水翁、海南蒲桃、蒲桃、洋蒲桃

水翁(水泱)桃金娘科常绿乔木,高10~16m。枝下高2~4m,树皮厚,灰褐色,嫩枝压扁或近四棱形;树冠圆形。叶对生,薄革质,长圆形至椭圆形,长8~12cm,宽4~8cm,     

Larix europaea (D.C.) L. decidua (Mill.) und ihr Aubau im Harz

Ohne ZusammenfassungDieser Auffak mill in gedrängter Form aus ausermählten Kapiteln der Differtation des Berfaffers, die bei Hans Adler, Greitswald 1929 im Drud erschienen ift, einen überblid über das Untersuchungsgebiet geben.     

落羽杉(落羽松)杉科

落叶乔木,高15～40 m.树干耸直而向上渐小,树皮黄棕色至灰褐色,纵裂;基部膨大或成柱槽状,常有露出土面或水面的屈膝状呼吸根;单轴分枝,大枝(第一次分枝)近平展或斜举,次生小枝多而细柔,树冠圆锥形,罕为圆柱状或老树伞状.     

Eine Buchenkrankheit. (Der schwarze Brand.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit and Acioa barteri (Hook.f.) Engl.

The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4 m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping. Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa. Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass, although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses. Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows. B.T. Kang (IITA), c/o Miss Maureen Larkin     

Kristallbildung bei Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (Fomes annosus P. Karst.) und anderen holzbewohnenden Pilzen

Production of crystals by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (= Fomes annosus P. Karst.) and some other wood-inhabiting fungi. The formation of crystals was observed on hyphae and in the medium during in vitro investigations of antagonistic interrelationships between Heterobasidion annosum and 16 other fungi. In monocultures only Calciumoxalate was found. A crystalline organic compound was produced by Heterobasidion annosum on its hyphae, only in the presence of an antagonist. The compound was characterized spectrometrically.     

Die zahme Kastanie. (Castanea vesca.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

水松杉科

半落叶乔木,高8～30 m.树干耸直,树皮灰棕色或灰褐色,纵裂,基部膨大成柱槽状;具膝状呼吸根,单轴分枝,大枝近轮生或互生,平展或斜举,小枝细而疏密不一.树冠圆锥形或卵球形.     

Inoculation of Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings with vegetative inocula of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus (L.: Fr.) O. Kuntze and Inocybe lacera (Fr.) Kumm.

Perlite-peat substrate (2:1 v:v) fumigated with Basamide was inoculated with vegetative inocula (a mixture of perlite and peat moistened with the MMN liquid medium) of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus (isolate TUZ 105) and Inocybe lacera (isolate X/14) immediately before seeding with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in a nursery bed. Suillus inoculum was applied at rates of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 litres per m², Inocybe inoculum at rates of 0.5 and 1.5 litres per m². At the end of the first growing season, all inoculation treatments showed a significantly greater mycorrhizal infection of bareroot seedlings compared to that found in both fumigated and unfumigated controls. The ectomycorrhizal 1-year-old seedlings were transplanted into containers. At the end of the second year, ectomycorrhizal infection of the 2-year-old container-grown seedlings was considerably less than that of the 1-year-old barerooted seedlings, probably as a consequence of too high fertility and/or insufficient porosity/aeration of pure peat moss medium. There was no difference in seedling growth between inoculated and uninoculated seedlings throughout the experiment.     

Cynipoidea und Ichneumonidae (Hymn.) als Parasiten vonBoriomyia subnebulosa (Steph.) (Neur. Hemerobiidae)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Aus ?sterreich. (Jubil?umswerk.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Fliegenbekämpfungsmittel. (Eine vergleichende Studie.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Linden-Kommaschildlaus (Lepidosaphes tiliae sp. n.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Intraspezifische Konkurrenz und Nachkommenproduktion beiSitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleopt.) undSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepid.) in Sorghum-Körnern

Zusammenfassung Die Nachkommenzahl von einem Weibchen vonSitophilus oryzae oderSitotroga cerealella in Sorghum-Körnern nahm mit dem Ansteigen der ursprünglichen Elterndichte ab. Jedoch nahm die Gesamtzahl an Nachkommen beiS. oryzae bis zu einem Maximalwert zu und danach bei weiterem Anstieg der Elterndichte wieder ab (Crowding-Konkurrenz). BeiS. cerealella dagegen tendierte die Nachkommenzahl dazu, von einem Grenzwert ab—unabhängig von der Elterndichte—konstant zu bleiben (Wettkampf-Konkurrenz).

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Intraspezific competition and progeny production inSitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleopt.) andSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepid.) in Sorghum grain

The number of progeny produced per femaleSitophilus oryzae (L.) orSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.), on sorghum grain, decreased as the initial parental density increased. However, the total number of progeny (off-springs) produced inS. oryzae increased to a peak then declined with further increases in parental density (Scramble competition). InS. cerealella the progeny produced tended to be fairly constant once a certain parental density was passed (Contest competition).

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Mit einer Tabelle     

Effects of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit on growth and development of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel.

Field studies carried out in a forest transition site on a tropical Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria, show that shading by gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) hedgerow species reduced density of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel) by 67% and 51%, respectively. Shoot biomass of speargrass decreased by 81% and 78% in gliricidia and leucaena hedgerows, respectively. Reduction in speargrass rhizome biomass in gliricidia plots was 96% while rhizome reduction in the leucaena plots was nearly 90%. Rhizome mortality was significantly higher in gliricidia plots than in leucaena and control plots. The bulk of rhizomes was found between 10 cm and 20 cm of soil depth but rhizome did not penetrate further than 30 cm depth in the Alfisol in which this study was carried out. Gliricidia was better than leucaena hedgerow species in suppressing speargrass.     

Eine neue Tannenlaus (Dreyfusia prelli nov. spec.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung