我国水产行业财务管理中存在的问题及对策

自改革开放以来,水产行业在解决社会就业、增加国家财政收入、发展高薪技术、支援国家经济建设等各方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,已经成为拉动我国经济增长的一个不可或缺的因素。但是,水产行业毕竟存在着许多先天的不足和缺陷,尤其是水产行业的财务管理工作存在着诸多问题,使得水产行业不能很好的顺应市场经济的快速发展。笔者着重阐述了水产行业财务管理中存在的融资困难、财务控制薄弱、管理模式僵化、管理观念陈旧等问题,运用现代理财观念和方法提出了解决问题的对策。     

我国农业投资中存在的问题及对策思考

农业是经济发展的基础，要实现农业的快速发展，必须增加资金投入，提高投资效益。因此，通过分析农业投资中存在的问题，从加大农业投资力度、改善农业投资结构与加强农业资金管理等方面提出相应对策。     

我国上市公司融资结构与优化对策

现代资本结构理论揭示了企业的最优融资顺序为:内部融资——债权融资——股权融资,而我国上市公司的融资行为与现代企业资本结构理论并不一致,表现出较强的股权偏好现象。本文对这种现状的原因进行了分析,并针对这种不合理融资结构所带来的弊端提出了相关建议。     

我国企业内部控制存在的问题及对策

内部控制制度在企业内部管理监控系统中起着举足轻重的作用,然而,对我国来讲全面认识内部控制还刚刚开始。文章分析了当前企业内部控制制度广泛存在的诸多问题,如缺乏公认的标准、制度不完善、法人治理结构不完善等,并针对这些问题提出了建立内部控制标准体系、加强会计基础工作、加强企业内部审计等对策。     

我国水产品国际竞争力分析及对策

水产品是我国重要的出口创汇商品，本文在根据国际比较优势理论分析我国各类出口水产品国际竞争力的基础上，就如何提高我国水产品对外竞争力提出一些对策建议。     

鱼鸭混养中存在的问题及对策

鱼鸭混养作为一种高效、低耗生态渔业模式,在我国有悠久的历史。实践证明养鱼水域养鸭,不仅可以充分利用水体资源,还可以提高养鸭饵料利用率,提高鱼产量,降低养殖成本,减少精饲料消耗。并且鸭的游动能够增加水中溶氧,促进有机物分解,提供有机碎屑为鱼食用,而鸭粪又可直接培肥水质,形成水体的良性循环,提高养鱼水体的综合经济效益。笔者针对目前鱼鸭混养中存在的问题及对策作如下探讨。 1 存在问题近几年随着养鸭生产的规模化、集约化,在鱼鸭混养中出现重鸭轻鱼的现象。根据对我县鱼鸭混养调查, 池塘套养鸭的数量严重超标,一般每667m~2在1000～ 1500羽,甚至达到2000羽,而合理的搭配应为150羽     

池塘放养模式存在问题及对策

池塘放养模式指的是池塘内不同品种、不同规格的鱼种按不同的数量进行搭配组合。养殖同样的品种，好的放养模式可以把饲料系数控制在1．8甚至1．6以内，而一个差的养殖模式就可能使饲料系数达到2．0甚至超过2．5，养殖模式的好坏直接影响着养殖成本的大小。特别是最近几年，随着饲料成本的上升，很多养殖户在放养模式上依然存在着一些误区和问题，造成了不必要的损失，甚至是严重亏损。本文结合我地放养模式中存在的不足之处与广大养殖户做一些探讨。     

我国小型渔业企业生存发展中存在的问题分析及对策

在当今激烈的市场竞争中,小型渔业企业的生存发展存在规模小、经营分散、投入不足、竞争力弱等诸多问题,如果不高度重视小型渔业企业的生存环境,研究解决这些存在的问题,势必会危及我国渔业的健康发展。面对国际国内两大市场竞争,面对强者云集的竞争世界,小型渔业企业只有走强强联合之路,     

国际对虾产销行情及我国对策

对虾是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、味道鲜美、含有丰富的微量元素,深受世界各国人民欢迎的海味佳品。本文作者就世界虾类产量稳步上升、世界对虾养殖迅速发展、对虾产品的加工能力增强、国际对虾贸易市场繁荣、当前世界对虾产销的主要特点以及我国在国际对虾产销中应采取的对策等专题进行概述。     

国际对虾产销行情及我国对策

近10年来,世界对虾养殖业获得迅速发展。本文作者围绕世界虾类产量稳步上升、世界对虾养殖业迅速发展、对虾产品的加工能力、国际对虾贸易、国际对虾产销特点及其我国采取相应对策等专题进行分析和概述。     

中国水产业“走出去”面临的外汇风险及其防范

随着经济全球化的深入发展,中国水产业不可避免地会融入到世界经济大潮和国际分工体系之中。中国水产业如何"走出去"也就成了当前中国水产业面临的一个重要课题。在越来越多的水产企业走出国门寻找投资机会的同时,它们也面临着许多事先难以预料的风险,外汇风险便是其一。本文在对外汇风险含义正确理解的基础上,分析了外汇风险的识别和种类,最后提出了具有针对性的外汇风险防范措施。     

Aquaculture and international trade

Abstract

In contrast to the stabilization or decline of wild fishery harvests, aquaculture's contribution to the world fish supply is steadily increasing. Aquaculture has begun to have a major influence on the trade of export‐orientated species such as salmon and shrimp. This paper reviews the role of aquaculture in international trade and the research which has been conducted to examine its influence. Despite the growing significance of aquaculture on international trade, especially for shrimp and salmon, formal analysis of the shrimp trade is sparse, only moderate for salmon, and essentially nonexistent for other species. This paper also presents specific examples of how aquaculture has played an important role in international trade. These include an examination of: (1) the influence of shrimp aquaculture and trade on the development of a shrimp futures contract; and (2) the countervailing duty and antidumping case against the Norwegian farmed salmon industry.     

