Changes induced by plastic film mulches on soil temperature and their relevance in growth and fruit yield of pickling cucumber

Purpose: The aim of this study was to realize whether soil mulching, with different plastic mulch colors, is a suitable practice for the culture of pickling cucumber.

Materials and Methods: The crop was cultured or not with black, silver/black, white/black, and aluminum/black plastic films, treatments were evaluated in randomized complete block design, to determine their effect on soil temperature, gas exchange, nutrient concentration, growth, and fruit yield.

Results and Conclusions: Black, silver/black, and aluminum/black plastic mulches were higher (p?≤?0.05) in plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight than bare soil at 15 days after sowing, whose results were similar than using white/black film. Maximum, minimum, and mean soil temperatures were higher with all plastic mulches except for aluminum/black, in which the maximum soil temperature was similar to the one in bare soil. There was no difference in net photosynthesis and there was very little difference in nutrient concentration between plants in plastic mulches and plants in bare soil; however, early and total yield showed a higher (p?≤?0.05) yield in all plastic mulches, and lower with bare soil and white/black plastic mulch. Our results confirm that soil mulching impacts the pickling cucumber yield. We suggest a carefull selection of the color plastic mulch.     

Effect of colored plastic mulch on growth,yield and nutrient status in cucumber under shade house and open field conditions

The aim of this study was to realize whether soil mulching, with different plastic mulch colors, is a suitable practice under shade house (SH) conditions for the culture of cucumber. To do so, cucumber was cultured mulched or not with black, blue, red or white-on-black plastic films under SH, and contrasted against mulched cucumber in open field (OF). Red mulch produced the highest shoot dry weight per plant and bare soil the lowest. However, it was the white mulch which produced the highest commercial yield per plant. Contrastingly, bare soil plants produced the lowest commercial yield. SH plants two folded photosynthetic rates compared to OF plants. Mulch color mainly impacted leaf phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content while the SH affected nitrogen (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Our results confirm that soil mulching, and shading positively impact the cucumber yield and quality but also show that soil mulching under SH enhances cucumber crop.     

Effects of biodegradable mulch on soil quality

Biodegradable plastic films are desirable alternatives to traditional black polyethylene plastic for use as mulches in agroecosystems. Efforts are ongoing to engineer biodegradable plastic mulches that could be incorporated into the soil at the end of the crop season, and decomposed by microorganisms, ultimately to CO₂, H₂O, and biomass. Whether changes in soil quality occur during or following biodegradation is unknown. An 18-month study evaluated the effects on soil quality following burial of four potentially biodegradable mulches and a no mulch control in high tunnel and open field tomato production systems across three geographically distinct locations (Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; Mount Vernon, WA). The mulch treatments included: two starch-based mulches (BioAgri^® Ag-Film and BioTelo Agri); one experimental 100% polylactic acid mulch (Spunbond-PLA-10); one cellulose-based mulch (WeedGuardPlus; positive control); and a negative control (no mulch). The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) was used to calculate a soil quality index (SQI) according to five dynamic soil properties: microbial biomass carbon, β-glucosidase, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and pH. Within the 18-month evaluation period, the effects of the biodegradable mulches on the SQI were minor, and dependent upon production system and time of incubation at all locations. In general, the SQI was higher in the high tunnel systems for some of the mulch treatments at Knoxville and Lubbock but the opposite was true at Mount Vernon. By the final sampling at 18 months, the SQI was lowest for WeedGuardPlus at Lubbock and Mount Vernon but at Knoxville, the WeedGuardPlus SQI was not significantly different from the no mulch control. Of the five SMAF indicators evaluated, soil microbial biomass and β-glucosidase activity were the most responsive to mulch and production systems, supporting the use of these variables as soil quality indicators for short-term changes due to this agricultural management practice.     

