Herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D gene: nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli

The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.     

Herpes simplex virus: dry mass

Dry mass of herpes simplex virus particles was measured by quantitative electron microscopy after isolation by surface spreading and critical-point drying of infected cells. The core weighed about 2 x 10(-16) gram, the empty naked capsid 5 x 10(-16) gram, the full naked capsid 7 x 10(-16) gram, and the enveloped nucleocapsid 13 x 10(-16) gram.     

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in human UNC-93B deficiency

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of sporadic viral encephalitis in western countries. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, as it affects otherwise healthy patients and only a small minority of HSV-1-infected individuals. Here, we elucidate a genetic etiology for HSE in two children with autosomal recessive deficiency in the intracellular protein UNC-93B, resulting in impaired cellular interferon-alpha/beta and -lambda antiviral responses. HSE can result from a single-gene immunodeficiency that does not compromise immunity to most pathogens, unlike most known primary immunodeficiencies. Other severe infectious diseases may also reflect monogenic disorders of immunity.     

Vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D prevents latent herpes in mice

In humans, herpes simplex virus causes a primary infection and then often a latent ganglionic infection that persists for life. Because these latent infections can recur periodically, vaccines are needed that can protect against both primary and latent herpes simplex infections. Infectious vaccinia virus recombinants that contain the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D gene under control of defined early or late vaccinia virus promoters were constructed. Tissue culture cells infected with these recombinant viruses synthesized a glycosylated protein that had the same mass (60,000 daltons) as the glycoprotein D produced by HSV-1. Immunization of mice with one of these recombinant viruses by intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal routes resulted in the production of antibodies that neutralized HSV-1 and protected the mice against subsequent lethal challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. Immunization with the recombinant virus also protected the majority of the mice against the development of a latent HSV-1 infection of the trigeminal ganglia. This is the first demonstration that a genetically engineered vaccine can prevent the development of latency.     

Herpes simplex virus in mice: electron microscopy of neural spread

Herpes simplex virus rapidly infected the trigeminal nerves of mice after intranasal inoculation. Centripetal neural spread was suggested by histologic evidence of encephalitis in the area of attachment of the trigeminal nerve. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed virus replication primarily within Schwann cells of the trigeminal nerve, and neurons of the gasserian ganglion.     

Protection from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by vaccination with cloned type 1 glycoprotein D

Guinea pigs were vaccinated with truncated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D produced in the genetically engineered mammalian cell line gD10.2. Vaccinated animals formed antibodies that neutralized both HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in an in vitro neutralization assay. Vaccinated animals were challenged with HSV-2 by intravaginal infection. Animals that received the immunogen in Freund's complete adjuvant were completely protected from the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-2 infection. Animals that received the immunogen incorporated in alum adjuvants were partly protected from clinical disease; the infections that did develop were significantly less severe than those that occurred in control animals injected with adjuvant alone. The results demonstrate that immunization with a purified viral protein can provide significant protection against primary genital infection by HSV-2 in guinea pigs.     

A cell line expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fuses at low pH

A stable cell line expressing a complementary DNA clone encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fused and formed polykaryons at pH 5.5. The formation of polykaryons was dependent on the presence of glycoprotein anchored at the cell surface and could be prevented by incubation of cells with a monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein. Fusion occurred at a pH 0.5 unit lower than that observed for cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒单克隆抗体在小麦胚乳中的表达

为了建立利用小麦生产抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)单克隆抗体的方法,将植物胚乳特异启动子AsGlo分别与该抗体的重链(HC)和轻链(LC)连接构建小麦表达载体,以基因枪法转入小麦品种扬麦158。转基因T0～T3代PCR鉴定表明,HC和LC在小麦基因组中共整合和稳定遗传。RT-PCR分析表明,IgG重链和轻链基因可在小麦胚乳中正常转录。酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)进一步证实了IgG在小麦胚乳中的积累和抗原结合活性,表明IgG蛋白能够在小麦胚乳中稳定表达,可利用小麦种子生产抗HIV抗体。     

Monoclonal antibody to a human germ cell membrane glycoprotein that inhibits fertilization

A monoclonal antibody to an antigen in the human germ cell membrane did not agglutinate or immobilize sperm but inhibited binding and penetration of zona-free hamster ova by human sperm and blocked murine fertilization in vitro. The antibody, of the 2a subclass of immunoglobulin G, was germ cell-specific but not species-specific. It recognized a single antigen of 23 kilodaltons that has been isolated from human germ cells. This fertilization antigen, located on the postacrosome , midpiece, and tail of human sperm, is a glycoprotein of testicular origin associated with some types of human involuntary immunoinfertility .     

鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白的原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备

利用原核表达系统表达纯化鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)G蛋白,制备特异性单克隆抗体,扩增出鲤春病毒0504分离株G基因片段,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,经诱导表达、裂解离心包涵体,包涵体经His Bind亲和层析柱纯化及尿素浓度梯度复性后,作为抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体。结果表明:成功筛选出2株稳定分泌G蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为1C5、2D5,经Western-Blot检测表明,制备的单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性。本研究中成功制备的抗G蛋白单克隆抗体,可为建立新型鲤春病毒检测方法提供工具。     

鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白的原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备

利用原核表达系统表达纯化鲤春病毒血症病毒( SVCV) G蛋白,制备特异性单克隆抗体,扩增出鲤春病毒0504分离株G基因片段,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a (+)中,经诱导表达、裂解离心包涵体,包涵体经His Bind亲和层析柱纯化及尿素浓度梯度复性后,作为抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体。结果表明：成功筛选出2株稳定分泌G蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为1 C5、2 D5,经Western-Blot检测表明,制备的单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性。本研究中成功制备的抗G蛋白单克隆抗体,可为建立新型鲤春病毒检测方法提供工具。     

Selective inhibition of fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion by monoclonal antibodies to a cell-surface glycoprotein

Fibroblasts possess several distinct mechanisms that control cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix macromolecules. Monoclonal antibodies to a 140-kilodalton (kD) cell surface glycoprotein inhibited the adhesion of fibroblastic Chinese hamster ovary cells to fibronectin-coated substrata but did not inhibit adhesion to substrata coated with vitronectin, laminin, serum, or other adhesive macromolecules. Thus the 140-kD glycoprotein appears to be involved in the fibronectin-mediated adhesion mechanism but not in other adhesion processes.     

Replication of the B19 parvovirus in human bone marrow cell cultures

The B19 parvovirus is responsible for at least three human diseases. The virus was successfully propagated in suspension cultures of human erythroid bone marrow from patients with hemolytic anemias; release of newly synthesized virus into the supernatants of infected cultures was observed. This culture system allowed study at a molecular level of events associated with the B19 life cycle. The B19 parvovirus replicated through high molecular weight intermediate forms, linked through a terminal hairpin structure. B19 replication in vitro was highly dependent on the erythropoietic content of cultures and on addition of the hormone erythropoietin.     

L-asparaginase induced immunosuppression: inhibition of bone marrow derived antibody precursor cells

The cooperation between bone marrow and thymus cells in restoring the hemolytic antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in immunosuppressed recipients was markedly inhibited when donor mice were treated with L-asparaginase, a known inhibitor of lymphocyte function. The marrow cell population was shown to be a major target for the immunosuppressive activity of asparaginase, since thymus cells from enzyme-treated animals interacted with marrow cells from normal animals to generate immunocompetent cells.     

Latency of herpes simplex virus in absence of neutralizing antibody: model for reactivation

Mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus (type 1) by the lip or corneal route and then passively immunized with rabbit antibody to herpes simplex virus developed a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia within 96 hours. Neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus was cleared from the circulation and could not be detected in most of these mice after 2 months. Examination of ganglia from the antibody-negative mice revealed latent virus in over 90 percent of the animals, indicating that serum neutralizing antibody is not necessary to maintain the latent state. When the lips or corneas of these mice were traumatized, viral reactivation occurred in up to 90 percent of the mice, as demonstrated by the appearance of neutralizing antibody. This study provides a model for identifying factors that trigger viral reactivation.     

Productive infection and cell-free transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus in a nonlymphoid cell line

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), American PL isolate, was transmitted by cocultivation and by cell-free filtrates to a nonlymphoid human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cell line, designated HOS/PL, but not to nine other lines bearing receptors for HTLV. HOS and HOS/PL cells are not dependent on interleukin-2 and do not express interleukin-2 receptors that are recognized by anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. HTLV released by the Japanese MT2 cell line was also transmitted to HOS cells. The infected HOS cells release substantial titers of progeny HTLV which is antigenically indistinguishable from parental virus and is able to transform T cells.     

Phagocytes as carcinogens: malignant transformation produced by human neutrophils

In a study of the relation between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis, C3H mouse fibroblasts of the 10T 1/2 clone 8 line (10T 1/2 cells) were exposed to human neutrophils stimulated to synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates or to a cell-free enzymatic system generating superoxide (xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine). After exposure, the 10T 1/2 cells were either placed in tissue culture or immediately injected into athymic nude mice. Both malignant and benign tumors developed in the mice injected with treated cells, but not in those injected with control cells; in one instance cells grown from one of the benign tumors subsequently developed a malignant phenotype. Malignant transformation was also observed in treated cells in the experiments in vitro.     

Monoclonal antibody to acetylcholine receptor: cell line established from thymus of patient with Myasthenia gravis

A human B cell line producing a monoclonal antibody to an antigenic determinant of acetylcholine receptors was established by cloning B cells that had been transformed in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus. The B cells were obtained from the thymus of a patient with myasthenia gravis. The antibody produced by the cell line precipitated acetylcholine receptors from denervated and innervated rat muscle and from human muscle, but did not show detectable response to the acetylcholine receptors from the electric organs of Narke japonica. The monoclonal antibody showed identical binding patterns in innervated and denervated rat muscles. Passive transfer of the monoclonal antibody into rats induced moderate muscle weakness and electromyographic changes characteristic of myasthenia gravis.     

Somatic cell hybrid between the established human line D98 (presumptive HeLa) and 3T3

Somatic cell hybrids have been made between an established human cell line with a long culture history and established mouse fibroblast line. When first analyzed, the hybrid cells contained nearly twice as many mouse chromosomes as the mouse parent line and a human chromosome complemnent of about half that of the human parent. There was further loss of human chromosomes on continued cultivation. This behavior resembles that of other human mouse hybrids and appears to be characteristic of the human-mouse combination. However, the number of human chromosomes is greater than in hybrids made from human diploid fibroblasts. Some clones contain more than a haptoid quantity of human DNA per cell and should synthesize a much greater number of human gene products.