传染性胰腺坏死病的诊断与防治

一、传染性胰腺坏死病的发病和流行情况1.传染性胰腺坏死病的发病情况传染性胰腺坏死病(IPN)是鲑科鱼类鱼苗、幼鱼的一种高度传染性和急性病毒性疾病。1941年Mgonigle首次报道加拿大大西洋鲑(Salmosalar)患此病,1960年Wolf等首次从河鳟病鱼中分离出了传染性胰脏坏死病     

鱼类传染性造血器官坏死病临床诊断及检测

<正>鱼传染性造血器官坏死病(Infectious haematopoietic necrosis of fish,IHN)。是一种毒力很强的弹状病毒所引起的的急性、全身性的严重传染病。该病主要侵害虹鳟,包括硬头鳟、大鳞大马哈鱼、红大马哈鱼和大西洋大马哈鱼,银大马哈鱼(银鳟)在自然条件下对IHN病毒有抵抗力。     

虹鳟传染性造血器官坏死病-传染性胰腺坏死病重组腺病毒载体的构建

传染性造血器官坏死病和传染性胰腺坏死病是以感染鲑科鱼类为主的两种传染病。为克隆传染性造血器官坏死病病毒IHNVG基因和传染性胰腺坏死病病毒IPNVVP2基因,并构建其重组腺病毒载体。利用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出IHNVG基因和IPNVVP2基因,通过多基因片段同源重组技术将IHNVG基因和IPNVVP2基因克隆到pAdTrack-CMV载体上,经过线性化后与pAdEasy-1载体在BJ5183菌体内同源重组,构建出重组腺病毒质粒,经PCR及NotⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定后,再经PacⅠ线性化后用于转染HEK-293细胞,获得重组腺病毒。通过绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)的表达来监控重组腺病毒的复制情况,用western blot法分别检测糖蛋白(G蛋白)和VP2蛋白的表达,并测定重组病毒的滴度。结果显示,克隆出的IHNVG基因和IPNVVP2基因总长度为3 036 bp。该病毒在HEK-293细胞中分别表达出蛋白分子质量约为58 kD和54 kD的产物,其滴度为1.0×10^9.5 mL^-1 TC...     

鱼类传染性造血组织坏死病(IHN)的病毒学特征和流行病学特点

传染性造血组织坏死病(Infectious Hem atopoietic Necro-sis,IHN)是北半球鲑鱼科内常见的急性病毒性传染病,常造成鱼苗或幼鱼70%~90%的死亡率,在某些病例中甚至接近100%,对世界鲑鱼的水产养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失[1-4]。早在20世纪50年代,Rucker和Ross等人分别对红大马哈鱼     

一株虹鳟源传染性胰腺坏死病病毒的分离与鉴定

为明确引起四川石棉某养殖场饲养的虹鳟患病死亡的病原体,实验对自然发病虹鳟进行大体病变观察并对其病原体进行分离,通过人工感染实验及多重RT-PCR鉴定确定病原体WZ160509,并对病原体的主要结构蛋白VP2进行扩增分析,同时对病变组织进行组织病理学观察。结果显示,患病鱼主要临床症状表现为体表发黑,腹部膨大,挤压腹部可见肛门喷射淡黄色黏液便;剖检可见肝脏、肾脏苍白;肠道内无食物,内积黄色黏液。将患病虹鳟组织匀浆液无菌接种虹鳟鱼生殖腺细胞系(rainbow trout gonad cell line,RTG-2)细胞,盲传3代均出现典型的细胞病变。人工感染实验显示死亡率高达90%,并出现与自然患病鱼相同的症状。多重RT-PCR检测发现,自然发病鱼、人工感染鱼以及病变RTG-2细胞均为传染性胰腺坏死病病毒(infectious pancreatic necrosis virus,IPNV)阳性,其主要结构蛋白VP2基因与美国分离株基因组1型聚为一支,且同源性分析表明,WZ160509-VP2与IPNV-VP2(AY026345)的同源性最高,序列一致性为95.8%。组织病理学观察显示,患病鱼胰腺细胞空泡变性,坏死;肝细胞空泡变性,坏死;肾小球轻度炎症,毛细血管通透性增加,肾小囊腔内有红色絮状蛋白类物质渗出,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性。研究表明,从该养殖场患病虹鳟中分离到的病毒为IPNV。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病的诊断与防治