对板栗园树盘土壤双重覆盖的效应研究

对板栗园树盘土壤进行麦秸、黑色地膜和无色地膜的单一或双重覆盖试验。结果表明，所有覆盖处理的保水效果均好于对照，但对温度的影响因不同处理而有差异；覆草＋覆膜的处理不仅具有显著的增温保墒作用，能培肥地力，双重覆盖处理的有机质平均含量比单独的膜覆盖增加0.1%，有效磷和有效钾分别提高1.2和5.7 mg·kg^-1，孔隙度增加3.21%，栗果产量增加10.70%。综合各种效应不同处理优劣顺序为：黑膜+草>无色膜+草>覆草> 黑膜>无色膜>对照。     

Colored plastic mulches affect soil temperature and tuber production of potato

Abstract

The main crops on which plastic mulch is widely used in Mexico include tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, melons, watermelons, and strawberry; however, very little research has been performed on potato. One of the main benefits associated with plastic mulching is the modification of the microclimate around the plant. To obtain a positive microclimate modification studies are required to understand how plastic mulch affects growth and yield of a given species. Previous field research assessing the response to colored plastic mulching in potato shows no consistent results on yield, maybe because it has been performed under different geographical latitudes. Potato in Mexico is conventionally cultivated on bare soil combined with various irrigation systems. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of colored plastic mulches on soil temperature, growth, yield and photosynthetic response of potato plants. The experiment was conducted in Northeast Mexico and the treatments included were: black plastic mulch (BPM); white-on-black plastic mulch (W/B), silver-on-black (SPM), aluminum-on-black plastic mulch (APM) and a control that consisted of bare soil cultivated plants. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results suggest that average daily mean soil temperature was linearly and negatively correlated with total yield and yield of first-quality tubers. Total yield and yield of first-quality tubers of plants mulched with W/B, SPM and APM was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those of control plants. Leaf area and shoot dry weight were increased when soil temperatures were higher due to the effect of radiation transmission to the soil, however, this decrease was associated with a decrease in tuber production. The results of our study indicate that plants grown under BPM, which induced the highest soil temperature, showed marginal difference in yield compared with control plants, suggesting that colored plastic mulches have a positive effect on yield through decreased rise in soil temperature.     

Influence of colored plastic mulch on soil temperature,growth, nutrimental status,and yield of bell pepper under shade house conditions

The aim of this study was to determine if plastic mulch films may have positive effects on bell pepper plants grown under shade house conditions. The experimental design was split-plot, where large plots contained four plastic mulch films (black, aluminum, silver, and white) compared to bare soil and small plots contained two bell pepper cultivars. Plant shoot dry weight was higher in plastic mulch treatments than in bare soil. The net photosynthesis rate in the cultivar SWG-46 exceeded in net photosynthesis with respect to the cultivar SWG-42 in one of three sampling dates. Nutrients in leaf showed a similar behavior in plastic mulch treatments than the control but the total content of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) was increased. The total yield was higher in black plastic mulch than in the other plastic mulch colors and lowest in the control.     

Effects of cover crops,compost, and manure amendments on soil microbial community structure in tomato production systems

Soil microbial community structure and crop yield was investigated in field tomato production systems that compared black polyethylene mulch to hairy vetch mulch and inorganic N to organic N. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) hairy vetch cover cropping increases crop yield and significantly affects soil microbial community structure when compared to the standard plastic mulch and synthetic fertilizer-based system; (2) within plastic mulch systems, organic amendments will increase crop yield and significantly affect soil microbial community structure when compared to synthetic fertilizer; (3) crop yields and microbial community structure will be similar in the hairy vetch cover cropping and the organic amended plasticulture systems. Treatments consisted of ammonium nitrate (control), hairy vetch cover crop, hairy vetch cover crop and poultry manure compost (10 Mg/ha), three levels of poultry manure compost (5, 10, and 20 Mg/ha), and two levels of poultry manure (2.5 and 5 Mg/ha). Black polyethylene mulch was used in all treatments without hairy vetch. Fatty acid analysis was used to characterize the total soil microbial community structure, while two substrate utilization assays were used to investigate the community structure of culturable bacteria and fungi. Crop yield was not significantly increased by hairy vetch cover cropping when compared to black polyethylene mulch, although microbial community structure was significantly affected by cover cropping. Under black polyethylene mulch, crop yields were significantly increased by the highest levels of compost and manure when compared to inorganic fertilizer, but there was no detectable effect on soil microbial community structure. When cover cropping was compared to organic amended plasticulture systems, crop yields were similar one year but dissimilar the next. However, hairy vetch cover cropping and organic amendments under black plastic mulch produced significantly different soil microbial community structure.     

