食品动物禁用兽药及非法添加物简介

1 食品动物禁用的兽药 1．1 禁用于所有食品动物的兽药 兴奋剂类：克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、西马特罗及其盐、酯及制剂;性激素类：己烯雌酚及其盐、酯及制剂;具有雌激素样作用的物质：玉米赤霉醇、去甲雄三烯醇酮、醋酸甲孕酮及制剂;氯霉素及其盐、酯（包括琥珀氯霉素）及制剂;氨苯砜及制剂;硝基呋喃类：呋喃西林和呋喃妥因及其盐、酯及制剂;呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃苯烯酸钠及制剂;硝基化合物：硝基酚钠、硝呋烯腙及制剂;催眠、镇静类：安眠酮及制剂;硝基咪唑类：替硝唑及其盐、酯及制剂;喹嗯啉类：卡巴氧及其盐、酯及制剂：抗生素类：万古霉素及其盐、酯及制剂。     

犬阴道脱出及子宫脱出的诊疗

阴道脱出及子宫脱出常见于母犬发情期及分娩前后.是由阴道壁及子宫的一部分脱出阴门.1诊断1.1询问病史主要了解分娩的时间及经过(如是否难产,产后努责的强弱、胎衣排出与否等),发病时间,发病前后母犬的全身情况及饲养管理情况,有无本病的既往史,发病后是否经过治疗及治疗方法如何,如系产前阴道脱出,尚应了解预产期.     

动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系模式研究

现代动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系具有对动物及动物产品生产全过程进行追踪和溯源的能力,在动物疫病控制、食品安全和国际贸易中发挥了越来越重要的作用。一些发达国家通过建立动物及动物产品标识及可追溯体系,加强动物及动物产品从农场到餐桌的全过程安全控制及监管,以保障动物及动物产品质量安全,维护公共卫生安全,促进畜牧业持续健康发展。本文论述了建立我国动物及动物产品标识与可追溯体系的目标、原则,标识技术研究,以及可追溯管理,提出了建立我国动物及动物产品标识追溯体系的主要措施。     

淮北矿业集团朱仙庄煤矿工人村阳光小区锅炉房集中供暖改造

介绍了朱仙庄煤矿工人村锅炉房的历史及现状、所用设备及供暖系统存在缺陷,改造的必要性,集中供暖改造实施方案及可行性分析,改造后取得的成果及实现的社会经济效益.     

Influence Analysis of Underground Mining on Ash Dam Body and Hydraulic Construction

根据灰坝及水工建筑物区域煤层开采情况,选取合理参数,对灰坝及附属水工建筑物移动变形情况进行了演算,结果表明灰坝及水工建筑物经受了Ⅱ级采动影响。灰坝及水工建筑物现场勘查结果表明,采动对灰坝及水工建筑物的结构影响轻微,经过简单维修加固可以消除采动影响。井下开采和灰坝及水工建筑物保护必须统筹兼顾,才能做到在充分合理回收煤炭资源的基础上,保证灰坝及水工建筑物的正常安全使用。     

我国肉类进口政策分析

1我国猪肉进口变化特点我国进口的猪肉产品包括鲜冷冻猪肉、猪杂、加工猪肉及猪杂等,其中,加工猪肉及加工猪杂进口量很低。我国进口的主要产品为冻猪肉及冻猪杂。2008年,我国猪肉及猪杂进口量大幅增加,超过90万t;2009年因政策及市场因素进口减少;此后再度持续增长,     

中西医结合治疗猪食盐中毒

春节前后至今,山东枣庄腾州地区及济宁地区流行一种侵害蛋鸭生殖系统的病毒性病,多发于初产及产蛋高峰期鸭,经实践观察及用药治疗确诊为鸭流感,现将发病及治疗情况介绍如下,供广大养鸭朋友参考,并作好预防工作。     

葡萄残渣及提取物在兔日粮中的应用研究进展

葡萄酒酿造副产品葡萄残渣含有丰富的常规营养成分和活性物质.葡萄残渣及提取物已作为天然的饲料原料及添加剂广泛应用于畜禽的日粮中,不仅能促进动物的生长和繁殖、机体健康及畜产品品质的提高,还能解决环境问题和资源浪费.因此,本文对葡萄残渣及提取物的营养价值、活性物质与生物学功能及在兔子生产中的应用进行综述,为葡萄残渣及提取物在...     

当前动物卫生检疫监督工作中存在的问题及对策

动物卫生检疫及监督工作是确保畜产品质量安全的重要措施,提高动物卫生检疫及监督工作水平,对保证一L市畜产品质量安全具有重要作用。笔者分析所在县动物卫生检疫及监督工作存在的问题,提出相应的对策建议,以提高基层动物卫生检疫及监督工作整体水平,提高动物产品质量及安全水平,以让人民吃上放心畜产品。     

马铃薯渣半固态发酵生产单细胞蛋白饲料研究

本试验采用半固态法,对马铃薯渣进行发酵、贮存及水分和蛋白质的测定。从降低成本及简化生产工艺操作出发,经过多次试验,确定出发酵剂、添加剂的最佳用量及对提高蛋白质的影响程度,最后得出最佳配方及生产工艺,为生产提供技术条件。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.