微绿球藻、隐藻和颤藻竞争氮磷营养的通径分析

分别将微绿球藻、啮噬隐藻和绿色颤藻进行单培养和混合培养,分析其对氮、磷营养盐的吸收及竞争作用。结果表明,3种微藻对氮磷的吸收速率为颤藻>微绿球藻>隐藻,培养至第10天时,无机氮的吸收量分别为13.496、7.533和6.739mg/L,无机磷的吸收量分别为2.165、0.581和0.510mg/L。以通径分析法研究3种微藻两两混合培养时对氮、磷的作用程度,发现微绿球藻和颤藻共培养,二者对氮磷的吸收量均有所降低;微绿球藻和隐藻共培养,微绿球藻对氮磷的吸收起主要作用;隐藻和颤藻共培养,隐藻被颤藻抑制,颤藻对氮磷的吸收远大于隐藻。     

青霉素应用于三种海洋微藻保存培养的研究

本文采用青霉素处理三种常用海洋微藻，研究不同青霉素浓度对处理藻类的培养与保存的影响。结果得出：在第5d内2000IU／L以上浓度对三角褐指藻的生长有明显抑制，第10d以后各组生长率趋于一致；在100～1000IU／L范围内，添加青霉素有利于异胶藻的培养和保存，在青霉素浓度为500～1000IU／L时效果较好，培养至第4d的方差分析表明其对异胶藻培养有显著性差异；与对照组相比，浓度在250～1500IU／L范围内，青霉素对巴夫藻的生长有一定抑制作用，但其第4d的方差分析表明无显著性差异。     

接种密度对产油微绿球藻和三角褐指藻生长及油脂性能的影响

微藻生物柴油是新能源开发的热点之一.为了提高微藻作为生物柴油原料的性能,研究了接种密度对两种产油微藻(微绿球藻Nannochloropsis oculata和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum)生长性能及细胞油脂特性的影响.结果表明,两种微藻细胞采收密度或采收生物量与接种密度正相关,而细胞增殖效率与接种密度负相关(P＜0.05).微绿球藻和三角褐指藻细胞油脂含量随接神密度升高而降低,微绿球藻和三角褐指藻分别在接种密度为6.0×106 cell/mL和3.0×106 cell/mL时,其细胞内中性脂比例最高.微绿球藻、三角褐指藻的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)比例随着接种密度的提高先升高后显著下降(P＜0.05).从生产生物柴油的效率及其品质等因素综合考虑,室验条件下,培养微绿球藻适宜接种密度为6.0×106 cell/mL;三角褐指藻适宜接神密度为2.0×106 cell/mL.     

微绿球藻的培养及保存技术

本文论述了在海水苗种生产中被大家称为海水小球藻的微绿球藻,在细胞大小、形态、色素组成上等与小球藻的差异,阐述了有关微绿球藻的培养方法、藻种分离及保存方法以及微绿球藻的营养、饵料生物价值。文末,对微绿球藻今后的应用前景进行了展望。     

反应器培养眼点拟微绿球藻时摆向、光程对产量的影响

在内蒙古达拉特旗地区(N 40°,E 110°)户外自然条件下利用板式反应器培养眼点拟微绿球藻并进行产量研究。通过对9、11、13、17cm光程反应器对比,确定13cm光程反应器养殖产量最高,并在存在反应器间距的情况下,得到13cm光程反应器南北摆放时单位占地面积产量要高于反应器东西摆放时单位占地面积产量,从6月到8月分别高16.3%、8.7%和3.0%。同时本研究给出可根据养殖当地的地理位置,预测反应器的摆放方向以及反应器间距等参数设置的方法,以获得养殖产量的最大值。     

不同生长阶段微绿球藻的营养价值

微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)是一种重要的海产经济微藻,易培养,是海产苗种生产中广泛应用的一种饵料微藻。在澳大利亚及以色列等国家,微绿球藻被规模化培养来用于生产高纯度的EPA。微藻的营养价值取决于藻种的遗传因素、生长阶段和培养条件。有关培养条件对微藻营养、脂肪酸组成的影响报道较多,而关于生     

