烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱的亚致死效应

测定了烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度对处理当代褐飞虱及其子代生物学特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度LC_(15)(0.011 mg/L)处理褐飞虱3龄若虫,其发育历期显著延长,成虫羽化率显著下降,单雌产卵量从226.6粒下降到176.4粒,产卵期也显著缩短;子代的发育历期比对照组显著缩短,而子代的产卵量、产卵期和成虫寿命均与对照组无显著差异。子代种群数量趋势指数与对照组也无明显差异。上述结果表明,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度处理对当代褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖产生不利影响,子代发育历期缩短可能使褐飞虱存在一定的再猖獗风险。     

褐飞虱短翅型雌虫延迟交配对其繁殖的影响

延迟交配往往影响昆虫的繁殖和寿命。本文研究了褐飞虱短翅型雌虫延迟交配对其寿命、产卵量及累计产卵率的影响。结果表明雌虫寿命在不同日龄交配雌虫之间存在明显差异。羽化后2、4、6、81、0 d交配的雌虫,随着交配日龄的增加,寿命延长。4日龄后随着交配日龄的增加,雌虫产卵量逐渐降低。其中4日龄交配雌虫的产卵量最高,约337粒;10日龄产卵量最低,约168粒。不同日龄交配雌虫的累计产卵率差异不明显。     

Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

BACKGROUND: Rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a primary insect pest of cultivated rice, and effective control is essential for economical crop production. Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular imidacloprid, has been reported as an increasing constraint in recent years. In order to investigate the extent of resistance, 24 samples of N. lugens were collected from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam during 2005 and 2006. Their responses to two diagnostic doses of imidacloprid (corresponding approximately to the LC₉₅ and 5 × LC₉₅ of a susceptible strain) were examined. RESULTS: Ten of the 12 samples collected during 2005 were found to be susceptible to imidacloprid, but two late‐season samples from India showed reduced mortality at both diagnostic doses. All 13 strains collected in 2006 showed reduced mortality at both doses when compared with the susceptible strain. Dose–response lines showed resistance in one of the most resistant field strains to be approximately 100‐fold compared with the susceptible standard. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate the development and spread of neonicotinoid resistance in N. lugens in Asia and support reports of reduced field efficacy of imidacloprid. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

褐飞虱对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性监测

2005年10月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性。结果表明：12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2005年南宁、韶关和阳江,2006年阳江及2007年永州5个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍处于敏感水平外,其余种群处于敏感性降低或达到低水平抗性;而2006年阳江褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈处于敏感性降低阶段,其余的8个种群均达到了低或中等水平抗性。     

常用杀虫剂和杀菌剂对褐飞虱类酵母共生菌生长的影响

本文研究了常用杀虫剂和杀菌剂对褐飞虱类酵母共生菌生长的影响。结果表明,10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、48%毒死蜱乳油、10%溴氰菊酯乳油、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂、1.2%印楝素乳油、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、20%三环唑可湿性粉剂的500、1 000、2 000倍液处理后共生菌的生长（菌落数量）显著减少,共生菌的假菌丝生长不舒展,有所萎缩,酵母多形成空泡。浓度越高、共生菌生长受到抑制越显著。低浓度（常规推荐剂量及以下）井冈霉素对共生菌生长影响较小,而高浓度（2倍常规推荐剂量）处理影响很大。这说明常用杀虫剂和杀菌剂农药对褐飞虱类酵母共生菌的生长均有较大的抑制作用。     

重庆秀山县褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群发生规律研究

为了给重庆秀山县褐飞虱和白背飞虱的综合防治及异地预测预报提供理论依据,利用1990年以来该地区水稻预测圃两种飞虱发生的历史资料,较系统地研究了两种飞虱在该地区的发生及迁出规律.结果表明,该地田间稻飞虱为害呈明显双峰型,前期以白背飞虱为主,后期以褐飞虱为主,前后发生均重.在20世纪90年代,褐飞虱田间发生高峰期主要在8月上、中旬,近10年高峰期集中在8月下旬,白背飞虱在20世纪90年代田间发生高峰日主要集中在7月中旬,近10年高峰日集中在7月上旬;1990年-1999年,褐飞虱长翅型田间发生高峰期主要在8月中旬,近10年高峰期在8月下旬;1990年-1999年,白背飞虱长翅型田间发生高峰期主要在7月中旬和8月上旬,近10年高峰期在7月中、下旬.表明近20年,褐飞虱田间发生高峰期延迟,白背飞虱高峰期提前;褐飞虱迁出峰期延迟,白背飞虱迁出峰期提前.     

