莪术醇饵剂对达乌尔黄鼠抗生育效果研究

对0.2%莪术醇饵剂进行了达乌尔黄鼠抗生育效果野外试验,结果显示:雌体怀胎下降率达到了73.78%,平均胎仔数下降了32.75%,抗生育效果极为显著,在试验区未发现天敌二次中毒及非靶动物的误食中毒现象,也未发生人畜禽误食中毒现象,草原使用安全;但药物作用持续时间需进一步研究。     

0.2%莪术醇抗生育剂防治森林害鼠试验

对新型雌性抗生育药剂0.2%莪术醇饵剂进行防治森林害鼠登记药效试验和技术推广试验,平均取食率分别为70%和95%,表明在林区野外防治中适口性良好.药剂对雌成鼠的怀胎下降率分别达到67.1%和73%,抗生育效果极为显著,并且对雌孕鼠的胎仔数也有一定的影响,成鼠胎仔数有下降趋势.在试验区未发现天敌2次中毒及非靶动物的误食中毒现象,试验过程中也未发生人、畜、禽误食中毒现象,表明该药剂不污染环境、不伤害天敌、保护生物多样性,使用安全,具有环境友好型生物农药的优点.     

氟啶脲饵剂灭杀白蚁效果测定

采用强迫取食法测定0.1%氟啶脲饵剂对台湾乳白蚁和黄胸散白蚁的毒性,琼脂打孔法测定该饵剂对白蚁的引诱性,白蚁活动处直接施药法测定饵剂在野外灭杀白蚁的效果。结果表明:强迫取食0.1%氟啶脲饵剂的台湾乳白蚁和黄胸散白蚁分别在70 d和55 d内全部死亡,该饵剂对两种白蚁的平均引诱率分别为50.96%和54.44%,但灭杀整巢白蚁的速度较慢,在8—9月施药,需3～8个月才能完成。由此可见,0.1%氟啶脲饵剂对两种白蚁有良好的防治效果。     

复合不育剂对森林害鼠生殖阻断的研究

复合不育剂对森林害鼠生殖阻断的研究张春美，吴克有，陈荣海，赵日良，杨春文（林业部森林病虫害防治总站１１００３４）使用不育剂单项药物棉酚对雌性小白鼠、褐家鼠的大量试验中，抗生育作用已被肯定。应用全部来源于植物加工物和提取物配制成的复合不育剂，对森林害鼠...     

拉萨半干旱河谷新植林鼠(兔)害调查及防治试验

2009—2010年对拉萨半干旱河谷地带新植林采用堵洞与夹日法进行了鼠(兔)种类和密度调查,结果表明鼠(兔)种类有黑唇鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson和白尾松田鼠Pitymys leucurusBlyth,在新植林地洞口密度为905.07洞/hm2,有效洞口率是31.66%,有效洞口系数为0.18,鼠(兔)密度为50.64只/hm2。饲养和实地监测发现,两种鼠(兔)对新植林地的金丝垂柳、白榆、藏青杨、北京杨4种树的危害株率均在25%以上。选用P-1拒避剂、0.2%莪术醇抗生育剂和克鼠星1号杀鼠剂单独、交叉施药进行防治实验,结果表明单独施用克鼠星杀鼠剂的效果是暂时的,单独施用拒避剂和莪术醇抗生育剂的效果是缓慢的,同时混合施用3种药剂18个月后捕鼠(免)率、有效洞数、植株受害率分别下降了90%,81.23%,85%,效果较持久。     

人工投放地芬·硫酸钡饵剂防治梭梭林大沙鼠试验初报

应用人工洞口投放20.02%地芬·硫酸钡饵剂对阿拉善左旗地区梭梭林大沙鼠进行适口性和药效试验。结果显示:投药后6 d,大沙鼠对20.02%地芬·硫酸钡饵剂的消耗率为98.40%;投药后10 d,投药量为每洞口6,8,10 g的处理区校正有效洞口减退率分别为75.70%,86.94%,82.19%,捕获率减退率分别为50.00%,50.00%,69.23%;每洞口8 g处理区的校正有效洞口减退率显著高于6 g处理区;未发现非靶标动物中毒死亡。大沙鼠对该药剂的适口性良好;在阿拉善左旗地区人工投放20.02%地芬·硫酸钡饵剂以每洞口8～10 g为宜。     