猪传染性胃肠炎是由冠状病毒引起的一种高度接触性肠道传染病,发病后引起仔猪死亡或生长停止,成年猪的生长缓慢,饲料报酬的降低,为危害养猪业的重要传染病之一。从猪传染性胃肠炎病的诊断与防治进行了阐述。     

鲑鱼传染性胰脏坏死病临床诊断及检测

鲑鱼传染性胰脏坏死病（infctious pancreatic necrosis in trout,IPN）是鲑科鱼类的一种高度传染性的急性病毒疾病。该病主要病症是胰脏坏死。该病于1940年首次发现于加拿大的鲑科鱼,目前已遍及欧洲、亚洲和美洲等。     

鸭传染性浆膜炎诊断与防治

鸭传染性浆膜炎是由鸭疫巴氏杆菌引起的一种急性传染病。本病近几年来呈现上升的趋势，发病率和死亡率都明显增加，已成为生产中头号传染病。此病不但会造成雏鸭大量死亡，而且对以后的蛋鸭生长和产蛋都有明显的负面影响，给养鸭户带来严重的经济损失。     

山羊传染性结膜角膜炎的诊断与防治

传染性结膜角膜炎,又名“红眼病”,是牛、羊的一种急性传染病,以结膜角膜发炎、流泪、眼睑肿胀、角膜浑浊为特征。山羊传染性结膜角膜炎是一种传染性疾病,对山羊生长及山羊业的发展都具有一定的危害,因此在养羊生产中,对该病应引起重视,指导农户加强饲养管理,注意圈舍卫生,定期     

猪传染性胃肠炎的诊断与防治措施

猪传染性胃肠炎是一种常见的动物急性传染疾病,在各个生长年龄阶段的猪身上都有发病可能,其传染速度非常快,如果在发病早期不及时处理很容易造成大面积患病的局面,并且该疾病对于幼龄猪的致死率非常高,由于该病长期对养殖户造成了巨大的经济损失,针对猪传染性胃肠炎的防治和预防研究很早之前就开始了,经过多年来的经验积累和相关技术的成熟,研究人员已经根据发病机理调配出针对其的特效药物和治疗手段,针对猪传染性胃肠炎的临床鉴别和预防相关工作进行简单的科普介绍。     

超分支滚环扩增法检测传染性脾肾坏死病毒

用超分支滚环扩增法检出传染性脾肾坏死病毒。超分支滚环扩增法包括锁式探针的连接及超分支滚环扩增法扩增两部分,通过研究锁式探针的最佳连接体系和连接条件,并进行超分支滚环扩增法反应条件的优化,得出的本研究最适反应条件为:锁式探针在T4 DNA连接酶作用下37℃连接20 min,接下来的超分支滚环扩增法在Bst DNA聚合酶大片段作用下61℃反应40 min,即能够实现靶序列的有效检出。灵敏度试验表明,超分支滚环扩增法所能检测到的最低模板量接近1 copy。在4种病毒中进行的特异性试验表明,本方法能够保证对传染性脾肾坏死病的特异性检测。     

Genetic parameters for resistance to Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis in pedigreed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts using a Reduced Animal Model

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) is an important cause of mortality and economic loss across all species of commercially farmed salmonids, and genetic variation in survival to IPN challenge has been previously demonstrated. In order to exploit this variation in the development of resistant strains, robust procedures are required to quantify the extent of genetic variation and to provide estimated breeding values used to select candidates for breeding. This paper applies a recently developed implementation of the Reduced-Animal Mixed-model procedure (RAM) to field data describing percent mortality following IPN epidemics in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon, covering 1369 full-sib family groups distributed over four years and a total of seven sites. Pedigrees were established through a combination of electronic (PIT) tagging and parentage assignment using microsatellite DNA analysis. Heritabilities between 0.07 and 0.56 (s.e. < 0.04) were obtained, genetic correlations between sites sharing the same families were uniformly high, 0.70 to 0.85, (s.e. < 0.06) and low levels of fullsib family effect due to common environment (proportion of phenotypic variance 0.04, s.e. 0.002) were observed. These results confirmed that exploitable genetic variation exists for mortality to IPNV over a range of epidemiological conditions inherent in field data, which can be used to select strains of salmon with increased resistance to IPNV.     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)及虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)的荧光定量PCR检测