覆盖稻草及加盖薄膜对免耕马铃薯农艺性状及品质的影响

研究了覆盖不同厚度稻草（4、8 cm）以及加盖普通地膜和黑色地膜对免耕马铃薯农艺性状及品质的影响。结果表明：覆盖不同厚度稻草的影响效果具有显著的差异,与覆盖稻草4 cm相比,覆盖稻草8 cm可提高单株结薯数和产量,降低绿薯率,但降低出苗率和株数,其他品质参数差异不明显;在覆盖稻草4 cm的基础上加盖薄膜具有提高单薯重和产量的作用,但在覆盖稻草8 cm的基础上加盖薄膜则对出苗不利,降低了出苗率和株数,降低产量;加盖地膜能显著降低绿薯率,其中黑色地膜的效果优于普通地膜。     

不同地面覆盖对土壤性状和秋播大蒜产量及品质的影响

为探究秋播大蒜适宜的地面覆盖类型及其对大蒜产量的影响机制,从而为地面覆盖在大蒜高产高效栽培中的应用提供理论依据,以'麻江红蒜'为试验材料,以不覆盖处理为对照,分别设置白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色地膜、1～2cm和3～4cm稻草、1～2cm和3～4 cm稻壳共7种地面覆盖处理,分析不同处理对土壤含水量、温度和酶活性以及大蒜...     

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes and Mulches on Yield and Macronutrition Levels of Drip-Irrigated Cucumber Under Open Field Conditions

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of different mulch types on fruit yield, leaf-nutrient composition, and normal plant growth parameters was investigated in order to maximize water use efficiency (WUE) in cucumber grown under water stress. Treatments were (1) bare soil + water stress (WS), (2) bare soil + unstressed (control, C), (3) black polyethylene mulch + water stress (BPM + WS), (4) wheat straw mulch + water stress (WSM + WS), and (5) wheat straw mulch plus black polyethylene mulch + water stress (WSM + BPM + WS). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration was between 492 and 960 mm. Seasonal irrigation water amounts were 965 and 485 mm for the C and WS treatments, respectively. The WUE ranged from 3.40 to 5.78 kg m^?3, while irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) was between 3.39 and 6.08 kg m^?3. IWUE and WUE were increased under WS treatments with mulching compared with the control treatment, as mulching significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water required. Both BPM and WSM improved the fruit yield, fruit size, plant dry matter, total leaf area, and chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in leaves under the stressed treatments, while these two mulches in combination (BPM + WSM) caused further increases in these parameters. This study confirms that limiting soil evaporation with mulches is a key action to take to save irrigation water and to improve WUE and IWUE. Because use of drip irrigation with mulching can increase WUE, this strategy might be used for vegetable production in semi-arid regions where irrigation water is limited.     

Tillage and plastic mulch effects on soil properties and growth and yield of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) on an ultisol in southeastern Nigeria