不同化学疏花剂对桃坐果率和果实品质的影响

【目的】筛选适宜的桃化学疏花剂及其浓度,探究不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂对桃坐果率及果实品质的影响。【方法】以3年生晚熟桃'秋甜'为试验对象,于盛花期喷施不同浓度的NAA、6-BA、石硫合剂3种化学疏花剂,以喷清水和自然坐果分别为对照,在果实采收时调查不同处理的坐果率和果实品质,研究不同处理对桃坐果率和果实品质的影响。调查的果实品质指标包括平均单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量等。【结果】与对照相比,喷施不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂,'秋甜'桃坐果率均明显下降,且与NAA、6-BA、石硫合剂浓度呈负相关,即随其浓度的增加,坐果率明显下降。从保证产量和疏花疏果效果方面综合考虑,盛花期喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA或相对密度1.001 4 g/cm~3的石硫合剂效果较好,坐果率分别为24.04%、27.95%、26.63%。与对照相比,喷施不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂均明显提高了平均单果质量。其中,以喷施相对密度1.002 8 g/cm~3的石硫合剂、20 mg/L的NAA、0.2 g/L的6-BA的平均单果质量较高,分别为388.54、384.56、380.12 g,且与其他处理差异显著。各处理均提高了可溶性糖含量,喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA或相对密度1.002 1 g/cm3的石硫合剂显著提高了可溶性固形物含量。喷施20、30 mg/L NAA或0.1、0.2 g/L 6-BA提高了可滴定酸含量。【结论】盛花期喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA对'秋甜'桃有较好的疏花效果,并且能提高果实品质。     

生根剂和季节对马尾松嫩枝扦插生根率的影响

以马尾松组培苗为采穗母株,开展了生根剂类型及浓度、插穗浸泡时间和扦插季节等因子对扦插生根效果影响的研究,为马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)优良种质的高效利用提供技术支持。结果表明:不同浓度IAA、IBA、NAA和ABT1生根剂对马尾松组培苗插穗生根有一定的促进作用,生根率为12.4%～20.7%,总体效果较差,同一生根剂不同浓度处理间差异不明显;自制生根剂扦插生根率随生根剂浓度增大先上升后下降,各浓度间差异显著,其中,以100 mg/L浓度扦插效果最好,生根率达到86.8%。插穗生根率随浸泡时间延长先上升后下降,不同浸泡时长间生根率差异显著,其中,以浸泡4 h效果最好,生根率达到82.1%,与快蘸相比提高了191.1%。不同季节扦插生根率和生根时间差异明显,平均生根率以秋季最高(97.1%),春季次之(81.1%),夏季最低(32.3%);平均生根时间在春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别为35、29、47、62 d。实际育苗生产中,可根据马尾松组培苗插穗生根特点,选择在夏季和冬季进行母株管护和更新,以提高生产效率。     

迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅲ)——超临界CO2萃取法

超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法之一.迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油超临界CO2萃取的优选条件为:萃取时间 4 h,夹带剂 95% 乙醇与迷迭香叶子的质量比为2∶5,萃取罐和分离器I的温度分别为50和 70 ℃,分离器II的温度为 40 ℃,萃取压力 20 MPa,分离压力为4～5 MPa.迷迭香精油的平均得率为 1.80%,迷迭香精油主要含有1,8 - 桉叶素、樟脑、α - 松油醇、龙脑、马鞭草烯酮、 4 - 松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯和芳樟醇等成分.迷迭香抗氧化剂的平均得率为 11.93%,主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,其质量分数分别为 23.61%、 7.33% 和 5.13%.     

木麻黄林星天牛发生动态及不同防治措施比较

2010年8月—2011年3月在福建省惠安赤湖国有防护林场,对2007年5月营造的木麻黄种质资源库不同无性系的星天牛发生情况进行调查,并使用2%噻虫啉微胶囊悬浮剂、树干涂白剂、涂白剂+噻虫啉微胶囊悬浮剂、白僵菌菌条等4种防治措施进行星天牛林间防治。结果表明,木麻黄不同无性系的星天牛幼虫有虫株率的变化趋势是一致的,呈现先下降后稳定的趋势,即在11月以前,不同无性系上的星天牛有虫株率呈显著下降的趋势,而11月—翌年3月,有虫株率呈现出较稳定的状态;不同木麻黄无性系的有虫株率差异明显。不同防治措施的有虫株率均极显著低于对照(无防治措施),且除了涂白剂与涂白剂+噻虫啉2种防治措施间有虫株率(分别为10.2%、9.1%)差异不显著外,其它防治措施间有虫株率均存在显著差异;使用白僵菌菌条绑缚在树干基部处理的有虫株率(8.7%)最低,防治效果(82.7%)最好;而树干基部喷洒2%噻虫啉微胶囊悬浮剂2000倍液处理的有虫株率(24.5%)较高,防治效果(36.5%)最差。     

