津田芜菁BrSIZ1基因克隆、定位及表达

SIZ1是植物细胞蛋白质翻译后修饰SUMO化的E3连接酶,参与植物蛋白相互作用、定位和抗逆反应等。为研究BrSIZ1在津田芜菁中的表达特性,本研究克隆了津田芜菁SIZ1基因全长cDNA序列,命名为BrSIZ1 (GenBank登录号为KY441465),该基因全长2754 bp,其ORF全长2571 bp,编码856个氨基酸残基的多肽。构建了BrSIZ1-GFP表达载体进行亚细胞定位研究,结果显示BrSIZ1-GFP定位于细胞核内,可能在细胞核中发挥其功能。利用荧光定量PCR检测表明,该基因表达量在叶子中最高,幼苗和红色根皮中次之,表达具有组织特异性。而且BrSIZ1在芜菁根皮中的表达受长波紫外线(UV-A)诱导,在4°C、37°C胁迫的幼苗中,表达量增加。     

Race,Place, and the Persisting Income Divide in the U.S. Southeast, 2000–2014

Despite economic growth since the recession, the gap between the richest and the poorest segments of the population remains one of the most pressing concerns of contemporary America. This paper uses IR‐95/20, IR‐80/20, and IR‐65/35 ratios to measure the income divides between the richest and the poorest segments in the mid‐to‐large‐sized metropolises of the U.S. Southeast, their variation across ethnicities, and their association with metropolitan level attributes such as diversity, segregation, socio‐economic, and other built‐environment, and labor characteristics. The income divide ratios serve as the dependent variables whereas principal components along with state‐dummy variables serve as the explanatory variables in regressions analyses. The metropolises that are large, diverse, and better educated are the most income‐divided whereas those with lower educated people are less divided. Metropolises with larger shares of their labor engaged in primary sectors of economy have higher income divides; this observation also holds true for African Americans and Hispanics. Metropolises that gained in intermixing during 2000–2014 are associated with a lower income divide and vice versa.