药物氯丙嗪对麻羽肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

为探讨氯丙嗪对优质肉种鸡繁殖性能的影响,将150只健康的36周龄麻羽肉种鸡D系父母代种母鸡随机分为5组,其中4个试验组饲喂氯丙嗪:试验1组至4组每鸡每天分别饲喂10 mg 、15 mg、20 mg、25 mg,连饲喂2 d停药5 d,再重复一次;对照组不使用氯丙嗪.结果表明:经药物处理的第1周,试验2组产蛋率显著提高,其他各组无明显提高.药物处理的第2周,试验1组产蛋率提高显著.用药2周内试验2组平均产蛋率提高,试验1组种蛋平均合格率下降,其他各组无显著差异.     

微囊丁酸钠对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响

为了研究微囊丁酸钠对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响,试验选用6 732只42～45周龄的黄羽肉种鸡,按照初始周龄无差异原则随机平均分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1 122只黄羽肉种鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,微囊丁酸钠组在基础饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg。试验分为两个阶段：预饲期4周,试验期9周,共13周。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组黄羽肉种鸡各周平均产蛋率和1～9周平均产蛋率均显著提高（P<0.05）,且1～9周平均产蛋率较对照组提高6.63%;(2)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组种蛋活胚率和孵化率显著提高（P<0.05）,活胚出苗数提高2.25只。综上所述,饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg能够提高黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能和繁殖性能,增加经济效益。     

不同饲喂程序对种鸡繁殖性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同时间点饲喂种鸡对其繁殖性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择健康、体重一致的雌性Cobb种鸡375只和雄性种鸡150只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复35只(25只雌性和10只雄性)。各组分别在上午8点(处理1组,饲喂1次),8点和15点(处理2组,饲喂2次)和15点(处理3组,饲喂1次)饲喂相同的日粮,试验共进行13周。结果显示:处理3组产蛋率在同一周显著低于其他各组(0.05);处理1组较其他两组显著提高鸡蛋比重(P 0.05);处理3组较处理1组显著提高了蛋黄和蛋壳的重量(P 0.05)。一天饲喂两次(处理2组)鸡蛋蛋壳大肠杆菌数量(36周)较其他各组和周龄最高(P 0.05)。处理1组较处理2组显著提高了受精蛋孵化率(P 0.05)。处理2组和处理3组较处理1组显著提高了胚胎死亡率(P 0.05)。结论 :上午8点饲喂一次可以降低胚胎死亡率,下午3点饲喂1次降低种鸡产蛋率,但可以提高鸡蛋的比重、蛋黄、蛋壳重量及蛋壳厚度。     

饲粮钙水平对49～56周龄黄羽肉种鸡繁殖性能和胫骨性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮钙水平对49～56周龄黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、繁殖性能(产蛋性能、孵化性能、蛋品质)、血清钙和磷含量及胫骨性能的影响。选用49周龄父母代黄羽肉种鸡540只,根据体重分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18只。处理1为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,钙水平为2.75%,处理2～6为试验组,饲喂在基础饲粮中添加不同水平石粉替代沸石粉使钙水平分别为3.00%、3.25%、3.50%、3.75%和4.00%的试验饲粮,其他营养水平各处理基本一致。试鸡限饲粉料125 g/d,自由饮水,试验期8周。结果表明:饲粮钙水平对试鸡末重、平均日增重、平均蛋重、破蛋率、不合格蛋率、孵化性能、血清钙和磷含量、胫骨性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3.00%钙水平组试鸡料蛋比显著低于3.50%钙水平组(P<0.05),而与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3.00%钙水平组试鸡产蛋率和日产蛋重显著高于除3.25%钙水平组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。根据双折线模型估测49～56周龄黄羽肉种鸡获得最佳产蛋率和日产蛋重的饲粮钙需要量均为3.00%,日摄入量均为3.75 g/d。     

大豆黄酮对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在探索添加大豆黄酮后对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响。选取43周龄体况接近一致(体重、产蛋率)的肉种鸡S2系母鸡240只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只:选取1组作为对照组,饲喂无大豆黄酮的基础饲粮,其余3组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加5、10、20 mg/kg大豆黄酮。再挑选20只强健的S2系公鸡采集精液,混精对试验鸡进行人工授精,试验期为15周。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆黄酮对S2系母鸡体增重、采食量及死亡率无显著影响(P0.05)。2)添加大豆黄酮后能显著提高产蛋率(P0.05),其中10 mg/kg组产蛋率提高了4.1%(P0.05),日产蛋量提高了3.5%(P0.05),为3组最佳。5、10 mg/kg组料蛋比分别降低了8.0%和11.2%(P0.05)。3)10 mg/kg组受精率、孵化率和健雏率分别提高了13.1%、20.5%和5.8%(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加大豆黄酮能显著影响肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能,其中10 mg/kg组综合效果最佳。     