Effect of synthetic hormones on reproduction in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mastomys natalensis</Emphasis>

Rodent pest management traditionally relies on some form of lethal control. Developing effective fertility control for pest rodent species could be a major breakthrough particularly in the context of managing rodent population outbreaks. This laboratory-based study is the first to report on the effects of using fertility compounds on an outbreaking rodent pest species found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Mastomys natalensis were fed bait containing the synthetic steroid hormones quinestrol and levonorgestrel, both singly and in combination, at three concentrations (10, 50, 100 ppm) for 7 days. Consumption of the bait and animal body mass was mostly the same between treatments when analysed by sex, day and treatment. However, a repeated measures ANOVA indicated that quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel treatments reduced consumption by up to 45%, particularly at the higher concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. Although there was no clear concentration effect on animal body mass, quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel lowered body mass by up to 20% compared to the untreated and levonorgestrel treatments. Quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel reduced the weight of male rat testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles by 60–80%, and sperm concentration and motility were reduced by more than 95%. No weight changes were observed to uterine and ovarian tissue; however, high uterine oedema was observed among all female rats consuming treated bait at 8 and 40 days from trial start. Trials with mate pairing showed there were significant differences in the pregnancy rate with all treatments when compared to the untreated control group of rodents.     

Potential effects of lignan-enriched flaxseed powder on bodyweight, visceral fat, lipid profile, and blood pressure in rats

The potential effects of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside lignan-enriched flaxseed powder (LEFP) on bodyweight, visceral fat, lipid profile, adipokines, and blood pressure were investigated using rats, divided into four groups (n=8); a normal control diet (NC), a normal control diet with 0.02% LEFP (NCL), a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFD), or a high-fat and high-fructose diet with 0.02% LEFP (HFDL). Liver, heart, kidney, adipose tissues, and blood were collected following 12-weeks on the diets. The average body weight of the HFD group was significantly higher than those of the NC, NCL, and the HFDL groups (P<0.05). Also, the average weights of kidneys from the HFD and HFDL groups was higher than those of the NC and NCL groups (P<0.05), although not significantly different in the weights of livers and hearts. The visceral fat weight was significantly higher in rats in the HFD group, but notably reduced in the HFDL fed rats (P<0.05). Accordingly, plasma leptin increased significantly in rats fed the HFD diet, higher than rats fed the HFDL diet. Also, the rats in the HFDL group showed improved lipid profile, compared to the rats in the HFD group (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in blood pressure was observed in the rats of the HFDL group compared to the HFD group (P<0.05). These data suggest that the LEFP supplementation may provide beneficial effects such as the reduction of bodyweight and fat accumulation, the lipid profile improvement, and blood pressure control.     

辽阳地区松纵坑切梢小蠹防治试验

本文对松纵坑切梢小蠹防治技术进行了较为系统的防治试验,结果表明:采取营林措施预防,平均梢被害减退率可达到73.5%;林间设置饵木诱杀,平均越冬虫口减退率可达到56.7%;利用聚集信息素诱捕器诱捕,平均梢被害减退率可达到82.2%;根部喷施8%氯氰菊酯微胶囊水剂200倍或1.5%对硫磷粉剂,杀虫效果均在95.0%以上;在平均气温20℃条件下,利用56%磷化铝颗粒剂12 g.m-3熏蒸饵木,第5天的杀虫效果达到100.0%。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对环颈雉繁殖机能影响的研究

主要探讨了酶制剂对环颈雉繁殖机能的影响。分别在种雉日粮中添加 0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %淀粉酶、0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %中性蛋白酶、0 3 %纤维素酶 +0 3 %淀粉酶 +0 4%中性蛋白酶。试验结果表明 ,种雉总产蛋数、产蛋总重及产蛋率均有明显提高 ,种蛋受精率、孵化率也有所提高 ;同时 ,料蛋比及啄蛋数、碎蛋数均有明显降低。平均蛋重及种蛋品质无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,种蛋中粗蛋白、无氮浸出物含量有所提高。综合比较 ,以添加 0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %中性蛋白酶 ,作用效果最好。     

