrient Dynamics in Soybean in an Acid Alfisol

A field experiment was conducted in a phosphorus (P)–deficient acidic Alfisol in northwestern Himalayas to study the effect of three vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) cultures [VAM_L, local VAM culture (Glomus mosseae) developed by CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India; VAM_T, VAM culture (Glomus intraradices) developed by Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India; and VAM_I, VAM culture (Glomus mosseae) developed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India] on growth, productivity, and nutrient dynamics in rainfed soybean. Plant height, aboveground dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, root length, root weight density, Rhizobium root nodule count, root colonization, yield attributes, yield, and nutrient uptake of soybean increased consistently and significantly with increase in inorganic P levels from 25 to 75% of recommended P₂O₅ dose based on targeted yield precision model coupled with various VAM cultures. VAM_T (Glomus intraradices) at each P level showed its superiority over VAM_I and VAM_L. Sole application of any of the three VAM cultures produced similar growth and development parameters as well as grain yield (18.68 to 19.08 q ha^?1) as produced through farmers’ practice (nitrogen at 20 kg ha^?1), indicating that VAM has a vital role in root morphology and nutrient dynamics in a soil–plant system, though significantly greater productivity was obtained with 100% of the recommended P₂O₅ dose based on soil-test crop response (STCR) precision model without VAM inoculation. Targeted grain yield of soybean (25 q ha^?1) was achievable with 75% of the recommended P₂O₅ dose applied with any of the three VAM fungi cultures without impairing soil fertility, thereby indicating that VAM fungi can save about 25% P fertilizer in soybean in P-deficient acidic Alfisols of northwestern Himalayas.     

Bioorganic Nutrient Source Effect on Growth,Biomass, and Quality of Natural Sweetener Plant Stevia and Soil Fertility in the Western Himalayas

The effects of bioorganic nutrients on stevia were studied during 2011 and 2012 at Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India. Bioorganic nutrient sources were evaluated in fourteen treatment combinations. Results showed that number of leaves plant^?1, leaf area plant^?1, and fresh and dry leaf biomass plant^?1 were significantly greater with the application of farmyard manure (FYM) 15 Mg ha^?1 + vermicompost (VC) 5 Mg ha^?1 + stevia seedlings treated with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and azotobacter as compared to the control but plant height and the number of branches were not significantly affected by various treatments. This superior combination also resulted in considerably greater amounts of phosphorus (P) in stem (1.18 percent) and potassium (K) in leaf (2.39 percent). Stevia plants supplied with VC 7.5 Mg ha^?1 + stevia seedlings treated with PSB and azotobacter recorded greater stevioside (7.2 percent) and total steviol glycoside (8.4 percent). Application of organic manures in combination with biofertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon and available nutrient status of soil as compared to control.     

Effects of Boron and Lime on Productivity of Garden Pea under Acidic Soils in Northwestern Himalayas

An experiment comprising seven treatments was conducted to study the effect of boron and lime integrated with organic manures and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers on garden pea productivity. Seed yield along with growth parameters were significantly influenced by combined use of farmyard manure and NPK fertilizers either alone or in combination with boron and lime. Treatment combination of 20 t farmyard manure / ha + 100% NPK + borax (T₄) resulted in 37% increase in seed yield over recommended practice of 20 t farmyard manure / ha + 100% NPK (T₃). In addition, recommended practice supplemented with granubor (T₅) and lime (T₆) also significantly surpassed T₃ with respective increase of 14 and 10% in seed yield. Similarly, maximum nutrient was observed in T₄. Hence, application of boron along with farmyard manure and NPK fertilizers could be the best option to maximize pea productivity in acidic soils under humid subtemperate climate.     

现代农业发展过程中土壤肥力资源合理利用的思考与对策

土壤是农业生产的重要基础,也是人类赖以生存的保障,其不仅关系食物安全供应,而且直接影响生态环境。土壤肥力是发展现代农业的重要支撑,其有效的培育涉及多学科与多专业,需要系统创新与联合攻关,如今人们对土壤肥力的认识已经从农业生产向环境安全、资源利用、生态健康及全球变化等方向转变与提升。本文从土肥长期定位研究、土壤肥力培育技术、现代农业发展等方面阐述内在关系及其特点,同时分析了现代土壤学研究领域所面临的重要挑战与发展趋势,并提出若干建议与对策。     

Effect of a four-decade long application of fertilizers,farmyard manure and lime,on forms of soil acidity and their relationship with yield of wheat and maize in an acid Alfisol

The present investigation was undertaken in the on-going long-term fertilizer experiment initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India. Continuous application of fertilizers either alone or in combination with farmyard manure (FYM)/lime affected different forms of soil acidity (total acidity, total potential acidity, pH dependent acidity, extractable acidity, exchangeable acidity, and non-exchangeable acidity) significantly, in surface and sub-surface layers. Continuous cropping with the application of lime and optimal doses of fertilizers decreased different forms of soil acidity at all the depths, significantly. Highest productivity of wheat and maize was recorded in 100% (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) NPK + FYM, which was at par with 100% NPK + lime. Different forms of soil acidity were found to be negatively correlated with wheat and maize yield. Grain and straw/stover yield of wheat and maize showed the highest negative correlation values with non-exchangeable acidity.     