Protected cultivation, mainly represented by plastic-film mulching, has greatly improved crop production worldwide since the 1950s. However, despite its widespread use in tropical USA, Europe and China, its use in sub-Saharan Africa is not widespread. A field experiment was conducted using cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) to evaluate the effects of two tillage systems (tilled and no-till) and plastic-film mulch (black and clear plastic-film mulch) on soil properties and cocoyam growth and yield in 2003 and 2004 planting seasons on a Typic paleudult in southeastern Nigeria. The experiment comprised six treatments and was laid out in the field using randomized complete block design replicated three times. Results showed that 70–80% of the corms emerged 7–8 days (21 days after planting [DAP]) earlier in both tilled and no-till plastic-film mulched plots when compared to the unmulched plots. At later stages of crop development, the plants in the tilled black plastic-film mulched plots were taller by 61–67% than those in the unmulched no-till plots, which had the lowest plant height (27–30 cm). At 98 DAP, there were no significant treatment differences in leaf area index (LAI) between tilled and no-till mulched plots with LAI of 15.5–19.8. However, LAI was reduced in both unmulched plots by 35–54% when compared to the mulched plots. On the average soil temperature was higher in plastic-film mulched plots than that under plots without mulch by about 2 °C. Results show significantly lower soil bulk density (between 1.10 and 1.26 Mg m⁻³) in both tilled clear and black plastic-film mulched plots when compared to the corresponding no-till clear or black plastic-film mulched plots (1.40–1.45 Mg m⁻³). For the two seasons studied volumetric water content (VWC) in tilled black plastic-film mulched plots were significantly higher than VWC in other mulched plots by between 10 and 38% in 2003 and between 17 and 30% in 2004. At harvest (270 DAP) the highest corm yield was obtained in tilled black plastic mulched plots (29.1 Mg ha⁻¹). This was higher (P = 0.05) than yields obtained in no-till, no mulch plots by 72%. Yields were also higher in tilled black plastic mulched plots when compared to tilled clear plastic mulched plots, no-till black plastic mulched plots and no-till clear plastic mulched plots by 29, 47 and 59%, respectively. These findings suggest that plastic mulched plots provide a better soil environment for cocoyam than unmulched plots and that tilled mulched plots especially tilled black plastic mulched plots provide superior edaphic environment for cocoyam when compared to other treatments used.     

Measurements of the heat balance under plastic mulches. Part I. Radiation balance and soil heat flux

Measurements of the radiative heat fluxes between plastic sheet mulches and the soil surface are related to the radiation balance above the mulches. Black and reflective mulches may reduce the diurnal amplitude of soil temperature, and always reduce the radiant heat gain by the soil. In contrast, transparent mulches produce a relatively large net radiation at the soil surface. Though the energy supply to the soil depends primarily on the radiative properties of the mulch, the magnitudes of the temperature differences it produces depend also on the processes of energy exchange across the mulch—air layer.     

Mulch effect on successive crop yields and soil carbon in Tonga

Intensification of crop production in Tonga has resulted in a move to mechanical soil preparation, often with a rotary hoe, and a consequent loss in both chemical physical fertility. An experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil (Typic Argiudoll) on the Forestry Vaini Research Station, Tongatapu Island, Tonga, to investigate the effect of a once‐off application of mulch on yield and quality of watermelon, maize and capsicum grown in rotation over a 1‐yr period. The treatments applied were a nonmulched control, transparent plastic and 200‐mm‐thick applications of locally available coconut sawdust, guinea grass and mature coconut fronds. The fresh fruit yield of watermelon in all the mulch treatments was 7.3–18.1% higher than in the nonmulched control. There was no significant effect of thick vegetative mulch on maize grain dry matter yield; however, the maize yield was significantly lower in the transparent plastic mulch than in the other treatments. The capsicum marketable fruit yield in the following crop was increased by 49–73% in all the vegetative mulch treatments compared to the non‐mulched control. The higher crop yields with the vegetative mulch were attributed to the measured lower soil temperatures and higher soil moisture in these treatments. There was no effect of mulch on soil total N (TN), but soil total C (TC), soil labile C (LC) and the carbon management index (CMI) were increased.     

