不同光质对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同光质对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响。以不同颜色荧光灯（白光、红光、蓝光、黄光）为光源,在人工控制的条件下对叶用莴苣照光25d后进行生长和品质指标的测定。结果表明：黄光对叶用莴苣的生长效果好,其次是白光,红光和蓝光对叶用莴苣生长不利;可溶性糖含量以黄光处理最高,之后依次是红光、蓝光;可溶性蛋白、Vc、干物质含量以黄光最高,其次是蓝光,硝酸盐含量以黄光处理的最低,而蓝光、红光处理,其含量与对照相比有显著的提高;蓝光处理下植株的Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn含量显著高于白光。结论：黄光对提高叶用莴苣的食用品质效果最好,但蓝光更有利于显著提高叶用莴苣矿质元素的含量。     

不同光质对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同光质对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响。以不同颜色荧光灯(白光、红光、蓝光、黄光)为光源,在人工控制的条件下对叶用莴苣照光25d后进行生长和品质指标的测定。结果表明:黄光对叶用莴苣的生长效果好,其次是白光,红光和蓝光对叶用莴苣生长不利;可溶性糖含量以黄光处理最高,之后依次是红光、蓝光;可溶性蛋白、Vc、干物质含量以黄光最高,其次是蓝光,硝酸盐含量以黄光处理的最低,而蓝光、红光处理,其含量与对照相比有显著的提高;蓝光处理下植株的Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn含量显著高于白光。结论:黄光对提高叶用莴苣的食用品质效果最好,但蓝光更有利于显著提高叶用莴苣矿质元素的含量。     

不同生长阶段补充红蓝光对生菜生长与品质的影响

以罗马生菜为试材,在育苗期、生长前期(A)及生长后期(B),以荧光灯(FL)作为基础光源,红(R)、蓝(B)LED灯作为补充光源,以A和B时期荧光灯照射为对照(FL),研究了不同补光处理(FLRR(A时期和B时期补充红光)、FLRB(A时期补充红光、B时期补充蓝光)、FLBR(A时期补充蓝光、B时期补充红光)、FLBB(A时期和B时期补充蓝光))对生菜生长及品质指标的影响,以期为人工光环境下蔬菜栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:生长前期补充蓝光更有利于干质量积累,FLBR处理的干质量增长量分别比对照、FLRR和FLRB干质量增长量显著提高27.2%、25.6%和20.3%。在生长前期和生长后期都采用较高蓝光比例的光源,促进了维生素C含量提高,FLBR分别比FLBB处理与对照显著降低12.0%和13.3%;在生长前期和生长后期补充蓝光或红光硝酸盐含量分别比对照显著降低了34.3%、50.8%、37.3%和32.6%。     

不同红蓝LED光照强度对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响

以叶用莴苣品种永荣为试验材料,探讨了光照强度为100 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB100）、200 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB200）和300 μmol?m-2?s-1（RB300）的红蓝LED光源对叶用莴苣生长与品质的影响,结果显示：与其他处理相比,RB100处理叶用莴苣植株高度、叶面积、根长、比叶面积等形态指标及可溶性蛋白含量显著增加|RB300处理叶用莴苣中VC含量最高,硝酸盐和叶绿素含量最低。结果表明：300 μmol?m-2?s-1光照强度有利于提高叶用莴苣的品质,而100 μmol?m-2?s-1光照强度有利于叶用莴苣的生长。     

纳米胶片处理对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响

以耐抽薹意大利生菜为试材，采用水培方式研究了纳米胶片不同处理时间对叶用莴苣生长和品质的影响。结果表明：
T3 处理（24 h）叶用莴苣地上部鲜质量和干质量明显提高，分别比对照增加14.57% 和22.48%，T1 处理（2 h）和 T2 处理（8 h）
与对照差异不显著；与对照相比，各处理叶用莴苣茎粗和根冠比均无显著差异；T3 处理叶用莴苣叶片数显著增加，可溶性
糖含量和类黄酮含量有所增加，可溶性蛋白质含量稍有降低；叶用莴苣硝酸盐含量随纳米胶片处理时间的增加而显著降低，
降幅为2.05%～62.14%。在本试验条件下，叶用莴苣生长发育和品质改善效果均以纳米胶片处理24 h 最佳。     

