价值链分析法在饮料企业管理中的应用

在竞争中求得生存和发展是企业拓展的关键。但这里有一个前提条件，那就是企业必须知道自己的竞争优势。通过价值链的运用，将企业看作各种相互分离但又彼此相关的生产职能的集合，形成集中在这些活动中所创造的价值，整合企业的生产要素，使企业应用价值链来获取竞争优势，推动价值链在企业中的应用与发展。     

价值链分析法在蜂产品企业管理中的应用

在竞争中求得生存和发展是企业拓展的关键。但这里有一个前提条件，那就是企业必须知道自己的竞争优势。通过价值链的运用，将企业看作各种相互分离但彼此相关的生产职能的集合，形成集中在这些活动中所创造的价值，整合企业的生产要素，使企业应用价值链来获取竞争优势，推动了价值链在企业中的应用与发展。     

饲料企业的深度分销

深度营销的思想认为：现代市场竞争已不仅是单个企业之间的竞争，而是企业所参与的产业价值链之间的竞争，企业的竞争优势来源于产业链的系统协同效率。饲料企业必须在产业链的关键环节上发展核心能力，结构化地提升企业职能和价值，     

饲料企业管理中价值链分析法的应用研究

企业在竞争市场占有优势的根本路径在于提高核心竞争力,拓展利润空间,在行业竞争中谋求生存和发展。当前我国饲料工业发展遭遇的困境在于存在传统农业养殖模式,导致养殖户在使用饲料产品时信息不对称,影响饲料产业和养殖产业的效益提升。基于此,饲料企业应积极整合生产和经营优势,提高产品附加值,完善企业价值链,将企业、经销商、职工和养殖户等整体纳入到价值链中,并基于价值链分析法实现对企业发展战略的创新管理。本文主要分析了价值链分析法在企业战略管理中的优势,并基于饲料企业的管理特点,探讨价值链分析法在饲料企业战略管理中的具体应用路径。     

浅论内蒙古肉牛业发展中存在的问题与发展途径

内蒙古肉牛产业的发展与畜牧大省地位不相适应，其原因在于从肉牛种源到改良、繁育、饲养、加工乃至市场没有形成一个完整的产业链，产业内部的各个部分是分散发展的，无法整合资源优势，并转化为竞争优势。为此，应将内蒙古的肉牛产业作为一个完整的价值链进行分析，形成肉牛产业链，并在产业内部使各价值链组成部分形成企业集群化专业化效应，使内蒙古肉牛产业通过集群化发展，做到提高质量、降低数量、变革饲养模式，形成有竞争优势的产业集群。     

浅谈饲料企业竞争优势的构建

饲料工业是我国较早对外开放的行业，现在饲料企业之间的竞争相当激烈，其产品同质性较高，价格竞争成为主要手段，甚至演变为恶性竞争。因此，研究和建立饲料企业的竞争优势，实现可持续发展，是许多饲料企业共同关注的焦点。笔者通过客观分析饲料企业在现阶段面临的机遇和挑战，以基于客户价值为核心，运用价值链分析，并对企业价值活动进行挖掘，从而建立起饲料企业的竞争优势。     

运用价值链分析寻求饲料企业竞争优势

根据畜牧和水产养殖产业“十一五”发展规划测算,2010年我国饲料产品的需求量将超过1.5亿t,饲料工业发展市场空间巨大。目前我国饲料工业的发展进入了成熟阶段,饲料企业如何在激烈的市场竞争中获取竞争优势;在新一轮的竞争中取得有利地位,成了业界关注的主要问题。本文就如何运用价值链进行分析,并对寻求饲料企业的竞争优势做出探讨。     

加盟发展,农牧企业进入透明化商业时代

农牧企业为创造竞争优势，在实战中形成了风格各异的营销模式。营销模式从产品之争、质量之争、服务之争、个性之争不断升级，不少企业深感营销模式下白热化的竞争格局不利于自身发展而转向了竞合的价值链之争。竞合思维是企业摆脱传统营销模式为提高经营质量为目的探索赢利模式的新的竞争思维，农牧企业创新性赢利模式有饲料企业＋养殖企业——畜产品加工企业模式，饲料企业＋经销商模式、饲料企业养殖企业畜产品企业三合一模式等，重庆得亿农生物科技有限公司的加盟发展模式是创制性模式的典范之一。[第一段]     

丝绸产业升级的路径选择:基于“动态比较优势”的视角

丝绸产业是我国原料"比较优势"很突出的产业。但由于缺乏著名品牌等因素,导致丝绸产品附加值不高,在国际价值链中处于不利局面。要依托原料比较优势,培育品牌、技术等竞争优势,促进我国丝绸产业升级,提升我国丝绸产业在国际价值链中的地位。     

浅论内蒙古肉牛业发展中存在的问题与发展途径

内蒙古肉牛产业的发展与畜牧大省地位不相适应,其原因在于从肉牛种源到改良、繁育、饲养、加工乃至市场没有形成一个完整的产业链,产业内部的各个部分是分散发展的,无法整合资源优势,并转化为竞争优势.为此,应将内蒙古的肉牛产业作为一个完整的价值链进行分析,形成肉牛产业链,并在产业内部使各价值链组成部分形成企业集群化发展,充分发挥资源整合优势和集群化、专业化效应,使内蒙古肉牛产业通过集群化发展,做到提高质量、降低数量、变革饲养模式,形成有竞争优势的产业集群.     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。