益康XP对肉种鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

为了研究饲料添加剂—益康XP对肉种鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响。试验饲粮分为2个处理,处理一不添加益康XP,处理二添加益康XP 5mg/kg,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只公鸡、500只母鸡,预试期为1周,试验期为16周。试验结果表明:益康XP显著提高种鸡产蛋率、受精率、受精蛋孵化率和哈氏单位,降低料蛋比,对平均体重、平均蛋重、种蛋合格率、健雏率、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、罗氏比色值、蛋黄比例和蛋白比例无显著影响。     

微囊丁酸钠对哈伯德肉种鸡生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加微囊丁酸钠对哈伯德肉种鸡死淘率、产蛋率、合格种蛋率、蛋重及血清生化指标的影响.选择45周龄的哈伯德肉种鸡50000只,随机分为2组,每组5个重复.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg微囊丁酸钠(丁酸钠含量为30％).试验期为12周.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组肉种鸡第9～1...     

日粮添加不同精油对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率及肌肉成分含量的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同精油对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率、屠宰率及肉品质的影响。选取健康、体重一致的1 d雌性AA商品代肉仔鸡900只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,处理组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加45 mg/水杨酸杆菌肽、400 mg/kg肉桂精油、400 mg/kg丁香精油和400 mg/kg香芹精油,试验共进行42 d。结果显示:处理1组和处理2组较其他各组显著提高了1~14 d和1~42 d肉鸡平均日增重和期末体重(P0.05),同时显著降低了1~14、15~28 d和1~42 d肉鸡料重比(P0.05)。处理1组和处理2组较其他各组显著提高了肉鸡干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P0.05)。处理2组单位体重氮摄入量和单位肌肉重量氮摄入量显著低于对照组和处理3组(P0.05)。处理2组和处理3组总氮、单位体重及单位肌肉重量氮排泄量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),而总氮沉积量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。处理1组和处理2组较其他各组显著提高了肉鸡屠体和胴体重量(P0.05),处理1组腿肌相对重量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。处理1组和处理4组较其他各组显著提高了腿肌灰分含量(P0.05),而处理1组腿肌粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组、处理2组和处理3组(P0.05)。处理1组n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于对照组、处理2组和处理4组(P0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,日粮添加400 mg/kg肉桂精油可以提高肉鸡的生长性能、促进营养物质的消化率,降低总氮排泄量。日粮添加肉桂精油可以很好替代抗生素,以确保肉鸡生长性能维持正常水平。     

棉粕代替豆粕对蛋种鸡生产性能影响的研究

试验用棉粕代替部分豆粕,其目的是在不降低蛋种鸡生产性能的前提下,降低成本,提高经济效益。选择新罗曼蛋种鸡832只,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂不含棉粕的基础日粮;其他3组为试验组,分为试验1、试验2、试验3组,分别饲喂棉粕含量为4%、5%、6%的日粮。试验结果表明:试验1组(4%)与对照组相比产蛋率维持不变,经显著性检验差异不显著(P?0.05),受精率、孵化率显著下降(P?0.01);试验2、3组比对照组的产蛋率显著提高(P?0.01),受精率、孵化率显著下降(P?0.01)。表明在蛋种鸡饲料中添加4%～6%的棉粕,产蛋率可以维持不变,而受精率、孵化率显著下降。     

饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响。选择288只产蛋率和体重接近的45周龄岭南黄羽肉种母鸡,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10、20、30 mg/kg植物精油。试验期10周。结果显示：1)饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡的平均日产蛋重、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)对照组的蛋白高度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组的哈氏单位显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的蛋壳厚度显著低于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。3)对照组的受精蛋孵化率显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。4)对照组的卵巢系数显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的输卵管重量和输卵管系数显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。5)对照组的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0...     

Effects of Bile Acid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of White Feather Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胆汁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和脂类代谢的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.071)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量有降低趋势(P=0.054),血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.090)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸可以降低白羽肉鸡料重比,提高屠宰率,对脂类代谢有一定的改善作用。     

蛋白酶和益生菌复合制剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和粪便有害气体排放的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加蛋白酶和益生菌复合制剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和粪便有害气体排放的影响.试验选取体重接近、健康的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡192只,按照体重随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加蛋白酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、酵母菌复合制剂的基...     