微绿球藻作为刺参幼体饵料的可行性研究

用微绿球藻新鲜藻液、微绿球藻冷冻浓缩液、微绿球藻干粉+干酵母及干酵母对刺参浮游阶段幼体进行了为期15d的投喂实验。结果表明:以微绿球藻干粉50%+干酵母50%搭配投喂的刺参幼体在生长速率、大耳幼体成活率及樽形幼体变态率方面均表现出显著的优势;单独投喂微绿球藻或干酵母也基本可满足刺参幼体生长发育的营养需求,但生长相对缓慢,成活率及变态率相对较低。另外,单独投喂冷冻浓缩藻液的处理组成活率及变态率都较低。     

四种化学试剂对三种藻液的浓缩试验

采用Al2(SO4)3、MnSO4、ZnSO4、CuSO4四种化学试剂对小球藻(Chlorelasp.)、微绿球藻(Nannocholrisoculata)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)的藻液进行了浓缩试验,结果表明对细胞密度为650万个/mL的小球藻,采用Al2(SO4)3、ZnSO4浓缩效果较佳,最适质量分数为0.03g/L;对细胞密度为2071万个/mL的微绿球藻,采用Al2(SO4)3浓缩效果较佳,最适质量分数为0.01g/L;对细胞密度为733万个/mL的三角褐指藻,采用Al2(SO4)3、CuSO4浓缩比较适宜,最适质量分数在0.1g/L左右。     

光照、温度、碳源及接种密度对微绿球藻生长的影响

运用正交设计法开展了碳源和接种密度,光照、温度和接种密度对微绿球藻生长影响的试验。结果表明,在碳源和接种密度的试验中,NaHCO_3浓度、接种密度及其交互作用存在显著性差异,最优水平为NaHCO_32.5g/L、接种密度300×10~4个/mL。在光照、温度和接种密度试验中,各因子以及其一级交互作用均存在着显著性差异,最优水平是培养温度30±1℃、光强7000LX、接种密度100×10~～150×10~4个/mL。     

pH和氮磷比对微小原甲藻和青岛大扁藻生长竞争的影响

为探讨pH和氮磷比对青岛大扁藻(Tetraselmis helgolandica)和微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)生长竞争的影响,本研究首先根据对虾养殖水体pH值的范围设置了7.5,8.0,8.5和9.0共4个pH梯度,获得了青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳pH;在该pH条件下,设置了氮磷比分别为3:2(高富磷组),6:1(富磷组),24:1(对照组)和96:1(富氮组)等4个梯度,其中,单种培养体系中只接种青岛大扁藻或者微小原甲藻,混合培养体系中同时按照1:1的比例接种青岛大扁藻和微小原甲藻。结果表明,混合培养体系中,青岛大扁藻在pH 8.5和pH 9.0时,出现拐点时间最晚,均为7 d;而微小原甲藻在pH 8.5和pH 9.0时,出现拐点时间最早,均为3 d。pH 8.5时青岛大扁藻对微小原甲藻的竞争抑制参数最大,青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳pH为8.5。单种培养体系中,微小原甲藻拐点出现的时间在高富磷组、对照组和富氮组中均晚于青岛大扁藻;混合培养体系中,对照组中微小原甲藻和青岛大扁藻拐点出现时间分别为4 d和3 d,而其他处理组2种微藻拐点出现的时间分别相同。氮磷比影响混合培养中2种微藻的竞争抑制参数,其中,96:1(富氮组)中拐点之后青岛大扁藻对微小原甲藻的竞争抑制参数(α)的平均值为9.2063,微小原甲藻对青岛大扁藻的竞争抑制参数(β)为3.4886。以上研究表明,对虾养殖水体中,青岛大扁藻抑制微小原甲藻的最佳条件是:pH为8.5,氮磷比为96:1。     

