八角落花落果的几种防治措施

八角又名茴香,是我国南亚热带地区的珍贵经济林树种,其产品主要有八角茴香和茴香油,是优良的调味香料和医药原料,是我国传统出口     

优良绿化树种下垂白千层引种驯化试验初报

在下垂白千层引种驯化试验的基础上，对下垂白千层的生物学特性、生态习性、适应性、繁殖与栽培技术、经济价值与用途进行了较全面的总结，下垂白千层可作为优良的园林绿化树种和防护林树种在我国南亚热带地区推广。     

西南桦的生长特征及栽培技术

西南桦是云南热带山地，南亚热带地区的速生珍贵用材树种。通过对其生物学特性及生长特征的调查研究，总结出西南桦的采种，育苗和造林技术措施，旨在推动西南桦在热带，南亚热带地区的迅速发展。     

我国南亚热带珍优乡土阔叶树种大径材人工林的培育

在我国南亚热带地区培育珍优阔叶树种大径材人工林,可以兼顾珍贵用材生产和生物多样性保护、生态效益最大化追求、森林生态系统稳定性维持,实现森林可持续经营.近20余年的研究和实践增进了人们对珍优乡土阔叶树种的了解,必须重新评价其林学特性和重要性.经营珍优乡土阔叶树种大径材人工林的关键技术环节在于:依据生境异质性和树种特性细致规划林地,使用良种壮苗,适时调控林分密度,运用多树种混交,通过抹芽修枝培育无节良材,实施择伐和林隙更新保证森林生态系统稳定.本文以红椎为例,对经营珍优乡土阔叶树种的经济效益进行了概算,并提出了珍优阔叶树种大径材培育的未来优先研究方向.     

热带速生珍贵紫檀属树种

系统介绍世界范围内紫檀属树种的种娄、分布、生长特性,人工林营造术材性质与加工利用．非木质林产品利用等。蝶形花科紫檀属分布于世界热带地区多为速生珍贵树种其材质优良．属红大之列,为世界名材。我国已有部分栽培,并对引种前景进行评述。     

珍优乡土阔叶树种大径材人工林的培育技术

在我国南亚热带地区培育珍优阔叶树种大径材人工林,可以兼顾珍贵用材生产和生物多样性保护、生态效益最大化追求、森林生态系统稳定性维持,实现森林可持续经营。本文总结了经营珍优乡土阔叶树种大径材人工林的关键技术环节并以红椎为例,对经营珍优乡土阔叶树种的经济效益进行了概算,并提出了珍优阔叶树种大径材培育的未来优先研究方向。     

我国西南桦的地理分布与适生条件

西南桦是我国热带、南亚热带地区以及部分中亚热带地区的速生、珍贵用材树种。论述了我国西南桦天然林水平分布和垂直分布的基本特点探讨了西南桦的适生条件,为西南桦天然林的保护与人工林的发展提供理论依据。     

滇木花生实生苗培育技术

滇木花生为滇西南热带、南亚热带地区分布的珍贵用材树种,为国家二级保护树种,其野生资源已较少,主要分布于保护区内。本文主要描述了滇木花生的形态特征和生物学特性,并探讨了其种子采集、贮藏、种子处理、容器苗培育管理等技术。     

大果紫檀的育苗栽培技术

大果紫檀是珍贵的红木类树种,原产东南亚热带地区,引种到云南西双版纳热带植物园生长迅速,心材形成千,并大量结果,是优良的珍贵造林树种.文章对其种子特性、生态习性、育苗及造林技术作了较详细的介绍.建议在云南、海南岛、台湾、广东、广西、福建等省区条件适宜地区进行试种并发展造林.     

世界紫檀属树种及其在我国的引种前景

蝶形花科紫檀属树种大多为珍贵用材树种,在全世界各热带地区均有分布。其木材材质优良,属红木之列,为世界名材。文章系统介绍了世界紫檀属树种的种类、天然分布、经济价值以及造林和经营技术,并展望了紫檀属树种在我国的引种和发展前景,旨在为紫檀属树种在我国的引种、栽培提供信息和依据。     

山西省优良乡土阔叶树种研究初报

辽东栎、臭椿、皂荚等优良乡土阔叶树种在山西省分布广、适应性强,但在造林绿化中应用很少。课题组科技人员经过6 a时间,在山西省境内调查了主要优良乡土树种的分布情况,收集保存了14种优良乡土阔叶树种的优树共641株,并建立了优树档案;通过试验掌握了13种树种的无性繁殖方法,建设繁育圃15 hm2,采穗圃2.2 hm2,基因库4 hm2,测试林45 hm2,初步选择出优良无性系35个;审定了辽东栎1个新品种,申报了皂荚1个新品种;建立辽东栎母树林42 hm2,制定了《辽东栎育苗技术规程》和《栎类母树林建设技术规程》2个地方标准。     