渔港建设投融资模式的研究

渔港作为渔业生产的重要基础设施,在促进渔业和临港经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。但是投资匮乏、资金短缺严重制约着我国渔港经济的发展,而目前对渔港投融资理论的研究尚不完善。文章在投融资理论基础上归纳出渔港投融资的定义,描述了渔港投融资的特征,列举并分析了适合渔港建设的投融资模式及其存在的问题,最后探索出最具可操作性的渔港投融资模式。     

浅谈国有企业建立现代财务管理体系的思路

财务管理是企业管理的核心，国有企业的财务管理是我国企业财务管理的重要组成部分。文章针对目前国有企业存在的诸如监督功能弱化、财务管理混乱、会计核算失真及国有资产大量流失等问题，依据财政部的有关政策，提出强化预算管理、资金管理，加强成本控制和风险控制等一系列措施。     

The role of CITES in the conservation of marine fishes subject to international trade

All possible tools need to be marshalled for marine fish conservation. Yet controversy has swirled around what role, if any, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should play for marine fishes. This paper analyses the relevance and applicability of CITES as a complementary tool for fisheries management. CITES currently regulates the international trade of very few marine fish species, by listing them in its Appendices. After the first meeting of the Parties (member countries) in 1976, no new marine fish taxa were added to the CITES Appendices until 2002, when Parties agreed to act to ensure sustainable and legal international trade in seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) and two species of sharks. Progress has continued haltingly, adding only one more shark, humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and sawfishes by 2012. Parties voice concerns that may include inadequate data, applicability of CITES listing criteria, roles of national fisheries agencies, enforcement challenges, CITES' lack of experience with marine fishes, and/or identification and by‐catch problems. A common query is the relationship between CITES and other international agreements. Yet all these arguments can be countered, revealing CITES to be a relevant and appropriate instrument for promoting sound marine fisheries management. In reality, Parties that cannot implement CITES effectively for marine fishes will also need help to manage their fisheries sustainably. CITES action complements and supports other international fisheries management measures. As CITES engages with more marine fish listings, there will be greater scope to analyse its effectiveness in supporting different taxa in different contexts.     

The Effect of Depuration on Metals,Bacteria, and Nutrition in Venus verrucosa from the Aegean Sea: Benefit and Risk for Consumer Health of Warty Venus

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of the depuration period on proximate composition, metals, fatty acids, and bacteria in the edible tissue of warty venus (Venus verrucosa) collected from ?zmir Bay in the Aegean Sea was investigated. In addition, benefit and risk for human health associated with the consumption of warty venus were determined by atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), polyene index (PI), fish lipid quality (FLQ), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI). The depuration process did not show a significant (P > .05) effect on proximate composition, except for ash. The depuration process was successful in reducing bacteria growth and the concentrations of all metals, except for copper. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count of 1.94 log CFU/g in the fresh samples was uncountable at 24 h of depuration. The concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper, iron, and zinc were below the limit values allowed for safe consumption. The analyzed metals were safe for human consumption based on provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), THQ, and HI. Significant variations were also observed in the fatty acid values depending on the depuration periods (P < .05). The n3/n6 and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios were greater than those recommended by the FAO/WHO. Moreover, the AI and TI of samples were under established limits.     

Comparing Profits from Shrimp Aquaculture with and without Green-Water Technology in the Philippines

To reduce disease impact, Philippine farmers developed the green-water (GW) system, which has been spreading rapidly since 2008. In the most applied GW-system, the shrimp pond receives water from a reservoir stocked with tilapia. We collected financial data on GW and non-GW systems from farms having similar management and environmental context. All farms had more than one pond; the average pond area was < 1 ha, and total pond areas per farm ranged from 1.4 to 139 ha. The total variable and fixed costs per ha of shrimp pond were not different for GW and non-GW farms, but on GW farms the cost per kg of shrimp produced was lower. The latter was higher than the 2009 market price of 30 g shrimp for non-GW farms mainly. In GW farms the cost of seed was lower, and survival rates and individual shrimp weights at harvest were higher for an equally long culture period.     

长株潭试验区发展"两型农业"的对策研究

长株潭试验区发展资源节约型、环境友好型农业,即"两型农业"具有重要意义,它不仅可以解决生态环境问题和缓解资源约束,也可以增加农民收入和促进农村社会和谐发展,还可以为湖南省乃至全国"两型农业"的建设和发展提供经验.长株潭"两型农业"发展中存在工业污染、生活垃圾、工农业资源争夺、农业弱势等方面的问题,需要从思想、生态环境、资源节约、资金、智力和制度等方面来推进长株潭"两型农业"建设.