大豆不同组合F_2 代蛋白质含量的遗传变异分析

本研究选用19个亲本配制的6个组合,研究了 F_2代蛋白质含量的遗传变异,并分析了后代与亲本的关系。研究结果表明:并非所有组合 F_2代的蛋白质含量都呈正态分离;大豆蛋白质含量的遗传以加性效应为主;后代有广泛的变异,超亲现象普遍,遗传力高,早期世代选择效果好;MP 与 F_2显著正相关,在亲本和中亲值相似的条件下,遗传丰度大的组合后代遗传变异广泛。     

SSR fingerprinting of 203 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) varieties

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been shown to be a powerful tool for varieties identification in plants. However, SSR fingerprinting of sweetpotato varieties has been a little reported. In this study, a total of 1294 SSR primer pairs, including 1215 genomic-SSR and 79 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR primer pairs, were screened with sweetpotato varieties Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8 and their 2 F₁ individuals randomly sampled, and 273 and 38 of them generated polymorphic bands, respectively. Four genomic-SSR and 3 EST-SSR primer pairs, which showed good polymorphism, were selected to amplify 203 sweetpotato varieties and gave a total of 172 bands, 85 (49.42%) of which were polymorphic. All of the 203 sweetpotato varieties showed unique fingerprint patterns, indicating the utility of SSR markers in variety identification of this crop. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.5824 to 0.9322 with an average of 0.8176. SSR-based genetic distances varied from 0.0118 to 0.6353 with an average of 0.3100 among these varieties. Thus, these sweetpotato varieties exhibited high levels of genetic similarity and had distinct fingerprint profiles. The SSR fingerprints of the 203 sweetpotato varieties have been successfully constructed. The highly polymorphic SSR primer pairs developed in this study have the potential to be used as core primer pairs for variety identification, genetic diversity assessment and linkage map construction in sweetpotato and other plants.     

菠萝黑心病研究进展

综述了菠萝黑心病的研究现状.菠萝黑心病的主要特征是菠萝果实果内褐变,酚类化合物、酶类、活性氧是褐变的发生必须具备的3个因素目前认为该病是受多种因素影响的一种复杂生理变化过程的病害.根据当前菠萝生产和保鲜情况,提出控制菠萝黑心病的途径.     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

利用荚果厚度模拟大豆鼓粒进程的研究

大豆籽粒发育可分为鼓粒期和籽粒归圆期,探究无损伤检测鼓粒进程的指标对大豆相关研究具有重要意义。本研究以青鲜819-4、冀豆17、鲁96150和V94-3971为试验材料,通过分期播种、连续测定标记花荚的荚果厚度,分期收获同日标记的大豆籽粒并进行发芽率测定,研究大豆鼓粒期荚果厚度变化。结果表明:1)鼓粒期鲜荚皮厚度基本保持恒定,因此荚果厚度可用于度量籽粒厚度的变化。荚果厚度(y)与开花后日数(x)的关系可以用二次函数(y=ax2+bx+c)进行有效模拟。利用模拟函数可以对大豆鼓粒始期、最大荚果厚度出现期、鼓粒持续期以及平均鼓粒速率等进行有效预测。荚果最大厚度可用作判定大豆籽粒开始具备发芽能力的外观指标。2)荚果厚度变化受材料特性和外界环境的共同影响。同一材料不同时期标记的花荚,荚果厚度增速趋势可能有差异,因此在大豆籽粒灌浆特性研究中,同日标记花荚是籽粒灌浆特性研究中一项必要的控制措施。3)不同材料鼓粒特性存在差异,选择鼓粒启动早、鼓粒速度快的大豆品种是可行的。荚果厚度有望成为研究大豆灌浆特性和适时早收的无损伤选择指标。     