Inheritance mode and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a serious pest that causes enormous losses to the rice crop in Asia. The genetic basis of imidacloprid resistance was investigated in N. lugens. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected for imidacloprid resistance from a field population of N. lugens collected from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, showed a 964‐fold resistance compared with the laboratory strain. Progenies of reciprocal crosses (F₁ and F₁′) showed similar dose–mortality responses (LC₅₀) to imidacloprid, and also exhibited a similar degree of dominance (D), 0.58 for F₁ and 0.63 for F₁′. Chi‐square analyses of self‐bred and backcross progenies (F₂, F₂′ and BC respectively) rejected the hypothesis for a single gene control of the resistance. The estimated realized heritability (h²) of imidacloprid resistance was 0.1141 in the resistant strain of N. lugens. CONCLUSION: The results showed that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens was autosomal and was expressed as an incompletely dominant trait, probably controlled by multiple genes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological effects of rice harbouring Bph14 and Bph15 on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

BACKGROUND: Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15 have been introgressed singly or pyramided into rice variety Minghui 63 (MH63). The antibiosis and antixenosis effects of these rice lines on BPH and the expression of five P450 genes of BPH regulated by these rice lines were investigated in this study. RESULTS: The resistance level of rice lines harbouring resistance genes was improved compared with MH63. MH63::14 (carrying Bph14) had negative effects on the development of males, honeydew excretion of females, the female ratio and the copulation rate compared with MH63. MH63::14 also exhibited antixenosis action against BPH nymphs, female adults and oviposition. Besides these negative effects, MH63::15 (carrying Bph15) could also retard the development of females, lower the fecundity and shorten the lifespan of females. The antixenosis action of MH63::15 was stronger than that of MH63::14. When Bph14 and Bph15 were pyramided, antibiosis and antixenosis effects were significantly enhanced relative to single‐introgression lines. Among the five P450 genes of BPH, expression of three genes was upregulated, one gene was downregulated and one gene was unchanged by resistant hosts. CONCLUSION: Both Bph14 and Bph15 could improve resistance levels of MH63. MH63::15 and MH63::14&15 had greater potential to control BPH infestations than MH63::14. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

吡虫啉低剂量对褐飞虱种群增长的持续影响

作为褐飞虱防治中的一种高效药剂,吡虫淋不仅具有直接杀伤作用,而且低剂量还有很好的抑制种群增长的作用。研究发现,这种抑制作用可以在药剂处理后的多代内持续。     

安徽庐江褐飞虱的抗药性监测及不同杀虫剂对其田间防效评价

近年来,褐飞虱田间种群已对多种药剂产生了抗性,为筛选可防控褐飞虱的高效药剂,2020年-2022年采用稻茎浸渍法连续测定了安徽省庐江县褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫胺腈等5种药剂的抗性水平,并在庐江县开展了不同药剂对褐飞虱田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,2020年-2022年褐飞虱种群对吡蚜酮始终处于高水平抗性(抗性倍数104.6~154.4倍),对呋虫胺的抗性从中等水平上升至高水平(抗性倍数77.7~157.2倍),对氟啶虫胺腈、烯啶虫胺处于中等水平抗性(氟啶虫胺腈抗性倍数21.3~64.5倍、烯啶虫胺抗性倍数14.6~22.6倍),对三氟苯嘧啶处于敏感状态。庐江单季稻试验田田间试验结果表明,在推荐高剂量下,20%三氟苯嘧啶WG、10%异唑虫嘧啶SC等介离子杀虫剂对褐飞虱速效性和持效性表现较好,除了药后1 d 20%三氟苯嘧啶WG防效为74.72%外,2种药剂3~14 d的防效都在80%以上;50%烯啶虫胺SG、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC防效次之,药后1 d防效在67.63%~71.61%,药后3 d至7 d防效有所提高,为77.16%~84.13%,而药后14 d防效降为71.52%~75.77%;50%吡蚜酮WG药后1~7 d防效均在约70%,而药后14 d下降为62.12%;20%氟啶虫酰胺SC、20%呋虫胺WG、10%醚菊酯SC速效性和持效性都表现较差,药后1~14 d防治效果都在80%以下。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明三氟苯嘧啶等介离子类杀虫药剂作为新型杀虫剂品种,可与新烟碱类、吡蚜酮及其混剂交替轮换使用,用于抗药性褐飞虱的治理。     

水稻褐飞虱防控关键技术的研究进展

综述了水稻褐飞虱化学防治中抗药性的产生和治理、水稻抗虫育种中抗性鉴定方法和抗性利用及褐飞虱体内共生菌利用等方面的研究情况,讨论了褐飞虱防控关键技术的的研究现状和应用前景。     

褐飞虱共生菌抗感吡虫啉菌株体内抗氧化酶活性的比较

在含不同浓度吡虫啉的综合马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂液体培养基中接种抗感吡虫啉褐飞虱共生菌菌株且培养2～6天后,通过测定抗吡虫啉菌株和敏感菌株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等活性,阐明抗感菌株在吡虫啉胁迫下体内抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果显示,抗吡虫啉菌株和敏感菌株三种抗氧化酶活性差异明显不同,抗性菌株的SOD、POD活性(极)显著高于敏感菌株,其中抗性菌株SOD活性比敏感菌株提高了45.89％～222.53％;抗性菌株的CAT活性与敏感菌株差异无明显规律性.说明褐飞虱共生菌对吡虫啉的抗药性与其体内SOD和POD的活性增强有关.