信息化建设与经济增长关系的实证研究

本文以顺义区为例,利用修正的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数和现代计量方法分析资金、劳动力和信息技术进步这三个生产要素对区域经济增长的贡献和影响,并对顺义区经济增长的稳定性进行了验证。结果表明信息化建设对地区经济增长具有显著的推动作用,能有效促进当地经济的增长。     

Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe

The majority of the literature on fiscal decentralization has tended to stress that the greater capacity of decentralized governments to tailor policies to local preferences and to be innovative in the provision of policies and public services, the greater the potential for economic efficiency and growth. There is, however, little empirical evidence to substantiate this claim. In this paper we examine, using a panel data approach with dynamic effects, the relationship between the level of fiscal decentralization and economic growth rates across 16 Central and Eastern European countries over the 1990–2004 period. Our findings suggest that, contrary to the majority view, there is a significant negative relationship between two out of three fiscal decentralization indicators included in the analysis and economic growth. However, the use of different time lags allows us to nuance this negative view and show that long‐term effects vary depending on the type of decentralization undertaken in each of the countries considered. While expenditure at and transfers to sub‐national tiers of government are negatively correlated with economic growth, taxes assigned at the sub‐national level evolve from having a significantly negative to a significantly positive correlation with the national growth rate. This supports the view that sub‐national governments with their own revenue source respond better to local demands and promote greater economic efficiency     

From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades many European governments have pursued ambitious research and development (R&D) policies with the aim of fostering innovation and economic growth in peripheral regions of Europe. The question is whether these policies are paying off. Arguments such as the need to reach a minimum threshold of research, the existence of important distance decay effects in the diffusion of technological spillovers, the presence of increasing returns to scale in R&D investments, or the unavailability of the necessary socio‐economic conditions in these regions to generate innovation seem to cast doubts about the possible returns of these sort of policies. This paper addresses this question. A two‐step analysis is used in order to first identify the impact of R&D investment of the private, public, and higher education sectors on innovation (measured as the number of patent applications per million population). The influence of innovation and innovation growth on economic growth is then addressed. The results indicate that R&D investment, as a whole, and higher education R&D investment in peripheral regions of the EU, in particular, are positively associated with innovation. The existence and strength of this association are, however, contingent upon region‐specific socio‐economic characteristics, which affect the capacity of each region to transform R&D investment into innovation and, eventually, innovation into economic growth.     

The Importance of Integrating Supply‐Side Factors in Economic Base Models

Economic base (or export‐base) theory (EBT) is often presented as a Keynesian‐inspired theory that only accounts for demand‐side factors. However, the recent integration of supply‐side factors into economic base models (EBMs) can contribute to renewing applications of this type of model in regional economics. This paper proposes a literature review focused on new EBMs that explicitly take into account supply effects and includes both North American and European studies. It first explains why integrating supply‐side factors is relevant for EBMs. Second, the paper shows how to integrate these supply‐side factors into the various types of models, focusing on two production factors: land and its amenities and labor. Third, the paper discusses the conditions for integrating such supply‐side factors into EBMs.     

Taxation of Natural Resources and State Economic Growth

The econometric evidence that has been brought to bear on the question of how state and local taxes affect the location decision of firms among competing states or regions is surprisingly sparse and often contradictory. In this research the question is addressed from a different empirical perspective than has been considered heretofore. Using a pool of cross-section and time-series data, the trends in employment and capital formation in three energy-rich states are analyzed during a period when these states substituted energy-related revenues for more traditional forms of taxation. McLure's general equilibrium model of regional taxation and industrial location forms the theoretical basis for the empirical analysis. The findings suggest that relative changes in state and local taxes on products and labor are of more significance as a location determinant than relative changes in the state corporate income tax.     

Economic Stability and Economic Growth in Rural Communities: Dimensions Relevant to Local Employment Creation Strategy

Approaches for analyzing employment stability with aggregated data for SICs in large regions or major metropolitan areas are misleading indicators of the impact of manufacturing growth in rural areas. Performance of moderate-sized individual establishments seriously impact total employment variation in small-employment-sized rural communities, requiring analysis of the determinants of employment stability of these establishments. Aggregate SIC performance and most conventional criteria for judging probable stability appear to provide very limited predictability for individual firm performance. However, manufacturing development appears generally to have desirable effects on community-wide employment stability.     