苎麻UDPGDH基因的cDNA克隆及表达分析

【目的】分离苎麻尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（UDPGDH）基因。【方法】通过简并引物RT- PCR 结合 RACE 技术和半定量RT-PCR。【结果】成功克隆苎麻Boehmeria nivea (Linn.) Gaud.尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（UDPGDH）基因cDNA序列,序列长1 837 bp,编码一480个氨基酸的蛋白质（GenBank No.EF178294）。半定量RT-PCR分析显示,UDPGDH在苎麻根、皮、茎和叶组织中均有表达,其表达量为茎＞皮＞叶＞根,相对表达量依次为0.7075,0.3051,0.2651,0.1490。【结论】苎麻UDPGDH与其它植物相应序列具有较高同源性,在苎麻茎中有较高的表达。     

Tribenuron-Methyl Resistant Shepherd＇s Purse （Capsella bursa-pastoris （L.） Medik.） in Hebei Province of China

Shepherd's purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Results revealed that HB1,HB-2,HB-3,HB-4,HB-6,HB-7,HB- 17,HB- 18,HB- 19,HB-20,HB-21,and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuronmethyl characterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i.ha-1.On the other hand,populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices (RI) ranging from 10-100 folds,whilst populations HB-5,HB-8,HB-9,HB-10,HB-11,HB-12,HB-13,and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100.The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09％,and that of high resistance was about 36.36％.     

超声波辅助提取甘薯根颈多糖

甘薯根颈是甘薯生产中的大宗副产物,是提取功能性多糖的廉价资源。通过正交试验,对甘薯根颈多糖超声波辅助提取的影响因素进行了筛选和优化。结果表明：料液比、超声波频率、浸提温度、超声波功率、超声浸提时间等因素对提取率影响较大,较为合理的提取方案为：料液比1：30,超声波频率26kHz,超声波功率350W,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间30min。以此优化方案提取3次,提取物的平均提取得率为4.95%。通过棕色环试验、蒽酮-硫酸法、Fehling试剂法、双缩脲法证实提取物为多糖。     

陇西栽培蒙古黄芪原植物形态多样性研究

运用比较形态学方法 ,对陇西栽培蒙古黄芪生长植株进行形态多样性研究。结果表明 :该地栽培蒙古黄芪具有较为丰富的形态多样性 ,存在不同的种内类型。传粉实验初步说明蒙古黄芪为异花授粉植物 ,这是栽培蒙古黄芪多样性形成的重要原因。     

甘薯Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.茎蔓多糖提取技术研究

通过正交实验研究了甘薯茎蔓多糖水提过程中提取温度、时间和提取用水量对提取物得率的影响,选出了较为理想的提取条件,即加40倍水,在100℃下浸提25min,得率4 82%。通过棕色环法、蒽酮—硫酸法、Fe hling试剂法、双缩脲法证实提取物为多糖。     

Isolation and Characterization of Storage Protein Subunit-null-dwarf Mutants in Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.)

Dwarfing is useful to reduce plant height, when breeding high-yielding and non-lodging crops.In this study, a set of natural storage protein subunit-null dwarf mutants of soybean was reported that showed strongly reduced plant stature and deficiency in various 7 S and 11 S subunits, designated as snd1 mutants.Under normal growth conditions, the snd1 mutants showed a severe dwarf phenotype, with plant height of about 25 cm.Compared with wild-type DN47, the mutant snd1 exhibited no obvious morphological differences at the early stage of development.All the snd1 mutants examined had fewer nodes and shorter than normal internodes; the leaves were similar in shape to normal parents, but were dark-green at the mature stage.The flower size was similar to DN47; however, the flowering period was shorter than in the wild-type.Significant variation was noted for protein content, oil content of the seeds and size of seeds(weight of 100 seeds) among 17 snd1 dwarf lines.Genetic analysis indicated that the dwarfism of snd1 was controlled by a single recessive gene.The snd1 dwarf mutant had markedly different dynamic levels of the endogenous hormones gibberellin(GA), brassinosteroid, indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid, at the seedling stage.Exogenous GA3 treatment led to recovery of the plant height phenotype of the snd1 mutant; GA3 at 0.1 mm had the largest effect on enhancing plant height.Using molecular markers, snd1 gene was approximately mapped in an interval of 603 kb between markers Satt166 and Satt561 on chromosome 19.Snd1 mutant provided valuable material for hypoallergenic soybean breeding and the snd1 gene might be a novel gene related to plant height in soybean.