樟子松幼林地投放袋装毒饵灭鼠试验初报

森林害鼠尤喜啃食樟子松幼树地际的树皮,致其养分与水分运输阻断而死亡。利用袋装毒饵和散投毒饵在樟子松人工林地进行灭鼠试验,结果表明:袋装毒饵不影响害鼠咬食,灭鼠效果优于散投毒饵;袋装毒饵比散投毒饵的残效期延长达5个多月,两者差异显著。投放袋装毒饵是一种安全、有效的灭鼠方法。     

薄壳香茶油的油脂油质及其对大鼠血脂影响的初步研究

近十年来国际国内的大量调查与实验表明：占工业化国家中死亡和发病首位,并在发展中国家日益上升的心血管病疾病,与膳食结构中的脂肪来源有密切关系;并且,在中、老出     

Efficacy of male scent glands and urine in masking poison bait odour in female house rats, Rattus rattus

Experiments were carried out to possibly reduce bait shyness of female house rats by masking the poison (rodenticide-Zn₃P₂) with male pheromonal gland secretions, i.e. preputial/cheek glands and urine. The poison bait mixed with the extract of preputial and cheek glands, and urine was found to be effective in masking poison bait shyness. Preputial and cheek gland extracts cumulatively mixed with poison bait increased the poison bait consumption and consequently the mortality of female rats. The results reveal that among three pheromone sources, preputial gland extract was the most effective followed by urine and cheek gland extract. The results further reveal that the urine and glandular secretion from male origin may have the ability to increase the poison bait acceptance in female rats probably by altering the taste memory by pheromone odours.     

陈山红心杉连栽林地土壤肥力综合评价

【目的】研究红心杉连栽对地力和林分生产力的影响,为红心杉人工林的可持续经营提供数据参考。【方法】选取立地条件相同的第1(G1)、2(G2)、3(G3)代红心杉人工幼林林地为研究对象,采用空间替换时间的方法,测定第1、2、3代红心杉幼林地0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层中的土壤酶活性及主要理化性质,利用主成分分析法综合评估不同代次红心杉幼林林地的土壤肥力,探究与分析连栽红心杉林地肥力下降的主要影响因子。【结果】土壤肥力的综合评价指数F值的变化范围为5.993^-4.436,23个评价指标通过“降维”成3个主成分,累计贡献率达88.913%,其中,第1主成分贡献率为71.862%,第2主成分的贡献率为9.123%,第3主成分的贡献率仅有7.927%;随着连栽代次增加和土层加深,土壤水分和孔隙指标均呈降低趋势;大量元素、有效微量元素、脲酶和磷酸酶活在第1、2、3代之间均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】在当前的种植方式下,随着红心杉连栽代次的增加,土壤肥力和容蓄能力下降,脲酶、磷酸酶、全P、碱解N、速效K、有效Cu、有效Mn和有效Fe是影响土壤肥力的关键要素。     

Studies on food selection behaviour of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) on farms

Measures used to control Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) on farms are frequently unsuccessful due to poor bait uptake. In pest-control operations, rats always have the choice between the farms own food resources and the bait. In this study we analysed the individual selection behaviour in two rat colonies when the rats were offered a familiar bait which matched the food on the farm and a bait which was unknown. Bait stations equipped with video and transponder technology were installed in two differently structured areas on a farm. In four experiments, a familiar foodstuff (rolled oats) was put out for 3 days, and then at one of the stations, a test bait was put out for 4 days. The relative palatability of the test baits was known from laboratory experiments. The visits of marked individuals were registered, and the amounts consumed were estimated in the video evaluation. Location preference was determined by offering identical food in two neighbouring bait stations. Social interaction was evaluated using the video recordings. The bait stations were visited on a daily basis irrespective of the supply. Food selection patterns (and bait acceptance) observed in the two differently structured areas on the farm were different. However, the relative palatability among the four test baits was stable and agreed with the ranking in laboratory experiments. Over the days of the experiment there was no significant difference in bait acceptance. Location preference and social interaction influenced the choice of bait station. The results show that it is possible to predict bait palatability in the laboratory, which is an important prerequisite for good bait uptake. However, the bait acceptance level is ultimately determined by the prevailing living conditions in the respective area. For optimising bait uptake, the structure of the areas on the farm must be considered just as much as findings about location preferences and social interaction.