芹菜隐性核基因雄性不育系转育研究

以芹菜雄性不育两用系01-3AB为不育源,根据其所携带的雄性不育隐性核基因和转育目标自交系相关性状的遗传特点设计转育方案,通过杂交、自交、回交、成对兄妹交等方法,向3个芹菜自交系转育核不育基因.转育结果表明,获得的3个新芹菜雄性不育两用系不育性稳定,结籽正常,综合农艺性状优良,相关性状与父本相同.     

食荚豌豆细胞核雄性不育两用系93002AB的选育

利用食荚豌豆核不育突变体选育出育性稳定的细胞核雄性不育两用系93002AB,该两用系生育期92d,株高98．3cm,12～13节位现蕾,1～3个有效分枝,白花,圆荚,无限生长习性,种子绿色皱粒,百粒重30．49g。     

大白菜育性相关基因BRLSP-55的获得与验证

雄性不育的利用是大白菜制种的重要手段,获得大量育性相关基因可为了解大白菜雄性不育分子机制提供线索。采用cDNA-AFLP技术寻找差异条带,利用RT-PCR经序列比对并推测其功能。利用cDNA-AFLP方法从大白菜雄性不育两用系“AB01”的不育和可育花蕾中找到一个仅在可育花蕾中表达,而在不育花蕾中不表达的差异片段;经测序分析表明所得序列大小为351 bp,将其命名为BRLSP-55;并通过RT-PCR方法得到了验证;经序列比对初步判定该基因与拟南芥硫堇蛋白(Thionin Protein)的亲缘关系较近,所获得育性相关基因BRLSP-55可能为一种硫堇蛋白,在大白菜雄性不育机制中可能起重要作用。     

甘蓝型油菜生态型细胞质雄性不育两用系的研究Ⅲ. 8-8112AB的温度敏感性及其遗传

8-8112AB是由甘蓝型油菜pol细胞质生态型雄性不育两用系AB1与双低甘蓝型油菜品种杂交选育出的新型双低生态型pol CMS两用系,其在武昌秋播时表现雄性可育,在兰州或秭归高山夏播时表现雄性不育.在相对低温条件下,8-8112AB与正常油菜品系1141B(pol CMS保持系)的花器官形态特征表现相似,而在相对高温条件下,则与pol CMS不育系1141     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育系数207AB的选育及遗传

1990年春在低芥酸品系207的株行中发现了两株天然雄性不育株，经3年5代育成了生长发育整齐度好．性状一致，育性分离达到1：1的核不育两用系。遗传研究表明：该不育系是由两对隐性重叠基因控制的一与S45AB、117AB属相同类型，它具有恢复源广，易测配强优势组合的优点。     

甜椒核型不育系AB91的选育及杂优利用

利用在英格拜尔甜椒中发现的甜椒雄性不育源,经采用杂交、自交、测交、兄妹交等方法,选育出雄性不育性与优良农艺性状、抗病性、高配合力高度统-的甜椒雄性不育两用系AB91,其不育性由一对隐性核基因控制,遗传简单、不育性稳定、恢复源广泛、配合力高、可较快地培育出不同类型的优良一代杂种.利用AB91已选育出早、中、晚熟配套的系列甜椒杂交种,解决了我国甜椒一代杂种种子生产人工去雄的难题.     

大白菜育性相关基因1F203片段的分离与表达分析

杂种优势的利用是提高白菜类作物产量的一个重要途径,也是遗传育种工作者集中研究的领域。为克服常规制种缺点,本课题组长期致力于雄性不育材料的创制,并积极在细胞和分子水平上分析其遗传规律。本次试验以大白菜核基因控制的雄性不育甲型两用系"AB01"(本课题组自主创制)可育植株和不育植株各级花蕾为材料,利用抑制消减杂交方法构建正反cDNA文库,并从中筛选出一个大白菜育性相关基因1F203片段;并利用白菜数据库及NCBI对该片段进行同源比对分析,确定其为SKS基因家族中的一员;同时利用RT-PCR技术对该片段进行了时空表达分析,明确其在可育植株成熟花粉中有较高表达。为接下来克隆该片段对应基因的全长序列,分析其生物学信息,研究其蛋白质功能提供帮助。     

核不育复等位基因向娃娃菜中转育的研究

根据"复等位基因遗传假说",以甲型两用系AB12为不育源(直筒生态型),采用杂交、自交、兄妹交的方法,将核不育基因向娃娃菜可育品系06006中转育,获得了不育株率100%的新核基因雄性不育系,扩大了原有不育系的遗传基础,拓宽了该优良雄性不育基因的应用范围.     

两用核雄性不育新材料的发现与研究初报

水稻两用核雄性不育种质材料是进行两系法杂交水稻育种研究的基础.通过在试验田亲本圃、杂交选育圃发现雄性不育株,然后进行不育度、不育稳定性、育性转换、起点温度、可繁性及测交恢复力鉴定,鉴定出两份不育度彻底、育性稳定、起点温度低、可繁性好的由基因突变引起的具有生产实用价值的两用核雄性不育材料早25 S、美香851 S.     

与甜椒隐性细胞核雄性不育基因紧密连锁的SRAP分子标记的研究

以甜椒隐性细胞核雄性不育两用系AB91为材料,采用混合集群分析法(BSA)构建了不育池与可育池.利用SRAP分子标记技术,筛选了225对SRAP引物组合及1393对EcoR Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ引物组合,获得了与隐性核不育基因连锁的2个SRAP标记:E37 M39、E44M93,片段长度约为200 bp和500 bp,与育性...     

