沅江苎麻产业化发展的思路与探讨

本文在概述沅江市苎麻产业化发展的优势条件、存在问题后,提出了全市苎麻产业化发展应围绕优质高效、巩固生产优势、资源利用、扩大加工规模、加工增值、延接产业链、市场拓展、建立健全购销体系的发展思路.促进产业发展应突出产业重点、提升产业水平、培育龙头企业、加强质量监管四条举措.     

浅谈四川苎麻产业的优势、前景与发展思路

本文从生态环境、创新实力、生产规模、原麻加工和社会环境等方面分析了四川苎麻产业发展的优势;而苎麻纤维的独特性、苎麻产物的多用途、苎麻生产的轻简化、原麻的耐贮性和种植苎麻的生态效益等特点,使苎麻成为发展潜力较大的朝阳产业;在总结我国苎麻产业发展经验,结合四川苎麻产业发展现状,提出了四川苎麻产业持续稳定发展的新思路.     

四川苎麻产业发展现状与对策

本文介绍了四川苎麻种植、加工、贸易现状,分析了四川苎麻产业发展优势以及存在的问题,并提出了相关建议.     

达州苎麻产业基地现状与对策建议

本文介绍了低谷期达州苎麻产业的生产、加工基地现状:苎麻种植面积减少,原麻产量和品质下降,机械化收剥程度低,缺乏加工基地整合资源优势.分析了产业发展存在的不利因素及潜在优势,提出了在基地建设方面的几点建议:各级领导予以重视,建设高标准的苎麻原料生产基地,打造具有达州特色的加工产业集群基地.     

大竹县苎麻产业现状与对策

中国加入WTO、西部大开发的实施及农业结构的调整给大竹县苎麻生产、加工带来了千载难逢的大好机遇.苎麻是大竹县的一大传统优势作物,但如何加快苎麻产业发展,迎接市场挑战,已成为当前苎麻生产、加工中的一大课题.为此,找准苎麻生产、加工中存在的问题,提出相应的对策,提升原麻及其制品档次,满足市场需求显得十分迫切.     

湖南苎麻产业现状与可持续发展的思考

苎麻是具有中国特色的天然纺织原料,"世界苎麻在中国,中国苎麻在湖南",湖南的苎麻产业具有资源优势、加工优势、科研优势和产品出口优势.经过几十年的发展,湖南的苎麻产业确立了在全国的领先地位,但目前仍存在亟待突破的瓶颈:麻农劳动生产率偏低,深加工能力不强,市场集中度不够,环保减排压力大和产学研结合不紧等.要实现湖南苎麻产业可持续发展,促进农村经济和外贸出口增长,必须进一步加强政策支持和引导,推广高产优质新品种,提高深加工能力,打造知名品牌,拓宽销售市场.     

我国苎麻剥制加工机械的研究现状与发展

苎麻是我国重要的经济作物,其剥制加工一直是制约苎麻产业化发展的瓶颈之一.本文概要介绍了我国苎麻剥制加工机械及标准的研究现状,提出当前适用的苎麻剥麻机和今后的发展方向.     

越南苎麻产业发展现状、存在问题及优势

文章作者通过在越南实地考察苎麻种植产业、气候条件,对越南苎麻产业现状和存在问题进行归纳,同时与中国苎麻产业情况进行比较,找出其优势,旨在为中国从事苎麻生产、加工、外贸、科研及决策的有关单位提供相关信息.     

浅谈重庆市涪陵区实现苎麻产业化经验

本文概述涪陵区苎麻产业化趋势.苎麻是涪陵区调整农业结构的一个主导项目,区政府决定建立较大规模的种植区域,并全部实现良种化,为企业提供优质原料产品.围绕原料基地建设,当地政府、涪陵苎麻加工企业、农业部门、中国农科院麻类所积极配合协作,采取各种具体措施来促进和推动苎麻种植产业化.今年种植已达2万亩,明年计划再发展2万亩,争取达到4万亩以上的总体目标.最后,本文分析了涪陵产业化趋势特点,并提出了讨论意见.     

四川苎麻产业发展现状与对策

本文介绍了四川苎麻种植、加工、贸易现状，分析了四川苎麻产业发展优势以及存在的问题。并提出了相关建议。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.