Effect of Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Sunflower Yield,Soil Fertility,and Overall Soil Quality in Rainfed Alfisol

Abstract

To study the response of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) sources both alone and in conjunction and their influence on soil quality, a field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons using sunflower (MSFH‐8) as test crop. The experimental site soil was Typic Haplustalf situated at Hayatnagar Research Farm of Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India, at 17° 18′ N latitude, 78° 36′ E longitude. The experiment design was a simple randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated four times. Among all the treatments, vermicompost (VC)+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha^?1 recorded the highest grain yields of 1878 and 2160 kg ha^?1 during both kharif and rabi seasons, respectively, which were 43.9 and 85.1% higher than their respective control plots. Apparent N recovery varied from as little as 38.30% (FYM at 50 kg N ha^?1) to 62.16 (25 kg N ha^?1) during kharif and 49.65 (75 kg ha^?1) to 83.28% (VC+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha^?1) during rabi season. Conjunctive nutrient treatments proved quite superior to other set of treatments in improving the uptake of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and micronutrients in sunflower and their buildup in the soil. Highest relative soil quality indexes (RSQI) were observed under VC+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha^?1 (1.00) followed by VC+Gly at 25+25 kg N ha^?1 (0.87). Considering the yield and relative soil quality indices (RSQI), conjunctive applications of VC with either inorganic fertilizer, FYM, or Gly at 25+25 kg N ha^?1 could be a successful and sustainable soil nutrient management practice in semi‐arid tropical Alfisols. Besides this, the fertilizer N demand could be reduced up to 50%.     

双季玉米种植下长期施肥改变红壤氮磷活化能力

为了系统研究南方丘陵区红壤氮磷养分活化程度对长期施肥和玉米连作模式的响应规律,研究选取江西进贤红壤旱地双季玉米长期试验的不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、2倍氮磷钾配施(HNPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKOM)等处理,分析其27a内(1986—2013年)土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和氮磷活化度的时间序列变化,并研究了土壤氮磷的增加速率以及土壤有机碳与氮磷活化度的相互关系。结果表明,各处理对氮磷活化度的提升效果存在明显差异。试验27a间,施氮处理对氮活化度的提升效果在60.25%~105.35%之间,以NPK处理为最高,HNPK和NPKOM次之;施磷处理对磷活化度的提升效果在2.29~15.40倍之间,以NPKOM处理为最高,HNPK和P处理次之。NPKOM处理对碱解氮和速效磷的提升作用在所有处理中均为最高。施肥处理提升氮磷活化度的主要原因是提升了碱解氮和有效磷。与试验前相比,连续27a施肥后,NPKOM处理的土壤全氮和全磷仅增加了25.02%和145.16%,而碱解氮和全磷则分别增加了131.46%和38.39倍,导致氮磷活化度分别增加了85.14%和15.40倍。土壤氮活化度与土壤有机碳不存在线性关系,而磷活化度则表现出随土壤有机碳含量增加而逐渐增加的趋势,且土壤有机碳含量与磷素活化度呈显著的正相关关系(R~2=0.264 1,P0.05)。因此,在红壤旱地双季玉米种植模式中,有机无机肥配施是提升土壤氮磷养分含量和氮磷活化度的重要措施,磷的活化程度明显高于氮,但速效氮磷养分的大幅增加也可能导致环境风险。     

陕北中部丘陵区土壤肥力现状及提高土地生产力的途径

调查分析了延安宝塔区和安塞县7个乡镇近三年来的粮食生产,肥料投入以及各土地类型的土壤肥力状况,表明:投入的化肥中,氮肥以低浓度养分的碳铵为主,平均占肥料总量的38.3%,从施入土壤的N、P、K养分来看,K比例很小,结构不合理。土壤肥力总体水平低,且不同土地类型差异大;由于各乡镇自然和经济状况的差异,土地投入量不同,从而导致粮食产量相差悬殊,并且年际波动大。提高土地生产力的有效途径是培肥土壤和大力推广农作物高产栽培技术。     

Effects of Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers on Sorghum Growth,Yield, and Nitrogen Use in a Semi-Arid Area of Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the combined use of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum and on soil chemical properties in a semi-arid area in northeastern Ethiopia. Twelve treatments comprising factorial combinations of four levels of farmyard manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha^?1) and three levels of inorganic fertilizers (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended rate) were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications over a period of six years. The results revealed significant improvements in the growth and yield of sorghum due to the main and interaction effects of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer application. The combined application of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers increased post-anthesis dry-matter production by 147%–390% and grain yield by 14%–36%. The main effects of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers increased stover yield by 8%–21% and 14%–21%, respectively. Farmyard manure application increased total nitrogen (N) uptake by 21%–36%, grain protein yield by 8%–11%, and grain protein concentration by 20%–29%. Application of farmyard manure along with 50% of the recommended inorganic fertilizer rate resulted in a grain yield equivalent to, or greater than that for 100% of the recommended inorganic fertilizer rate, thus effecting a 50% savings of inorganic N and phosphorus (P) fertilizer. Application of 5, 10, and 15 t farmyard manure ha^?1along with 100% of the recommended fertilizer rate and 5, 10, and 15 t farmyard manure ha^?1 along with 50% of the recommended fertilizer rate can be recommended for farmers who can and cannot afford to buy inorganic fertilizers, respectively.