利用分子标记辅助选育大白菜核基因雄性不育系

本研究以含不育基因Ms的大白菜细胞核复等位基因型雄性不育两用系"AB01"的可育株(MsfMs)为供体亲本,以高代自交系‘a20’(msms)为轮回亲本,采用杂交和连续回交转育方法,利用与不育基因Ms连锁的SCAR标记syau_scr01辅助不育基因Ms选择,成功地将不育基因转育到可育品系‘a20’中,育成了不育度和不育株率均为100%,植物学性状与自交系‘a20’相近的新核不育系GMS4。选择结果表明syau_scr01选择的准确率为100%,验证了该标记可以用于大白菜核不育系转育辅助选择。     

白菜型油菜(B. campestris L.)双显性核不育896AB的选育

以北方白菜型油菜自交系Ｓ３－１８为母本,加拿大白菜型春油菜Ｔｏｂｉｎ为父本杂交,在自交２代中出现不育株３７ＡＢ,经研究认为,该不育材料是由２种不育基因（ＭＳＭＳｒｆｒｆ,ＭＳｍｓｒｆｒｆ）,４种保持基因（ＭＳＭＳＲｆｒｆ,ＭＳｍｒＲｆｒｆ,ｍｓｍｓＲｆｒｆ,ｍｓｍｓｒｆｒｆ）组成的杂合不育群体,用成对保持,双隐性测交的方法,经２～３个世代的选育,育成８９６ＡＢ双显性不育系及１２５ａｂ等双隐性临保系     

Directional transfer of a multiple-allele male sterile line in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. rosularis Tsen et Lee

To produce hybrid seeds of Wutacai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. rosularis Tsen et Lee), a “directional transfer program” was designed to breed the multiple-allele male sterile line of Wutacai. A multiple-allele male sterile line of Naibaicai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L., S01) was used as the male sterile resource, and an inbred line of Wutacai (WT01) was used as the target line. Recurrent backcrossing was employed to transfer the male sterility and other botanical traits simultaneously, while the genotype was identified through test crossing. The male sterility was successfully transferred from S01 to WT01. A new male sterile line, GMS-3, with similar botanical traits to WT01, was bred. Four hybrid combinations were generated with GMS-3 as the female parent. One hybrid (C1) that contained the most desirable traits was developed from the new male sterile line.     

抑制消减杂交法研究复等位基因遗传的

AB01是本课题组培育的复等位基因遗传的核雄性不育大白菜甲型“两用系”,目前已建立了一套该材料的应用技术体系,但其不育分子机制尚不明确。本研究以AB01的不育株和可育株为材料,利用抑制差减杂交技术构建了正反抑制差减cDNA文库,并通过测序及生物信息学手段寻找育性相关基因,以此来推断该材料的不育分子机制。研究中共找到27个差异表达基因,其中25个基因在NCBI数据库中均有同源序列,这些基因中7个与花发育相关,5个与脂类代谢相关,3个与活性氧及能量代谢相关,3个与光合作用及叶绿体合成相关,其余7个为功能未知基因。由此推测复等位基因遗传的核雄性不育大白菜不育的发生与脂类、能量代谢及光合作用有关。     

白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB恢复系基因型的鉴定

以白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB为材料，采用成对兄妹交和相应可育株自交，验证显性不育基因的遗传;用恢复系与全不育系测交，测交一代与临保系复交，验证显性恢复基因的抑制作用，并区分F2代育性分离为3:1和13:3的遗传类型。经4个年度的研究认为，育性是由一对显性不育基因MSMS和一对显性可育基因RfRf互作控制，且显性可育基     

Genetic and cytological analysis of a new spontaneous male sterility in radish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Raphanus sativus</Emphasis> L.)

A male sterile plant appeared in the radish breeding program at the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China. In its progeny, a two-type (half of plants male sterile, the other half male fertile) line 01GAB was established. An F₂ population of 260 plants from a cross of male-sterile 01GAB and a male fertile line 9802H segregated for male fertility in a 3:1 ratio indicating that fertility was restored by a single dominant gene, here designated RsMs. A PCR-based DNA marker specific to the male fertility Rfob gene in 9802H was absent in 01GAB. Linkage analysis placed the RsMs locus 10.7 cM away from the Rfo locus. In an F₂ population of hybrids between 01GAB and male fertile 9802B, a co-dominant DNA marker for the RSultr3.2A (a radish sulfate transporter gene) locus was linked to the RsMs locus at 1.5 cM suggesting that fertility restoration in 01GAB was located in the region with known male sterility restorers in radish. However, no maintainer for the 01GAB source of male sterility has been identified so far. Cytological observations have shown that the abnormalities in male sterile anthers first appeared in tapetum at the tetrad stage, followed by a hypertrophy of the tapetal cells at the vacuolate microspore period. These results suggest that male sterility in 01GAB is likely to be genetic in nature, or it may represent a new type of the cytoplasmic male sterility.     

Cytological and genetical studies of a male sterile celery

Summary The inheritance and nature fo male sterility of a cerley (Apium graveolens L.) strain (MS1) is reported. Male sterility in MS1 is determined by a a recessive genotype for a single locus. Tests for linkage with the isozyme chromosome markers SDH-1 and PGM-1 were negative. MS1 male sterility was associated with a defective tapetum characterized by prominent vacuoles and premature degeneration. The stamens in the male sterile strain persisted in the flowers up to stigma receptivity, while in the male fertile plants they dropped before style expansion. The male sterile flowers produced normal amounts of nectar, resulting in cross pollination by various species of pollinators. It was estimated that the sterile strain produced 30% less seed than normal male fertile. Its possible use for hybrid celery seed production is discussed.Research supported by grants from the California Celery Research Board and BARD I-483-82.