自制"复方止痢口服液"新剂型对奶牛犊下痢的治疗试验

用传统中兽医理论组方,针对扔牛犊普通下痢,研制了一种具有消炎、止痢、止血、保护胃肠黏膜等多种作用的中药制剂--"复方止痢口服液",并对奶牛犊下痢病例进行了治疗试验.结果显示,用该药一个疗程(3 d)对奶牛犊下痢治疗的有效率为70%,治愈率为60%,高于对照组.在口服液中添加了香味剂,可解决牛犊中药制剂内服适口性差的问题试验表明,犊牛自食率达80%,克服了灌服给药的弊端.     

奶牛围产期饲养管理的黄金法则

1饲养法则1.1产前要注意做到精粗料平衡母牛转入产房,饲养方法仍按干奶后期的方法进行饲养。即以优质干草适当搭配精料进行饲养,不要过多的饲喂精饲料,精饲料饲喂比例过大,不但增加饲料成本,还会使奶牛患各种疾病。精料的喂量可按干奶期的标准饲喂,一般每天供给3～5kg。具体喂量可因牛而定,但精饲料的最     

夏季高产乳牛的饲养管理

1饲草饲料1.1饲草:应选择适口性好、营养价值高的优质青绿多汁饲草、块根类及青干草。如:苜蓿草、聚合草、胡萝卜、优质青干草及青贮饲料等。1.2精饲料:夏季气候炎热,乳牛消耗较大,所以要适当增加营养。可通过增加精饲料的饲喂量,并提高精料中蛋白质、矿物质、维生素的含量等方法解决。2饲喂方法2.1将70%的精饲料加水制成粥状饲喂,既增加营养又补充了牛体所需的水分。剩余30%的精饲料仍混入粗饲料中,以调节粗饲料的适口性,保持和增加乳牛的采食量。2.2可适当延长早晨饲喂时间,让牛吃饱喝足。如果白天乳牛采食量减幅较大,应在夜间气温较低时…     

更好地利用青贮饲料的技术

正随着牛羊养殖业的发展,青贮饲料的使用越来越广泛,现将青贮饲料的使用方法及注意事项简述如下:1饲喂方法饲喂时,初期应少喂一些,以后逐渐增加到足量,让家畜有一个适应过程。应及时给牛添加小苏打,喂青贮饲料时牛瘤胃内的p H值降低,容易引起酸中毒。可在精饲料中添加1.5%的小苏打,促进胃的蠕动,中和胃内的酸性物质,增加采食量,提高消化率。有条件的养殖户,可将精饲料、青贮饲料和干草进行充分搅拌,制成全混合日粮饲喂家畜,效果会更好。冰冻青贮饲料是不     

不同精料饲喂量对育肥牛的影响效果

研究不同精料饲喂量对育肥牛的影响效果。2016年的6月1日~7月10日,选取裕民县巴尔鲁克牧业有限公司养殖场的20头新疆褐牛育肥牛,随机将其分为2组,每组10头牛,第一组投喂牛体重1.0%的精饲料,第二组投喂牛体重1.5%精饲料,对比试验后牛增重情况和饲料利用率。试验一组的增重情况和饲料利用率均明显高于第二粗。在牛养殖过程中并不是精饲料投喂量越多对育成牛体重增加越有利,通过本次试验育肥牛按照其体重1%的量添加比较合适。     

种草养畜三误区

1　用牧草完全代替精饲料 　种草可以养畜 ,可以节省精饲料 ,但决不能完全代替精饲料。的确 ,种草养畜可以节省精饲料 ,因为 ,牧草具有蛋白质含量高 ,适口性好、容易消化、维生素丰富等特点 ,但还远远不能满足牧畜生长发育要求 ,因此 ,在喂畜禽特别是猪时 ,应当将青饲料与精饲料拌合起来一起喂 ,具体添加比例应根据猪的大小而定 ,才能达到理想效果。2　几种畜禽饲用一种草　每种畜禽都有自己的生物学特性 ,每种草也有自己的植物学特点 ,因此 ,没有那种草对猪、鸡、牛、羊、兔、马都完全适合。要根据畜种的不同选择不同的牧草品种 ,奶牛、肉…     

香草醛饲喂断奶仔猪增重效果观察

为了解猪用饲料香味剂——香草醛对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果,选用12头断奶仔猪随机分为2组进行为期32天的对比饲喂试验。对照组采用基础日粮,实验组在基础日粮中添加0.08%的香草醛。结果表明:实验组日增重、采食量、饲料转化率分别比对照组增加或提高了24.5%(P0.01)、12%、11%。     

宠物食品中究竟有什么

尽管在宠物食品的标签上注明"全价平衡"之前,不再要求必须进行饲喂实验,但大多数的制造商在开发一种新的宠物食品前常进行适口性的研究.实验组喂新食物,而对照组喂目前的配方.以动物所吃食物的总量作为判断适口性好坏的标准.一些比较大型和规范的公司确实经过饲喂实验,因为饲喂实验对食物真实的营养价值能有一个更准确的估价.     

鲜甘蔗尾叶喂肉牛

广西是我国甘蔗主要产区,每年的砍蔗季节都产生大量的鲜甘蔗尾叶,其蛋白质含量高(粗蛋白含量为3.4%),含糖量高,适口性好,是肥育牛的好饲料。甘蔗尾叶应切成3厘米左右的小段,这样既可以提高牛的采食量,又可减少因牛挑食所造成的浪费。添加0.5%(按鲜甘蔗尾叶重计)的尿素,把尿素溶于水后拌入切短的鲜甘蔗尾叶中喂牛,可增加牛瘤胃细菌合成蛋白质的氮源,提高饲料营养价值。每日喂给12～14千克鲜甘蔗尾叶,再补以0.5千克精饲料。为使牛爱吃加有尿素的鲜甘蔗尾叶,饲喂时,加尿素应由少到多(在0.5%的范围内),以便让牛慢慢适应。鲜甘蔗尾叶喂肉牛@韦正…     

奶牛各个生理阶段的饲喂要点

<正>奶牛是一种高产动物,在保证营养全价平衡的前提下,要力求饲料品种多样化和适口性好,但不能因为追求奶产量而过多添加精饲料。其日粮一般要由3～4种以上的青粗饲料(干草、青草、青贮饲料等)及3～4种以上的精料组成,各个生理阶段的饲喂要点如下:1干奶期(干奶到产前15天)目标:尽早使母牛停止泌乳,乳房恢复正常为此,在满足母牛营养需要前提下尽量不喂青绿多汁饲料和副料,日粮以粗饲料为主,在保持适宜的纤维摄入量的基础上搭配一定的精料,精料给量根据粗料品质及体况调整,一般在3～4千克。精、粗饲料比为25∶75,日粮物质应占体重的2.0%～2.5%,对于     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.