Effects of management, environment and landscape conditions on establishment of hardwood seedlings and saplings in central Japanese coniferous plantations

There is an increasing need to restore natural hardwood forests in landscapes dominated by monocultural conifer plantations. A convenient restoration approach is to exploit natural regeneration processes. Natural regeneration, however, is affected by diverse interacting factors, for which better understanding is required, in order to optimize restoration programs. To identify optimal management practices for improving natural regeneration of hardwood trees in coniferous plantations, we examined the effects of multiple factors on the abundance of seedlings, small saplings and large saplings (height <0.3, 0.3-1.3 and ?1.3 m, respectively) of hardwood tree and shrub species in both line thinned (LT) and unthinned (UT) plantations of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hardwood forests (HF) in central Japan. The effects of management practices (number of the times of weeding and cleaning, thinning method, years after thinning and forest age), environment (slope position, slope angle and canopy openness), and landscape conditions (distance from nearest hardwood forest, altitude and landuse before planting) on the number of hardwood individuals were examined by using the data obtained from the LT plantations. We also compared hardwood density between LT and UT plantations to examine the effect of line thinning. Finally, we examined species composition of LT plantations and HF to identify hardwood forest components in the thinned plantations. The effects on hardwood regeneration of environmental conditions, landscape factors and management practices applied in the plantations varied, depending on the size class and life form of the regenerating species. The abundance of large saplings of tall tree species was affected by several management factors, especially number of the times of weeding. Landscape conditions (distance from the nearest hardwood forest and altitude) affected the abundance of small saplings and seedlings of tall tree species, but not the other classes. Seedlings and small saplings of many tall tree species that contribute to hardwood forest canopies were less abundant in the LT plantations. The results show that numerous factors affect the establishment and abundance of naturally regenerating hardwood tree species, and suggest that successful establishment during early plantation stages can have long-lasting effects on natural regeneration of tall tree species.     

浅析凭祥红木家具产业发展中存在的问题及对策

对凭祥市红木家具产业的现状、面临的问题进行调查分析,提出凭祥市红木家具产业可持续发展的4点建议:一是明确发展定位,转变经营模式;二是加快红木家具代用树种或深色名贵硬木家具用材树种开发;三是加强人才与技术的培养与引进;四是加强市场监管与质量监督。     

汕头中小水库水源林改造树种的选择及其模式配置

以汕头市中小水库水源林为研究对象,全面踏查区域内水源林的阔叶树种种类和主要森林群落类型;选择该区域林分形成时间较长、群落特征明显、建群树种以阔叶树种为主的林分设立标准地进行调查,根据调查中出现的阔叶树种、主要群落类型的树种组成和结构功能、造林试验和有关文献资料推荐的适宜该区域造林的树种等综合因素,提出了台湾相思等18种中小水库水源林优化的适生树种;以现有森林群落的评价选优为基础,根据主要森林群落的结构、功能分析数据筛选了台湾相思林等5个林分优化配置模式。为特定区域的林分经营提供一套具有科学依据、实用价值高的技术应用方案。     

Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests

Silvicultural systems integrate both regeneration and intermediate operations in an orderly process for managing forest stands. The clearcutting method of regeneration favors the development of species that are moderately intolerant to intolerant of shade. In fact, clearcutting is the most proven and widely used method of successfully regenerating bottomland oak species in the South. The seed-tree method of regeneration favors the establishment of light-seeded species. Mechanical soil scarification may be necessary if the desired species requires bare mineral soil for establishment. The shelterwood method of regeneration can provide for the development of heavy-seeded species, but has produced highly variable results with southern bottomland oaks. The single-tree selection method of regeneration favors the development of shade-tolerant species. When single-tree selection is applied repeatedly to stands containing commercially valuable shade-intolerant species, composition will gradually shift to less-valuable, more-tolerant species. Consequently, the single-tree selection method of regeneration is not recommended for any commercially valuable bottomland hardwood tree species. Group selection, in its strictest application, creates only small openings that usually fail to allow sufficient light to the forest floor for satisfactory establishment and development of shade-intolerant bottomland species. Patch cutting, a combination of uneven-aged (group selection) and even-aged (clearcutting) silviculture, designed to create larger openings, has been successfully used to produce an uneven-aged stand that consists of many small, irregularly shaped, even-aged groups. Silvicultural systems should include a planned program of intermediate operations designed to enhance the growth and development of those species favored during the regeneration process. Improvement cutting and commercial thinning are increasingly common in southern bottomland hardwood forests. Other partial cuttings employed today in bottomland hardwood forests typically involve some form of crop-tree release. Specific recommendations for the selection of silvicultural systems are presented for the eight most important species groups found in southern bottomland hardwood forests.     