叶用莴苣全株营养累积分配的光谱效应

基于高等植物叶绿素吸收光谱的强弱差异性,分别采用波长(442±9)nm蓝光、(457±7)nm蓝光、(521±14)nm绿光、(627±7)nm红光和(655±11)nm红光光谱发光二极管(LED)光源,以300μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强对叶用莴苣进行12 h·d~(-1)照射处理3周,以温室自然光为对照,研究具有一定能量供应下叶用莴苣生长和营养累积分配的光谱信号调控效应。红光,尤其是红光655处理的叶面积、鲜质量、干质量显著高于对照57.89%~85.04%;尽管蓝光下全株及叶和根的可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于对照33.26%~181.23%,可是随着光谱波长的减小,可溶性蛋白质在各器官中的分配更加呈现以叶为主的特征。相比之下,随着光谱波长的增加,可溶性糖在各器官中的分配更加呈现以叶为主的特征。此外,蓝光、红光处理全株以及叶和茎器官的可溶性糖含量显著高于对照97.26%~357.54%;红光下叶中的游离氨基酸含量低于对照52.79%~59.01%,且明显抑制了GOT活性,以及游离氨基酸分配以茎为主和根其次的特征,暗示着红光有利于氨基酸向阴生器官或部位转运分配的倾向。     

不同光质LED暗期补光对水培切割再生生菜生长和生理的影响

采用耐切割叶用莴苣品种‘奶油生菜’为试材,以海南夏季锯齿型温室内自然光照和光周期为对照,利用LED精量调制红蓝光比例分别为R/B=4、8、10,对水培生菜切割一茬后的再生苗进行夜间延时补光,探究不同光质LED暗期补光对水培切割再生生菜生长和生理的影响。结果表明:R/B=8、10两个处理的再生生菜采收时单株地上部鲜质量达到对照的2.36、2.13倍,随着LED红蓝复合补光光源红光比例的增加,生菜地上部鲜质量和可溶性蛋白含量呈现先增加后减小、可溶性糖含量持续增加的趋势。光合色素以R/B=10的含量最高,叶绿素荧光指标R/B=8、10处理高于CK和R/B=4处理。R/B=8处理的脯氨酸、SOD酶含量极显著或显著高于其他3个处理,EC值、MDA含量表现出R/B=4处理显著低于CK。综合各指标来看,对水培生菜再生苗进行暗期延时补光处理时,R/B=8是最优的光质配比。     

光质对苦瓜幼苗形态建成及碳氮代谢的影响

为探究培育苦瓜壮苗的最适光源,设置红光(R)、蓝光(B)、红蓝光(R1B2)、红蓝光(R2B1)4个处理,以白光(W)为对照,研究不同光质照射对苦瓜幼苗形态建成、光合特性、碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,与W相比,R促进苦瓜幼苗高度的增加,抑制茎的横向加粗,B的作用与之相反;R2B1的总叶面积、全株干质量、壮苗指数、净光合速率和水分利用效率最大,B的蒸腾速率和气孔导度值最大,水分利用效率最低,R的净光合速率值最低,胞间CO_2浓度最高。与W相比,R2B1的总糖、淀粉含量最大,RUBPcase、SPS、SS活性最高,W的蔗糖含量最高。B的叶片全氮、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量最高,较对照分别增加27.88%、37.92%、30.54%,R1B2次之,但GS和GOGAT活性以R1B2最高,NR活性以R2B1最高。另外,在红蓝组合光中,增加红光比例可以促进苦瓜幼苗叶片碳代谢的加强,而增加蓝光比例可以促进苦瓜幼苗叶片氮代谢的加强。综上所述,R2B1处理的苦瓜幼苗最符合壮苗标准,且净光合速率最大、水分利用率最高、碳代谢最强且氮代谢水平较高。     

不同LED光质对香蕉组培苗生长及光合特性的影响

为探寻更加适合香蕉组培苗生长的光源方案,以“巴西蕉”组培生根苗为试材,研究6种不同LED光质处理对香蕉组培苗的形态、生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明,LED红蓝光组合中,红光∶蓝光=4(4R1B)处理的香蕉组培苗较对照(荧光灯)生长更健壮、根系更发达。在4R1B的基础上添加23%的绿光(8R2B3G)后,单株鲜质量较单纯的红蓝光处理显著提高,有效促进了香蕉组培苗壮苗,且更有利于提高叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m、PIabs、TR0/CS0和ETo/CS0;同时该处理的香蕉组培苗株高最高、叶面积和生物量最大。说明红光∶蓝光∶绿光=8∶2∶3(8R2B3G)处理的香蕉组培苗的PSⅡ光反应能力最强,生长最旺盛,最适合香蕉组培苗的生长。     