2013年,河北、天津等地区养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)育苗期出现死苗、出苗率低的情况,生产上,仔虾个体大小差异较大,造成了严重损失.本研究采用荧光定量PCR方法(Real-time PCR)对天津大港地区采集的108尾凡纳滨对虾仔虾样品进行单尾病原检测.结果显示,传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHHNV)和虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei,EHP)均有检出.IHHNV阳性检出率100％,每微克对虾组织DNA的病毒拷贝数为103-107,且个体较大的样品(1.2-2.0 cm)携带病毒拷贝数偏高;EHP阳性检出率为49.1％,每微克对虾组织DNA的拷贝数为103-105,且集中于个体较小样品(0.7-1.1 cm).对IHHNV和EHP阳性凡纳滨对虾样品进行生物学体长与病毒载量指数相关性分析,显示IHHNV载量指数与对虾生长速率呈正相关,虾组织IHHNV平均载量达8.51×104 copies/μg DNA,为较高的感染水平;EHP的载量与对虾生长速率呈负相关关系,与较大个体阳性检出率较低相对应,虾组织EHP平均载量达到2.19× 104 copies/μg DNA,为较高的感染水平.由此,该批凡纳滨对虾仔虾患病为IHHNV和EHP的混合感染所致,本研究数据为IHHNV和EHP病原混合感染流行情况及其对养殖育苗期仔虾生长的影响提供科学依据.     

采用OIE标准检测养殖对虾中传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)的PCR检出类型

利用世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐的4对引物(389F/R、392F/R、77012F/77353R 和309F/R),通过普通 PCR 方法,对本实验室2011?2012年采集于国内不同地区的对虾样品进行 IHHNV(Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus)检测,并对国内存在的 IHHNV 检出类型进行初步分析。检测结果显示,在凡纳滨对虾、斑节对虾、中国对虾、宽沟对虾中均检测出了 IHHNV,而在脊尾白对虾中未检出。其中凡纳滨对虾阳性率最高,中国对虾阳性检测率最低。对虾样品2011年阳性率高于2012年,华东地区高于华北、华南两地。此外,根据4对引物的检测结果,得到国内 IHHNV 的4种 PCR 检出类型。     

Induction of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in covertly infected Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts by stress exposure, by injection of IPN virus (IPNV) and by cohabitation

Atlantic salmon post-smolts were given an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of tissue homogenate of Atlantic salmon fry from an outbreak of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), and cohabitants were given an ip injection of Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS). Parallel treatment groups were exposed to recurrent episodes of environmental stress by water drainage twice a week. Fish injected with EBSS and non-injected fish were exposed to water drainage. The control fish were left untreated. Mortality due to IPN started 3 weeks after challenge in non-injected and EBSS-injected fish that had been exposed to water drainage. This showed that the fish used in the experiment were covertly infected with IPN virus (IPNV) prior to challenge, although no virus was detected in the fish sampled before the experiment. In fish that received an injection of IPNV, mortality started 5-6 days after challenge, regardless of the presence or absence of stress exposure. The EBSS-injected cohabitants started to die after an additional 5-6 days, also regardless of the presence or absence of stress exposure. The final cumulative mortality in the IPNV-injected fish was significantly lower than in the EBSS-injected cohabitants, thus suggesting that the secondary immune response after injection of IPNV provided more protection than the response after a water-borne infection. No disease outbreak was observed in the control fish.     

Appearance of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,During Seawater Adaptation

About 7% mortality occurred in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during seawater adaptation at a marine farm in the South Sea of Korea during the winter of 2014. Most diseased fish showed petechial hemorrhaging of gills and internal fat with enlarged spleen. Although no parasites or bacteria were isolated from the diseased fish, all tissue filtrates produced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in fathead minnow and Chinook salmon embryo‐214 cells. The cell culture supernatant showing CPE contained specific 1527‐bp fragment for the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein gene by polymerase chain reaction. Their nucleotide sequences shared 98.1–98.2% identities with IHNV RtUi02 isolated from rainbow trout in Korea. This isolate (RtGoH14) was closely related to Korean IHNV isolates of genogroup JRt rather than to those of North American and European genogroups. These results suggest that this IHNV isolate might have been introduced to rainbow trout farm (land‐based culture system) in Korea. This is the first report of IHNV infection in rainbow trout during seawater adaptation in Korea.