兰州-白银经济区高新技术产业集聚与区域经济增长关系的实证分析

以兰州-白银经济区的高新技术产业为研究对象,依据2000—2011年的时间序列数据,采用区位熵指数对高新技术产业的集聚水平进行测度,并在此基础上,对高新技术产业的集聚与经济增长的关系进行协整及格兰杰因果检验,进而构造VAR模型并得到脉冲响应函数。实证结果表明：兰白经济区的高新技术产业已经形成了集聚且集聚度呈稳定增长的趋势,同时,高新技术产业的集聚与经济增长之间存在长期的均衡关系。最后分析得出兰白经济区的高新技术产业集聚是一种政府主导型的集聚模式,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

人口结构与区域经济社会发展的耦合分析——以黑龙江省为例

为了更好的协调人口结构变动与区域经济社会的发展,运用灰色关联分析和层次分析相结合的方法对黑龙江省人口结构和区域经济社会发展的耦合性进行了定量分析,最终得出区域经济社会发展体系内的不同指标与人口结构间的加权关联度。结果表明:黑龙江省社会发展指标与人口结构的关联度普遍较高,经济发展指标与人口结构的关联度相对较低,黑龙江省经济发展模式亟待转型升级。     

The Analysis of Interrelations Between Regional Economic Growth and Savings

The interrelations between the regional economic growth and savings are analyzed by using Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test based on error correction model. The results show that the economic growing is one of the main factors that raise the amount of saving but don't increase the saving growth rate in all three regions. Also the increase of saving could result in the eastern and weatern region's economic growth to some extent, but it does't affect the central region's economic growth. Therefore, some actions which drive the economic growth have to be taken in order to raise the saving, and the increase of the saving scale have to be controled to improve the regional economic growth.     

除草剂对苎麻生长及经济性状的影响

为筛选出合适的,苎麻封行后施用的除草剂及预防除草剂致使苎麻败蔸提供参考,研究了盆栽条件下,乙草胺、草甘膦、精喹禾灵、苄嘧黄隆、百草枯、2,4-D钠盐等6种除草剂三麻分行前期对‘多倍体1号’、‘中苎1号’和‘湘苎3号’生长及产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明：在常用浓度下,不同的除草剂对苎麻的影响不同,而且同一种除草剂对不同品种苎麻的影响也不同,除草剂对苎麻农艺性状和品质性状的影响存在基因型差异。乙草胺和草甘膦对‘多倍体1号’、‘中苎1号’和‘湘苎3号’苎麻相对安全;精喹禾灵、苄嘧磺隆、百草枯、2,4-D钠盐都不同程度的抑制了3种苎麻的生长,降低了苎麻产量和品质。而且‘中苎1号’对苄嘧黄隆较敏感,‘湘苎3号’对百草枯非常敏感,‘多倍体1号’对6种除草剂都有较大抗性。在不喷施于苎麻植株体表面的前提下,6种除草剂对苎麻的叶绿素SPAD值影响不大,但都会使苎麻的叶面积减小。     

Effects of World Demand and Competitiveness on Exports and Economic Growth

ABSTRACT There is little consensus in the development literature on whether it is supply explanations such as competitiveness levels, or, the external demand structure which drive the link between exports and economic growth. This paper attempts to reconcile the polarization of the aforementioned viewpoints by examining the effects of both world demand and a country's competitiveness in exports on the relationship between export growth and economic growth. The results indicate that only developing countries which are highly competitive and which also face relatively favorable external demand for their exports experience above-average growth. Weak external demand reduces the positive effects of exports on growth substantially but may be offset by high levels of competitiveness in trade. The results imply that both regional and Third World growth studies on the link between exports and economic growth would profit more from integrating both supply as well as external demand explanations rather than succumb to one of the two viewpoints.