泰国鳄鱼饲养技术的考察

我们(受林业部派遣的鳄鱼饲养技术考察组)一行六人,1984年4月6日至21日对泰国鳄鱼饲养技术和经营管理进行了参观考察。我们重点考察了北揽鳄鱼湖,还参观了私营乔武里鳄鱼养殖动物园。通过这次考察,比较全面地了解了泰国鳄鱼饲养繁殖技术和管理方面的概况。现将考察情况报道如下:     

鳄鱼养殖及开发前景

鳄鱼养殖近几年在我国南方各省尤其是广东较发达的城镇掀起了一股热潮。自1993年8月，深圳市野生动物园从马来西亚引进湾鳄150多条后，先后有广东、海南、广西、湖北等地。陆续从国外引进了鳄鱼。深圳市野生动物园经过近五年对湾鳄的摸索，初步掌握了湾鳄的饲养繁殖和管理等方面的情况，并于1997年成功人工繁殖2条幼鳄。以下是我n］对鳄鱼养殖及其开发前景进行的探讨。1世界养殖男鱼及其情况鳄鱼养殖利用和保护已成为全球的热点话题，目前全世界饲养的鳄鱼总量已有200万条，鳄鱼养殖场超过600家。除中国的扬子鳄及密西西比鳄生活在温带地区…     

南粤兴起养殖珍优名特稀动物热

过去一直以养殖鸡鸭鹅为主的南粤，近年兴起一股养殖珍优名特稀动物热潮。 据不完全统计，目前这个省有珍稀动物饲养场及专业大户７８９个，其中初具规模的珍稀动物养殖场３０多个，饲养肉鸽、鹧鸪、鹌鹑、鸵鸟、孔雀、大鹅、海狸、鳄鱼等３５个品种。每年产值达２０亿元，出口创汇３０００ 多万美元。 粤东潮州市的“明鸿庄园”，饲养着３条扬子鳄、５只黑熊、６只梅花鹿、３００多只孔，还养殖了猕猴、南非鸵鸟。这个由个人投资的珍稀动物园开办３年以来，每年接待游客达１５万人。番禺香江实业有限公司的鳄鱼养殖基地，从１９９７年起累…     

鳄鱼养殖前景喜人

目前 ,广东番禺、深圳、珠海、东莞、台山、三水和龙门等地先后开展鳄鱼人工养殖 ,鳄鱼养殖热在广东逐渐向全国扩散并悄然升温 ,除番禺饲养鳄鱼达到 1万条以上的规模外 ,其它地区均只有几百条的规模 ,大部分是供观光旅游或供应种苗 ,而未有产品上市。据悉海南、广西、福建、湖北、北京等地也纷纷从国外引进鳄鱼进行养殖开发利用。据专家预测 ,在我国尤其是南方发展鳄鱼养殖是个很有前途的三高农业开发项目。最早引进鳄鱼的养殖场是珠海白藤湖 ,开始只有 3条 ,有 1条雌鳄自 1 992年开始每年能繁殖 40条幼鳄。最早从国外大规模引进的是深圳市…     

人工饲养鳄鱼龟预防其互相残杀

我国 1996年从美国引进的两种鳄鱼龟——小鳄鱼龟与大鳄鱼龟。因其繁殖率高、生长快、产肉量多、肉味鲜嫩而著名。目前已在不少地区推广饲养 ,但在人工高密度饲养条件下 ,常引起同类互斗及攻击 ,造成不必要的损失。现将饲养驯化和繁殖实践中的一点预防其残杀的经验介绍于后。1　雌雄组配要得当　雄鳄鱼龟有相斗习性 ,雌龟温和些 ,但亦好斗。人工饲养池内雄雌龟配比应以 1∶ 2 - 3为宜。也可以雄雌龟分池饲养 ,在发情交配季节把其合并 ,交配期结束后 ,再度分池饲养。2　不引养野生鳄鱼龟　走私的野生鳄鱼龟本性凶残 ,野性十足 ,常常突袭靠近…     

泰国湾鳄嗜水气单胞菌感染

气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas)中嗜水气单胞菌 (Aeromonashy drophila)是两栖爬行动物中最常见的机会致病菌。嗜水气单胞菌在水体环境中广泛分布 ,能使水生动物、水禽发病。现在越来越多的报道表明 ,嗜水气单胞菌亦能感染东北虎、北极熊、猪、兔等哺乳动物及人类。嗜水气单胞菌引起泰国湾鳄发生感染 ,并造成大量死亡的病例报道并不多见。现将 1例由于饲养管理方式不当 ,治疗不及时造成一鳄鱼场暴发嗜水气单胞菌感染 ,并引起大面积死亡 ,死亡率高达 60 %以上的病例 ,详细报道如下。1　发病情况某鳄鱼养殖场自 2 0 0 2年 4月以来一直将一群体长 1 5…     

肉犬规模化饲养的防疫管理办法

随着我国经济的不断发展,肉犬的经济价值被越来越多的规模化养殖者所重视.但我国肉犬饲养主要以个体散养户为主,规模化养殖不成气候,其中较大原因是许多犬场缺乏规模化养殖的防疫措施而造成.犬类疫病种类多,养殖户防治程序不健全,若犬只发生疾病而得不到有效控制,进而造成极大的经济损失.肉犬规模化饲养的防疫措施亟需重视.     

放养二代野猪焦虫病诊断与防治

<正>随着野猪肉价格的提升和需求的增加,二代野猪生态养殖业不断发展,规模养殖大户不断增多。然而野猪养殖的环境主要在深山老林里,厩舍简易,养殖方式以粗放型放养为主,饲养条件差,昆虫等传播媒介种类繁多。近几年来有二代野猪场的猪出现发热、红尿、消瘦,仔猪成活率低,病猪逐渐衰弱死亡的情况,这跟饲养环境和饲养方式有密切关系。2018年4月,思茅区六顺乡某二代野猪养殖场的猪发病,请求诊断。该场建在深山老林,饲养野猪200多头,全群放养自由觅食,以补喂     

珍禽养殖的科学投资策略

近年来,珍禽养殖在我国发展很快,但养殖户在投资方面却存在不少误区.表现在对市场把握不准、饲养品种选择不理性、投资前对养殖风险没有预期、资金安排混乱、销售考虑不周全等.另外,珍禽养殖方式也朝多渠道方向发展,具体表现在原来单一品种的饲养场向多个珍禽品种共存的养殖场发展;独资企业、中外合资、国营、等多渠道并存;经营方向也由单纯的专业种禽场、良种场、商品禽场等向百鸟园、珍禽游乐园等多元化发展.     

鳄鱼龟互相残杀的预防

鳄鱼龟在人工高密度饲养条件下，由于其本性和环境、饲料、交配等原因引起同类互斗及攻击接近者，造成不必要的损失。1雌雄组配要得当 雄鳄鱼龟有相斗习性，雌龟温和些，但亦见此习性。池内雄雌龟配比应在1：(2～3)为宜。雄龟一多，必然因争偶而互斗。也可以雄雌龟分池饲养，在发情交配季节将其合并，交配期结束后，再分池饲养。2不引养野生龟 动物经人工几代驯化后其野性可以转向温顺，鳄鱼龟亦可驯化。野生鳄鱼龟本性凶残，调教驯化须二三代以上才见效果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.