不同类型毛竹林植物物种多样性研究

通过对不同类型毛竹林植物物种多样性的研究,结果表明:毛竹林内物种是丰富的,但较大部分物种是脆弱的;乔木层植物物种多样性指数与林下木本植物物种多样性指数相关显著,与草本植物物种多样性指数相关不显著,乔木层物种多样性指数小于林下植物物种多样性指数;木本植物物种多样性指数,竹阔混交林＞竹针混交林＞毛竹纯林,粗放经营竹林＞中等集约经营竹林＞集约经营竹林;林下草本植物物种多样性指数,竹针混交林＞毛竹纯林＞竹阔混交林,中等集约经营竹林＞粗放经营竹林＞集约经营竹林;竹阔混交林向毛竹纯林转型时,林下木本植物部分丧失,而草本植物将可能增加,也可能减少.     

黄榆优良无性系选择试验

在对牡丹江地区黄榆资源进行初步调查的基础上,对优良单株进行了无性系选择实验,以期培育出生长迅速抗寒抗病黄榆新品系,为保护利用这一珍贵阔叶树种提供保障。     

Study of landscape change under forest harvesting and climate warming-induced fire disturbance

We examined tree species responses under forest harvesting and an increased fire disturbance scenario due to climate warming in northern Wisconsin where northern hardwood and boreal forests are currently predominant. Individual species response at the ecosystem scale was simulated with a gap model, which integrates soil, climate and species data, stratified by ecoregions. Such responses were quantified as species establishment coefficients. These coefficients were used to parameterize a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS. Species response to climate warming at the landscape scale was simulated with LANDIS, which integrates ecosystem dynamics with spatial processes including seed dispersal, fire disturbance, and forest harvesting. Under a 5 °C annual temperature increase predicted by global climate models (GCM), our simulation results suggest that significant change in species composition and abundance could occur in the two ecoregions in the study area. In the glacial lake plain (lakeshore) ecoregion under warming conditions, boreal and northern hardwood species such as red oak, sugar maple, white pine, balsam fir, paper birch, yellow birch, and aspen decline gradually during and after climate warming. Southern species such as white ash, hickory, bur oak, black oak, and white oak, which are present in minor amounts before the warming, increase in abundance on the landscape. The transition of the northern hardwood and boreal forest to one dominated by southern species occurs around year 200. In the sand barrens ecoregion under warming conditions, red pine initially benefits from the decline of other northern hardwood species, and its abundance quickly increases. However, red pine and jack pine as well as new southern species are unable to reproduce, and the ecoregion could transform into a region with only grass and shrub species around 250 years under warming climate. Increased fire frequency can accelerate the decline of shade-tolerant species such as balsam fir and sugar maple and accelerate the northward migration of southern species. Forest harvesting accelerated the decline of northern hardwood and boreal tree species. This is especially obvious on the barrens ecoregion, where the intensive cutting regime contributed to the decline of red pine and jack pine already under stressed environments. Forest managers may instead consider a conservative cutting plan or protective management scenarios with limited forest harvesting. This could prolong the transformation of the barrens into prairie from one-half to one tree life cycle.     

坡向、坡位对水曲柳中龄林生长与生物量分配的影响

水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)是我国东北林区珍贵的阔叶用材树种,研究其适宜生长的立地条件具有重要的生态和经济价值。本研究在帽儿山地区水曲柳中龄人工林不同坡向、坡位设置样地,进行胸径、树高的测定,并通过异速生长方程,估计总生物量、地上与地下生物量的分配。结果表明:坡向和坡位对水曲柳中龄林林分的生长有重要影响。坡向对林分平均胸径和优势树高的影响要大于坡位,但双因素方差分析表明,仅坡向对优势树高有显著的影响(P<0.05)。总体而言,西向坡林分生长状况好于东向坡,而且坡下与坡上林分生长状况的优劣,强烈地受到坡向的影响,并且在不同坡向上表现出相反的关系。