颤藻对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫相关酶活力的影响

颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)是对虾养殖水体中的一种常见蓝藻。通过在凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中投加不同浓度的颤藻,测定凡纳滨对虾的成活率与体长、体重,以及不同颤藻浓度下凡纳滨对虾的免疫相关酶活力,研究颤藻对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:颤藻对对虾的成活率、体长和体重有显著影响(P<0.05),随藻浓度增加对虾的成活率、体长和体重呈下降的趋势。颤藻对对虾超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、抗菌活力影响显著(P<0.05),低浓度的颤藻诱导酶活力增大,当浓度大于12.5 mg/L时,其酶活力呈下降的趋势。当颤藻浓度为2.5 m g/L和12.5 mg/L时,GST、ALP活力分别达到最大值(39.05 U/mg、73.62 U/g)。以上研究结果说明,颤藻具有一定的毒性,低浓度的颤藻可诱导酶活性增加,高浓度的颤藻能抑制酶的活性和对虾生长。为了保证凡纳滨对虾的健康养殖,养殖水体中的颤藻浓度应该控制在12.5 mg/L以下。     

Fatty Acid Composition of Different Microalgae Strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd, Nannochloris atomus Butcher and Isochrysis sp.) According to the Culture Phase and the Carbon Dioxide Concentration

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different volumes of supplemented carbon dioxide. which is a potential donator of carbon atom, on the fatty acid profile of four microalgae strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd. Nannochloris atomus Butcher and Isochrysis sp.) currently used to enrich rotifers fed to marine fish larvae during two different phases of growth (logarithmic and stationary). Half of the microalgae were cultured at a low CO₂ concentration (0.5 L/min). corresponding to 1 % the air volume (0.038 L/min per L of culture) and the other half of microalgae were cultured at a high concentration of CO₂ (1.1 L/min), corresponding to 2% the air volume (0.086 L/min per L of culture). The resulting fatty acid profile was species-specific and Nannochloris atomus appeared less suitable for inarine organism feeding because of its high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid which represents the only n-3 PUFA of this alga (28.7%). On the contrary, Isochrysis sp. showed the largest proportions of n-3 PUFA also when maintained in the stationary phase (36.46%). Algae cultures contained higher percentages of n-3 PUFA during the logarithmic phase than in the stationary phase when the proportions of short-chain fatty acids increased. High levels of concentrated CO₂ generally increased the content of long chain fatty acids from 17 carbon atoms onwards. The percentages of total n-3 and n-6 were higher than those recorded at low CO₂ concentration. Similarly, the n-3/n-6 ratio was higher at the maximum CO₂ concentration (logarithmic phase). During stationary phase the difference between the two groups was less apparent than that observed in the logarithmic one. The high CO₂ addition exerted a significant and more favorable influence than the low supplementation on the C18:1, C20:0, C20:4n-6, and C22:6n-3 concentrations in both phases, in all four microalgae strains studied.     

Digestibility of the defatted microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar

The aim of the study was to investigate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of defatted biomass derived from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon postsmolts in seawater. Two experiments, one employing cold‐pelleted and the other employing extruded pellets, were carried out to determine the ADC of dry matter (DM), protein, ash and energy. The test feeds consisted of a fishmeal‐based reference feed and the algal biomass, at a ratio of 70:30, and yttrium oxide as the inert marker. The ADC of DM and protein in fish fed microalgae‐incorporated cold‐pelleted feeds were significantly higher for Nannochloropsis sp. compared with Desmodesmus sp. The Nannochloropsis sp. inclusion in extruded feeds also led to higher ADCs of DM and energy compared with Desmodesmus sp. The extrusion processing significantly increased the ADC of ash in both defatted microalgae biomass, as well as ADCs of DM in Nannochloropsis and protein in Desmodesmus sp. In conclusion, the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. was more digestible than Desmodesmus sp., and extrusion processing can be used as a means to improve digestibility of certain nutrients.     

Effect of inoculation of the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. on tilapia biofloc culture

Cyanophytes are the most ancient photosynthetic organisms. During its evolution, they have developed various ecophysiological adaptation strategies to survive in extreme conditions. The environment prevailing under biofloc cultures provides various conditions appropriate for cyanobacterial proliferation. An outdoor experiment (7 weeks) was performed with a simple random design consisting of four inoculation levels (by triplicate) of Oscillatoria sp. (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg L^?1) in saltwater biofloc. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the cyanobacteria inoculation on water quality and tilapia production parameters. The results indicated that the amount of Oscillatoria sp. inoculated significantly affected water quality (pH, chlorophyll a, TSS and NO₃‐N) and tilapia parameters (final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival). No significant effects on dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) or NO₂‐N were observed. We recommend identifying the cyanobacteria species that are able to grow in a biofloc system and their possible adverse effects on the system.     

