THE USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE SWIM BLADDER IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Seven normal koi (Cyprinus carpio) and seven koi with negative buoyancy were examined using computed tomography (CT) to assess the swim bladder. The volume of the swim bladder was calculated in all animals. In the healthy koi there was a statistical correlation (r=0.996) between body mass and swim bladder volume with volume (ml) being related to body mass according to the formula 4.9+0.054 × BM (g). In all koi with buoyancy problems, the gas volume of the swim bladder was reduced. Additionally, fluid was found within the swim bladder in three of the abnormal koi. CT proved to be a quick noninvasive technique for the examination of the swim bladder in koi.     

Spontaneous Harderian Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Female F344 Rat: A Case Report

Harderian gland tumors are extremely rare in female F344 rats. An expansive enlarging lesion of the Harderian gland with compression, distortion and invasion of the surrounding muscle was found in a 110-week-old female F344/DuCrj rat, which was diagnosed as a Harderian gland adenocarcinoma. Epithelial growth patterns such as glandular, lobular, papillary and duct forming patterns were exhibited in most areas of the tumor. The tumor cells were pleomorphic and atypical. In one part of the tumor, poorly differentiated areas were found. This case was observed in the middle dose group of a carcinogenicity study of diphenylamine, which was not carcinogenic, we determine to be this case was a spontaneous tumor.     

Canine Tumour Suppressor Gene p53 - Mutation in a Case of Adenoma of Circumanal Glands

Highly conserved regions of the tumour suppressor gene p53, including the typical human tumour hot spots (codons 175, 245, 248, 249, 273 and 282), were investigated in various canine neoplasms. A mutation CGG TGG (arginine tryptophan) was detected in codon 249 in an adenoma of the circumanal gland.     

HIGH-RESOLUTION PARATHYROID SONOGRAPHY

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of parathyroid ultrasonography to differentiate causes of hypercalcemia in dogs. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative ultrasound imaging findings and clinical pathology data from 33 dogs that underwent parathyroid ultrasound examination as part of the diagnostic evaluation for hypercalcemia. Diagnoses of the diseases causing hypercalcemia included parathyroid carcinoma (n = S), parathyroid adenoma (n = 15), parathyroid adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 6), chronic renal insufficiency (n = 3), and hypercalcemia of malignancy (n = 4). All parathyroid lesions were round or oval and hypoechoic compared with surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Adenomatous and adenocarcinomatous glands were 4 mm or larger in longest linear measurement on US examination and were statistically significantly larger than hyperplastic glands. (p < 0.001) Linear measurements of parathyroid glands acquired at the time of ultrasound examination correlated well with direct siz determination after surgical excision. (r²= 0.9, p < 0.0001) Parathyroid lesions <4 mm are highly suspicious for parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, while US lesions <4 mm most likely represent primary adenomatous hyperplasia or secondary parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid size estimation from ultrasound examination is an accurate predictor of true size.     

Two occurrences of presumptive venous air embolism in a gelding during cystoscopy and perineal urethrotomy

A 14‐year‐old Arabian gelding presented for evaluation of macroscopic haematuria. Routine cystoscopy was performed under standing sedation during which the horse collapsed with apparent seizure activity. General anaesthesia was induced and the horse recovered neurologically normal. Four days later, during a perineal urethrotomy procedure, the horse experienced a similar collapse with seizure‐like activity. General anaesthesia was again induced and cystoscopy performed through the urethrotomy incision. A ventral bladder mass was visualised and sampled. Cytology confirmed a neoplastic process and the horse was subjected to euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed transitional cell carcinoma. Air embolism was the suspected cause of loss of consciousness and seizure activity in both instances.     

动物乳腺干细胞研究进展

乳腺是一个高度活跃的器官,在青春期和生殖周期中,其上皮细胞发生了极大的变化。这些变化是由专门的干细胞和祖细胞推动的。研究乳腺干细胞对动物乳腺发育、哺乳和乳腺癌等方面都有着重大意义。如今,在乳腺干细胞生物学研究方面已经取得了显著进步。乳腺干细胞是组织学上未分化的上皮细胞,可以对称分裂产生两个相同的干细胞,或不对称地产生一个干细胞和一个腔上皮祖细胞或基底/肌上皮祖细胞。通过标记滞留细胞、染料排斥法、干细胞抗原-1标记、细胞表面标记物标记以及谱系示踪等方法可以鉴定出多种不同类型的乳腺干/祖细胞,应用多种不同方法分离鉴定乳腺干细胞有助于深入了解其异质性。乳腺的研究主要分为6个阶段：胚胎期、青春期、性成熟期、妊娠期、泌乳期和退化期。在乳腺不同发育阶段,乳腺干/祖细胞的类型及特性不同。有研究表明,在胚胎期就有基底和管腔谱系的祖细胞产生,静止的乳腺干细胞也可能来自于胚胎期,出生后,静止干细胞可以在卵巢激素的刺激作用下重新进入细胞周期,产生乳腺细胞谱系和自我更新。作者介绍了乳腺干细胞和祖细胞的存在、形态特征、鉴定方法,简述了乳腺干细胞在胚胎期、青春期和妊娠期的特征,分析了目前该领域研究的不足之处以及对未来应用的展望。     

舍内气态及气载有害物质对猪群健康的影响及其控制技术

 论文综述了猪舍内气态、气载有害物质的种类和危害,介绍了猪舍内空气净化的主要方法。     

EFFECT OF WETNESS LEVEL ON THE SUITABILITY OF WET GAUZE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR SUPERFLAB® AS A BOLUS MATERIAL FOR USE WITH 6 MV PHOTONS

Despite the availability of commercial tissue equivalent bolus material, wet gauze has an application in radiation therapy to provide superior conformance to irregular contours. Wet gauze bolus has the potential to reduce air gaps between the bolus and surface, which could decrease surface dose if sufficiently large to disrupt electronic equilibrium. Wet gauze bolus is often fabricated and wetness judged qualitatively. We assessed the effect of specific gauze wetness levels, quantified in terms of physical density, at various field sizes with respect to their effectiveness as bolus material compared with Superflab^®. For large fields, >7 × 7 cm² in this study, wet gauze sponges with a physical density of 1.02 g/cm³ performed essentially identical to Superflab^®; at a smaller field size the wet gauze was slightly less effective, likely due to the heterogeneity of the gauze-water matrix. Gauze that was wetter, with a physical density of 1.2 g/cm³, or less wet, with a physical density of 0.75 g/cm³ was not as effective either due to enhanced photon absorption in the wetter sponges, or less effective establishment of electronic equilibrium in the less wet sponges. The presence of an air gap under Superflab^® led to reduced surface dose, especially for small fields and large air gaps. Thus, if Superflab^® use leads to poor contact with the skin, wet gauze having a physical density of 1.02 g/cm³ can be used as a substitute. Judging the water content of wet gauze subjectively is not acceptable as over- or under wetness can lead to decreased effectiveness of the bolus material.