红蓝绿LED 延时补光对日光温室番茄育苗的影响

以番茄品种辽园多丽为试材,选择白光（W）及红光（R）、蓝光（B）、绿光（G）3 种LED 光源组成6 种不同比例组合光R9B1（9∶1,灯的数量比,下同）、R8B2、R7B3、R9G1、R8B1G1、R7B2G1,研究不同LED 光源延时补光对冬春季日光温室番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：补照LED 光源不同程度地促进了番茄幼苗的生长,其中R7B2G1 的效果最为显著,与不补光对照相比,茎粗增加27.42%,全株鲜质量和干质量分别提高17.84%、30.91%,壮苗指数提高57.61%;幼苗根系活力、叶绿素含量与净光合速率、叶片可溶性糖含量等也显著提高。综上,在红蓝光源的基础上增加一定比例的绿光,能显著促进番茄幼苗生长。     

Improving spinach,radish, and lettuce growth under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with blue light supplementation

Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherriette), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Waldmann's Green), and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Nordic IV) plants were grown under 660-nm red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and were compared at equal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with either plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) or red LEDs supplemented with 10% (30 micromoles m-2 s-1) blue light (400-500 nm) from blue fluorescent (BF) lamps. At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light. At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light. Moreover, total dry weight for radish and spinach was significantly lower under red LEDs + 10% BF than under CWF light, suggesting that addition of blue light to the red LEDs was still insufficient for achieving maximal growth for these crops.     

Light quality of continuous illuminating at night to induce floral initiation of Fragaria chiloensis L. CHI-24-1

A wild strawberry strain, Fragaria chiloensis CHI-24-1, produced inflorescences from both parent and asexually propagated daughter plants linked with runners when grown at 23 °C/20 °C (day/night) under a 24 h day-length (DL) of daylight plus nightly lighting by an incandescent lamp, but not under 8 or 16 h DLs. In the present study, the effect of light quality for continuous illuminating at night on floral initiation of CHI-24-1 plants grown under a 24 h DL was examined. The CHI-24-1 plants were grown under a 24 h DL consisting of natural daylight and continuous lighting at night by an incandescent, a blue fluorescent, a red fluorescent or a far-red fluorescent lamp for 40 days in summer and autumn. Also, the CHI-24-1 plants were grown for 40 days in a growth chamber at 25 °C/20 °C (day/night) with natural daylight and continuous lighting at night by red- and four types of far-red light-emitting-diodes (LEDs with peak wavelengths of 660, 700, 735, 780 and 830 nm). In both experiments, floral initiation of the parent and daughter plants was observed under a stereomicroscope. Although more than 50% of the parent and daughter plants initiated flower buds under the incandescent and far-red fluorescent lamps, about 15% and 0% of those initiated flower buds under blue and red fluorescent lamps, respectively. Floral initiation of the parent and daughter plants occurred under the far-red LED light source whose peak wavelength was 735 nm, but not under the red or the other far-red LEDs. From these results, it can be concluded that the effective light wavelength range of nightly continuous illuminating for floral induction in the CHI-24-1 plants is 735 nm in the far-red light region. Hence, the induction of floral initiation by nightly continuous far-red light (735 nm) appeared to be a response mediated by phytochrome.     

红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质的影响

采用LED精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘Micro-Tom’为试材,设置红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光3︰1(3R1B)3个处理,以白光(W)为对照,研究红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质及番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,红光和3R1B处理可显著提高番茄果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸含量;蓝光下维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸含量明显升高,可溶性糖含量较低,但与对照差异不明显。随着果实成熟,红光和3R1B处理下番茄红素含量及牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)和八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)基因的表达量显著高于蓝光和对照,尤以3R1B处理最明显;蓝光则显著降低了番茄红素含量,GGPS和PSY1表达受到抑制。综上,蓝光能够促进维生素C、蛋白质和有机酸含量增加;红光和红蓝组合光则有利于碳水化合物的积累,且通过提高番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因GGPS和PSY1的转录水平和活性,促进番茄红素合成,尤以3R1B处理最佳。说明适宜比例的红蓝组合光有利于番茄果实转色,提高果实品质。     

Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light-emitting diodes

Plants will be an important component of future long-term space missions. Lighting systems for growing plants will need to be lightweight, reliable, and durable, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have these characteristics. Previous studies demonstrated that the combination of red and blue light was an effective light source for several crops. Yet the appearance of plants under red and blue lighting is purplish gray making visual assessment of any problems difficult. The addition of green light would make the plant leave appear green and normal similar to a natural setting under white light and may also offer a psychological benefit to the crew. Green supplemental lighting could also offer benefits, since green light can better penetrate the plant canopy and potentially increase plant growth by increasing photosynthesis from the leaves in the lower canopy. In this study, four light sources were tested: 1) red and blue LEDs (RB), 2) red and blue LEDs with green fluorescent lamps (RGB), 3) green fluorescent lamps (GF), and 4) cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF), that provided 0%, 24%, 86%, and 51% of the total PPF in the green region of the spectrum, respectively. The addition of 24% green light (500 to 600 nm) to red and blue LEDs (RGB treatment) enhanced plant growth. The RGB treatment plants produced more biomass than the plants grown under the cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF treatment), a commonly tested light source used as a broad-spectrum control.     

不同红蓝LED组合光源对葫芦和南瓜幼苗生长和生理参数的影响

以荧光灯为对照,研究了相同光照强度（150μmol·m-2·s-1）下,不同红蓝LED组合光源（R/B=7∶1、R/B=7∶2、R/B=7∶3）对葫芦和南瓜幼苗生长和生理参数的影响。研究结果表明,葫芦幼苗在LED组合光源R/B=7∶1、R/B=7∶3下,壮苗指数显著高于对照;南瓜幼苗在LED组合光源R/B=7∶2、R/B=7∶3下,壮苗指数显著高于对照;另外,在LED组合光源R/B=7∶3下,葫芦、南瓜幼苗的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照。综上可知,LED组合光源R/B=7∶3最适合培育南瓜和葫芦幼苗。     

不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢生长及生理特性的影响

为研究不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢形态特征和叶绿素含量、叶片光合特性的影响,从‘巨峰’葡萄新梢开始生长前进行不同光质的早晚补光,以不补光为对照。结果表明,不同光质补光均促进新梢生长,缩短了新梢节间长度;不同光质补光下叶绿素含量大小顺序为黄光、红光、白光、蓝光、红＋蓝光、对照：不同光质对叶片的净光合速率影响很大,以补红光处理的最强,补黄光的次之,补红光＋蓝光的最低．     

Effect of cold cathode fluorescent lamps on growth of Gerbera jamesonii plantlets in vitro

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) on the growth of Gerbera jamesonii var. ‘Rui Kou’ plantlets in vitro in six different light quality ratios: 100% red CCFL (R), 80% R + 20% blue CCFL (B), 70% R + 30% B, 60% R + 40% B, 100% B and white CCFLs (W). Control radiation was provided by conventional heat-generating plant growth fluorescent lamps (PGFLs). Plantlets under CCFLs showed better plantlet height, SPAD value (i.e., leaf chlorophyll content) and root activity (as assessed by root dehydrogenase activity) than those growing under PGFLs while all other growth parameters were comparable with plants under conventional lighting systems.     

红蓝光质对番茄幼苗氮水平和代谢关键酶及基因表达的影响

采用LED(发光二极管)精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘SV0313TG’为试材,设置红光、蓝光和红蓝(3︰1)组合光处理,以白光处理为对照,测定番茄幼苗叶片中主要含氮物质(全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质)含量和氮代谢关键酶[硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、天冬酰胺合成酶(AS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)]活性及其基因表达。结果表明,红蓝组合光处理下硝态氮含量、NR和GDH活性及6种氮代谢关键酶的基因表达量显著高于对照和其他处理,可溶性蛋白含量明显高于红光和对照处理,但与蓝光处理无显著差异;与对照和其他处理相比,蓝光处理下铵态氮和游离氨基酸含量显著升高,NR、NiR、GS和GOGAT活性及NR、NiR、GS2、FdGOGAT和LEAS1相对表达量显著高于对照;与对照相比,红光显著降低了全氮含量,NiR、GOGAT、GDH和AS活性及GDH1表达量均受到抑制。综上,与对照相比,红光处理降低了番茄幼苗叶片全氮含量和部分氮代谢酶活性;蓝光处理则提高了游离氨基酸和铵态氮含量;红蓝组合光能够提高氮代谢相关酶转录水平和部分关键酶活性,进而促进氮素吸收并向可溶性蛋白转化。可见,适宜比例的红蓝组合光可促进番茄幼苗氮的同化及转化氮的吸收,加速物质积累,进而促进番茄幼苗生长。