Soil Properties and Yield of Groundnut associated with Herbicides,Plant Geometry,and Plastic Mulch

Abstract

Experiments were conducted over 2 years during the dry season of 2002 (June–September) and wet season of 2002–2003 (December–March) at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vridhachalam, India, to study the influence of two colors of polyethylene film mulch (black and white polyethylene film mulch), herbicides (Fluchloralin at 1.0 kg/ha and no herbicide application), and three plant geometries [30×10 cm, 20×20 cm (two seeds/hill), and 20×15 cm] on soil properties, growth, and yield of groundnut. Results indicated that the soil physical properties such as rate of water loss/day was highest with white polyethylene film mulch, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil was significantly more with black polyethylene film mulch, and soil bulk density and percentage of pore space did not differ between the two colors of polyethylene films. The rate of water loss was highest with plots with no herbicide, whereas the hydraulic conductivity of the soil was more with herbicide‐applied treatments. However, the bulk density and pore space did not differ significantly. The plant geometry did not have any significant influence on any of the soil physical properties. With regard to soil microorganisms, the bacterial and fungal population was significantly higher in black polyethylene film mulch at all the three stages of observation, whereas no significant difference between the colors of polyethylene film mulch was observed for actinomycetes at all the stages of observations. Interestingly, no variation in the population of soil microflora was observed between the herbicide and no‐herbicide treatments. The soil‐available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), at harvest, was significantly higher with white polyethylene film mulch, whereas crop NPK uptake was higher with black polyethylene film mulch. The soil‐available NPK and crop uptake was higher with herbicide application. The evolution of carbon dioxide (CO₂; soil respiration) was significantly influenced by polyethylene film mulch and herbicides, and the evolution of CO₂ was altered by the plant geometry. The crop dry‐matter production, pegging percentage, pod setting ratio number of matured pods/plant, and pod yield were significantly higher under black polyethylene mulch. Herbicide application significantly improved the majority of the growth and yield attributes and significantly higher pod yield was obtained with herbicide application. However, most of the yield and growth attributes and pod yield were not significantly influenced by the different plant geometries studied.     

Exploring optimal soil mulching to enhance maize yield and water use efficiency in dryland areas in China

Water and nutrient availability significantly limits global crop production, especially for dryland agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. To explore the optimal soil mulching options for the Loess Plateau in China, a 3-year field study was conducted to investigate the effects of various soil mulching practices on soil temperature and the water use and grain yield of spring maize. The treatments included traditional flat farming (CK), narrow plastic film mulch (NM), wide plastic film mulch (WM) and narrow plastic film mulch?+?maize straw mulch between rows (MS). The results showed that MS treatment increased consistently soil temperature during the initial stages of maize growth, and more importantly, it reduced diurnal temperature variation. MS also increased in soil water storage by 10.1%, leading to the highest water use efficiency (WUE?=?30.9?kg?ha^?1?mm^?1) over CK on 3 year average. MS significantly increased maize yield and net income of farmers by up to 20%, compared to CK. In conclusion, optimisation of soil mulching strategies significantly enhanced crop yield and water productivity in dryland agriculture in China. Our study provides important guidance for exploring better soil management practice for dryland agriculture in the other regions of the world.     

Evaluation of Soil Temperature Moderating and Moisture Conserving Effects of Various Mulches during a Growing Season

Abstract

The seven mulches investigated affected soil temperature throughout the season compared with bare soil. The degree of temperature moderation varied depending on whether the temperature trend was increasing, relatively constant or decreasing. The organic mulches, wood chips and silage, as well as spun polypropylene covered with wood chips kept the soil temperature cooler compared with bare soil until middle of August. During periods of soil warming, spun polypropylene and paper reduced soil temperature. Soil under black plastic had a higher mean temperature than bare soil throughout the season. Degradable plastic increased soil temperature, but only to a small extent. The organic mulches conserved more moisture than any other of the materials evaluated, although during July soil moisture contents were significantly higher under all mulches compared with bare soil.     

