菠萝蜜种子海绵蛋糕的研制

将菠萝蜜种子粉加入传统海绵蛋糕中,制成菠萝蜜种子海绵蛋糕,通过单因素试验结合正交试验对菠萝蜜种子海绵蛋糕配方进行优化,确定该蛋糕最优配方为：菠萝蜜种子粉30 g,低筋粉70 g,鸡蛋180 g,细砂糖90 g,水10 g。烘烤温度为面火200 ℃,底火170 ℃,烘烤时间15 min,按此配方制作出的蛋糕组织均匀,口感柔软,香味浓郁。     

低脂酸奶荞麦蛋糕生产工艺研究

以低脂酸奶、玉米淀粉、荞麦粉等低脂低糖材料为主料,采用正交试验设计研究低脂酸奶荞麦蛋糕的生产工艺条件。结果表明,该产品的最佳工艺条件为酸奶添加量60 g,烘烤时间35 min,抗性淀粉添加量15 g,荞麦粉与低筋面粉配比3∶7,此时蛋糕的感官及口味最佳。     

D-最优混料法优化木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕配方

为探究木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕的最优配方,以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验,筛选牛肝菌粉、木糖醇、牛奶及蛋糕表面核桃颗粒的最适添加量;使用D-最优混料法优化牛肝菌粉、木糖醇、牛奶的最佳配比。结果表明,蛋糕最优配方为：牛肝菌粉3.94 g,木糖醇15.55 g,牛奶16.01 g,蛋清70 g,蛋黄35 g,低筋面粉12 g,玉米淀粉6 g,食用油13 g,蛋糕表面添加核桃颗粒0.3 g。蛋糕烘烤条件为：上下火均为130 ℃,时间30 min。使用该配方和工艺制作的木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕菌香浓郁、松软可口,为适合各年龄段人群食用的休闲食品。     

高粱粉海绵蛋糕的研制

将高粱粉加入海绵蛋糕中,通过一定的加工工艺制成高粱粉海绵蛋糕,并通过单因素试验和正交试验确定蛋糕最优配方为高粱粉添加量25%,低筋粉添加量75%,鸡蛋添加量200%,蛋糕油添加量3%,白砂糖添加量80%,色拉油添加量20%,水添加量10%,按此最优组合生产出的蛋糕组织均匀、口感柔软、香味浓郁。     

烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的研制及质构特性分析

将黑蒜和山药加入马铃薯粉中,研制烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片。以感官评分和质构特性为评价指标,探讨黑蒜粉添加量、山药粉添加量、白砂糖添加量、食盐添加量以及烘烤温度和烘烤时间对烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片制作配方及工艺。结果表明,烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的最佳配方及工艺为：马铃薯粉添加量30 g,白砂糖添加量9 g,油添加量2 g,食盐添加量1.0 g,黑蒜粉添加量1.5 g,山药粉添加量9 g,水添加量50 mL,烘烤温度145℃,烘烤时间22 min。按此配方及工艺条件生产的黑蒜山药薯片质地均匀,无裂纹,口感较好,入口爽脆,有独特的黑蒜风味。研究结果为新型薯片的研制提供技术支持。     

酸枣叶保健饼干的研制

以低筋面粉为主要原料,添加不同量的酸枣叶粉、绵白糖、鸡蛋,设置不同的烘烤温度及烘烤时间,以感官品质评价为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合的方法确定酸枣叶保健饼干最佳工艺条件。结果表明,酸枣叶饼干最优工艺为：低筋面粉100 g,酸枣叶粉3 g,绵白糖35 g,鸡蛋50 g,碳酸氢钠0.8 g,泡打粉2 g,淀粉3 g,烘烤温度为145 ℃,烘烤时间为17 min,所烘烤的饼干具有良好的感官品质,色泽均匀,有酸枣叶独特的风味,甜度适中,质地细腻。     

低糖荞麦蛋糕加工方法的研究

以荞麦、白砂糖、水和泡打粉为主要原料,对加工低糖荞麦蛋糕方法进行试验,通过正交试验,确定4者最佳添加量。试验结果表明,添加荞麦粉100g,面粉150g,白砂糖80g,水150g,泡打粉4g时生产出的蛋糕品质最佳。     

低糖雪莲果蛋糕的研制

以雪莲果果浆、面粉、白砂糖、鸡蛋等为原料,研制营养丰富、品味纯正、适合广大消费者及特殊人群需求的低糖雪莲果蛋糕。通过正交试验确定最佳产品配方为：鸡蛋500 g、白砂糖70 g、面粉300 g、雪莲果果浆125 g,可生产出风味独特、营养丰富的低糖雪莲果蛋糕。     

无糖茯苓保健蛋糕的工艺研究

以茯苓粉代替部分蛋糕粉,以木糖醇代替白砂糖,研制出一种具有一定营养保健的功能食品——无糖茯苓保健蛋糕。通过单因素试验及正交试验,采用感官评定方法,分析茯苓、木糖醇、蛋糕油3个因素对蛋糕品质的影响,并确定无糖茯苓保健蛋糕的最佳配方为蛋糕粉250 g,木糖醇135 g,茯苓粉50 g,鸡蛋500 g,蛋糕油20 g,水75 g,色拉油37.5 g,盐3.5 g。     

天麻豆渣蛋糕的研制

以天麻、豆渣为主要辅料进行天麻豆渣蛋糕的制作,探讨天麻浆质量分数、豆渣粉质量分数、鸡蛋液温度、和面时间及烘烤时间对天麻豆渣蛋糕感官品质的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化天麻豆渣蛋糕最佳工艺条件。结果表明,天麻豆渣蛋糕的最佳工艺条件为：天麻浆质量分数5%,豆渣粉质量分数10%,鸡蛋液温度40 ℃,和面时间9 min,烘烤时间16 min,在此工艺条件下制得的天麻豆渣蛋糕表面金黄、有光泽,质地柔软、有弹性,风味纯正、不油腻。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.