Effects of Cyclosporin A on Blood Pressure, Baroreceptor Reflex and Renal Function in Dogs

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on baroreceptor reflex and renal function. Fifteen male mongrel dogs weighing 13-18 kg were divided into three groups and were treated orally as follows: group 1, enalapril 0.5 mg/kg per day for 10 days; group 2, CsA 20 mg/kg per day for 7 days; group 3, enalapril 0.5 mg/kg per day for 3 days combined with CsA 20 mg/kg per day for 7 more days. Measurements of blood pressure and of baroreflex response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE) and renal function studies were performed on the days before and after receiving drugs. In group 1, both systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were unaltered, while diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) was reduced significantly. In group 2, all pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) increased significantly. Group 3 showed no change in blood pressure. Studies of baroreceptor reflex showed that only dogs in group 2 had decreased sensitivity to PE without changing the setpoint. No change of the reflex was found in other groups. Renal function studies were unaltered in all groups. The data indicate that CsA increased blood pressure, which may be due to decreased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity mediated via activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.     

甜菜碱对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究甜菜碱对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。选用400只1日龄雌性黄羽肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加125、250、500、1 000 mg/kg甜菜碱。试验期74 d。结果表明：1)饲粮中添加甜菜碱可显著降低皮下脂肪厚度和肌间脂肪宽度(线性,P<0.05),对屠宰率、全净膛率无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮中添加甜菜碱可显著降低胸肌24和48 h滴水损失(线性与二次,P<0.05),且各试验组的胸肌24和48 h滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加甜菜碱可显著提高胸肌中不易流动水的峰面积比(线性,P<0.05),显著降低胸肌中不易流动水的出峰时间、自由水的出峰时间、结合水的峰面积和结合水的峰面积比(线性,P <0.05),且500、1 000 mg/kg甜菜碱添加组胸肌中自由水的出峰时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加甜菜碱可显著提高胸肌粗脂肪含量(线性,P<0.05),且1 000 mg/kg甜菜碱添加组胸肌中粗脂肪含量显著高...     

二吡啶除草剂敌草快与肾上腺皮质激素引起胎鼠动脉管收缩的作用研究

本文研究了敌草快和肾上腺皮质激素对胎鼠动脉管的收缩作用。取妊娠19、20、21 d的大鼠,各随机分成2组。试验组皮下注射7 mg/kg敌草快,观察胎鼠动脉管收缩情况;取妊娠19 d大鼠,随机分成4组,试验1组未切除肾上腺,2、3组切除肾上腺。1、3组皮下注射7 mg/kg敌草快,第2组和对照组注射生理盐水,观察胎鼠动脉管收缩情况,并且测定母鼠血浆中肾上腺皮质激素的浓度;取妊娠19、20、21 d大鼠,各随机分成2组,试验组皮下注射40 mg/kg肾上腺皮质激素,观察胎鼠动脉管收缩情况,另用80 mg/kg肾上腺皮质激素,重复上述操作。结果表明:敌草快和肾上腺皮质激素对妊娠末期胎鼠动脉管具有收缩作用,且引起收缩的临界期均在胎龄19￣20 d。     

Economic benefits of prophylaxis with diclazuril against subclinical coccidiosis in lambs reared indoors.

One hundred and twenty weaned male lambs, naturally infected with Eimeria species, were used to assess the economic benefits of the prophylactic administration of diclazuril. They were randomly divided into four groups of 30 lambs on the basis of their bodyweight and output of oocysts. The groups were either left untreated (group 1), treated orally with a simple dose of diclazuril at 1 mg/kg (group 2), with two doses two weeks apart (group 3), or with sulphadimethoxine at 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days (group 4). No clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the groups. The output of oocysts was significantly reduced on day 7 after treatment in group 2, on days 7, 14 and 28 in group 3 and on days 7 and 14 in group 4. No significant differences were found between the treated and untreated groups for bodyweight, carcase weight and carcase classification. The mean fattening period was shorter for the treated lambs (52 and 55 days) than for the untreated controls (60 days). The average growth rate of the lambs treated twice with diclazuril and with sulphadimethoxine was improved and the feed conversion rates of the lambs treated once or twice with diclazuril were 7 per cent and 16 per cent better than that of the untreated lambs.     