Optimum Feeding Rate of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis on the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis sp.

The optimum feeding rate of the rotifer Bruchionus plicutilis was investigated to determine the best conditions for growth of the rotifer, and also in order to maintain good water quality of the culture. Fifty rotifers of a large size strain were cultured individually at five food density levels of Nannoehloropsis sp. (0.5 ± 10⁶, 1.5 ± 10⁶, 3 ± 10⁶, 5 ± 10⁶, and 8 ± 10⁶ cells/ml). At each level, daily survival and offspring production were recorded until the death of the final individual. The data obtained were analyzed by the life table method. The maximum value of three growth indices (the net reproduction rate, mean life expectancy at age 0, and intrinsic rate of increase) was obtdned at the food density of 1.5 ± 10⁶ cells/ml. The ration size was calculated to be 325% (dry weight)/ day, which is equivalent to about 70% of the saturated feeding rate. It was suggested that the feeding rate should be controlled to lower than the saturated value for an efficient mass culture.     

温度、光照度、盐度和pH对颤藻生长的限制条件研究

颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)是对虾养殖池塘中的常见蓝藻,其大量繁殖直接危害对虾养殖.实验旨在通过研究不同温度、光照度、盐度和pH对颤藻生长的影响,得出颤藻生长的限制条件.单因子实验结果显示:实验条件范围内,温度、光照度、盐度和pH对颤藻叶绿素a含量和干重影响显著(P＜0.05),温度＜10℃和＞30℃、光照度＜50 lx和＞1100 lx、盐度＜15和＞30、pH ＜5.2和＞8.0是颤藻生长的限制条件;颤藻生长的阈值为温度10℃,光照度50 lx,盐度15.0,pH5.2;正交实验结果显示,颤藻生长的最低条件为温度15℃、光照度600 lx、盐度17.5、pH 5.5,温度对颤藻叶绿素a含量和干重影响最大,其次是盐度和pH.对虾养殖池可以通过调节盐度来控制颤藻生长.     

侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物对虾池颤藻的溶藻效果

为改善对虾养殖水环境,研究了不同阶段的侧孢短芽孢杆菌无菌滤液和颤藻对溶藻效果的影响.通过测定溶藻过程中藻体干重、叶绿素a含量以及藻蓝蛋白含量,探究了溶藻效果的最佳作用阶段及其作用机理.结果显示,稳定期和衰亡期的无菌滤液对颤藻的溶藻效果极为显著,7d后颤藻干重分别减少了51.77％、47.04％,叶绿素a含量分别降低了67.60％、59.13％,藻蓝蛋白含量分别增加了33.51％、30.97％;溶藻细菌无菌滤液对延滞期颤藻的溶藻效果极显著,7d后颤藻干重减少了63.90％,叶绿素a含量下降了69.72％,藻蓝蛋白含量升高了54.17％.结果表明,侧孢短芽孢杆菌培养至稳定期的无菌滤液对延滞期颤藻的溶藻效果最好.     

侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)溶藻活性代谢产物对虾池颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)溶藻效果研究

颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)为对虾养殖池塘中的一种常见的有害蓝藻。本实验以侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)的除菌体滤液和颤藻为基础,研究各自在不同阶段的溶藻效果,通过测定藻体干重、叶绿素a含量以及藻蓝蛋白含量,探究溶藻效果的最佳作用阶段及其作用机理,为改善对虾养殖水环境提供一定的理论基础。实验结果表明：稳定期和衰亡期的除菌体滤液对颤藻的溶藻效果均影响极显著(P<0.01)：7天后颤藻干重分别减少了51.77%、47.04%,叶绿素a含量分别降低了67.60%、59.13%,藻蓝蛋白含量分别增加了33.51%、30.97%;溶藻细菌除菌体滤液对延滞期的颤藻溶藻效果影响极显著(P<0.01)：7天后颤藻干重减少了63.90%,叶绿素a含量下降了69.72%,藻蓝蛋白含量升高了54.17%。因此,本研究显示侧孢短芽孢杆菌培养至稳定期的除菌体滤液对延滞期颤藻的溶藻效果最好。