Effect of ad lib and restricted milk feeding on the course of illness and body weight in young calves with diarrhea

Two different feeding regimens for calves (age up to 21 days) suffering from acute diarrhea were evaluated with respect to course of illness and change in body weight. The patients of the experimental group were given whole milk ad libitum three times a day. The patients of the control group were offered whole milk at a rate of 13% their body mass per day divided into three meals. In addition, both groups were offered an oral rehydration solution at a rate 9.5% of body mass per day, also divided into three portions. Data from 60 calves (30 in both groups) were available for statistical analysis. The duration of illness in the experimental group was 10.9 +/- 6.0 days vs. 10.0 +/- 5.2 days in the control group. The daily increase of body mass in the experimental group averaged 0.607 +/- 0.452 kg, the one in the control group 0.230 +/- 0.231 kg (p = 0.0002). The calves of the experimental group required 13.16 +/- 11.18 I milk per kg weight gain, the calves of the control group 21.39 +/- 12.80 I. Six calves of the experimental group and two calves of the control group subsequently had a relapse. On the basis of the results obtained, a feeding regimen for calves suffering from acute diarrhea is suggested.     

Effects of anabolic and therapeutic doses of dexamethasone on thymus morphology and apoptosis in veal calves

Three groups of 10 veal calves were treated, respectively, with 5 mg of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate administered intramuscularly on days 0 and 7 (group A); 0.4 mg/day of dexamethasone-21-phosphate administered orally for 20 days (group B); or left untreated as controls (group C). Two animals from each group were slaughtered on day 3, 7, 14, 32 and 52. The size and weight of the thymus decreased progressively in both treated groups until day 32. On day 14, in comparison with the controls, there was a mean reduction of 76 per cent in the thymus weight of group A and 35 per cent in group B. On day 32, the reductions were 13 per cent in group A and 50 per cent in group B, but the thymus weight of both groups had recovered completely by day 52. Dexamethasone-induced changes in thymus weight associated with lymphoid depletion and fat replacement, and there were clear correlations between these changes and apoptosis of thymocytes.     

Efficacy of moxidectin 1% injectable against natural infection of Sarcoptes scabiei in sheep.

Thirty ewes naturally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis, were allocated into three groups of 10 animals each. Animals in groups B and C were treated on day 0 and on days 0 and +10, respectively, with moxidectin 1% injectable at a dose of 0.2mg moxidectin/kg body weight (BW). Group A remained untreated. Seven days before treatment, the geometric mean of Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis per square centimeter of skin in groups A, B and C were not significantly different. From the day of treatment to the end of the trial, the average number of mites/cm(2) increased in untreated animals and decreased in groups B and C, but these values were higher for group C. Active lesions produced by S. scabiei var. ovis consistently increased during the trial in the untreated animals; in group B the minimum count occurred on day +56 this reduction being more evident in group C (no lesions on days +49 and +56). Also in this group, the number of cured animals was 100%, therefore, the application of two treatments with moxidectin (group C) showed higher efficacy than a single treatment (group B). Body condition score decreased in the three experimental groups along the trial. All animals were individually weighed on days -1, +28 and at the end of the trial. No adverse reactions were observed in the animals treated with 0.2mg moxidectin/kg BW.     

Factorial models to estimate isoleucine requirements for broilers

The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of utilization (EU) and produce factorial models for optimal isoleucine (Ile) intake. Six dose–response trials were carried out, three for males and three for females, with 640 Ross 308 in each studied phase. The initial (1–14 days), grower (15–28 days) and finisher (29–42 days) phases were evaluated to cover the growing phase of the broiler chicken. In total, eight treatments were randomly distributed to four replicates of 20 birds each. The treatments consisted of seven crescent levels of Ile and one counter proof to ensure that Ile was the first limiting amino acid in the diet. Dilution technique was applied to produce the levels of Ile and keep the amino acid ratio with lysine. The EU was determined to account for whole body or partitioned for feather‐free body (Bff) and feather. Two distinct factorial models were adjusted, M1 and M2. The M2 model was evaluated for one or two EU, being denominated as M2 and M3. When the efficiency was partitioned, the values of 53% and 69% for feather and Bff were determined. The optimal Ile intake estimated for each model were of 275, 908, 1,412 mg of Ile/bird/day (M1); 258, 829, 1,321 mg of Ile/bird/day (M2); and 284, 835, 1,288 mg of Ile/bird/day (M3) for initial, grower and finisher phases respectively. The EU partitioned for feather‐free body and feather reduced the biased of the model M3. Overall, higher values of Ile intake are estimated when model M1 is used, which may be the difference in account for body weight gain (M1) or only protein gain (M2 and M3) to estimate the amount of amino acid required for broiler.