土壤消毒措施对土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究了垄沟式太阳能消毒、石灰氮麦秸、垄鑫3种土壤消毒方法对日光温室土壤物理特性及黄瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明,垄沟式太阳能消毒处理对土壤物理特性未产生较大影响,处理后粗粉粒含量较对照降低9.5%,砂粒两个粒径(0.1～0.5mm、0.5～1.0mm)含量较对照分别增加39.4%、117.7%,其余组分无明显变化;石灰氮麦秸处理后黏粒含量增加163%,细粉粒两粒径(0.001～0.005mm、0.005～0.01mm)含量较对照分别增加52.1%和116.8%;施用垄鑫处理后土壤黏粒含量较对照降低65.8%,细粉粒两个粒径含量较对照分别降低33.0%、32.2%。不同处理对土壤微团聚体的形成均有一定阻碍作用,其中石灰氮麦秸处理对土壤团聚体的形成影响最大,其次是垄鑫处理,垄沟式太阳能消毒处理影响最小。3个土壤消毒处理都能提高黄瓜平均叶片数、平均株高、叶绿素含量和黄瓜产量,其中垄沟式太阳能消毒处理能显著提高黄瓜生物学指标,有良好的增产效果。     

The use of polyethylene mulches to change soil microclimate as revealed by enzyme activity and biomass nitrogen,sulphur and phosphorus

Summary The effects of white, black and clear polyethylene mulches on temporal fluctuations in protease, sulphatase and phosphatase activities and levels of available and biomass N, S and P in raised beds of soil under a strawberry crop were investigated under field conditions. During spring, summer and early autumn, clear and, to a lesser extent black, polyethylene mulch increased both maximum and minimum mean monthly temperatures over those recorded with white mulch or no mulch. During summer and autumn, soil moisture content measured at monthly intervals was higher under mulched than unmulched conditions. Levels of extractable nitrate and sulphate in soils during autumn followed the order: clear mulch = black mulch > white mulch > no mulch. However, there were no significant differences in levels of enzyme activity or concentrations of biomass N, S or P between treatments. There were significant seasonal fluctuations in estimates of biomass N, S and P, but there was no close relationship between fluctuations in any estimate. This discrepancy was attributed to errors in the chloroform fumigation technique. Enzyme activities showed significant temporal fluctuations but the three enzymes did not show similar times of minimum and maximum activity. The complexity of interactions between soil microbial and biochemical properties and nutrient availability was exemplified by the absence of a discernible relationship between seasonal fluctuations in enzyme activities and levels of biomass N, S and P and/or levels of extractable mineral N, S and P in the soil. Strawberry fruit yields and vegetative growth followed the order : clear mulch = black mulch>white mulch>no mulch. Clear, and to a lesser extent black mulch increased the percentage of total yields produced in the first 2 months of cropping.     

Effect of drip irrigation and mulches on physiological parameters,soil temperature,picking patterns and yield in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)

Water and temperature are critical for producing vegetable crops, especially during winter, when the availability of water is meager and temperature falls. Studies of drip irrigation and mulch were undertaken to find the effect on different growth and yield parameters in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four main and four subplots. Irrigation levels were placed on main plots and mulches on subplots with three replicates for each. All recorded vegetative parameters were higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 pan evaporation (Epan) and black polythene mulch. Physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate (18.01 and 17.45 μmol m^?2 s^?1), transpiration rate (6.19 and 5.86 mmol H₂O m^?2 s^?1) and chlorophyll content (27.34 and 28.39; 39.22 and 41.27 SPAD, respectively at 50 and 100 days after planting) were maximal in crops with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan and mulched with black polythene. Soil and canopy temperature were significantly higher on flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan. Soil temperature was higher with the black polythene mulch, but canopy temperature was higher with no mulch. A higher level of drip irrigation and black polythene mulch result in early picking with higher yields compared with flood irrigation and no mulch.     

不同覆膜种植对土壤水热和冬小麦产量的影响

为探索不同地膜颜色和种植方式对土壤水热及冬小麦产量的影响,设置黑、白两种地膜颜色及平作和垄作两种种植方式。通过使用TRIME-TDR及地温计对不同覆膜处理整个生育期内土壤水分和温度的监测,探究不同覆膜种植对农田土壤水热动态变化和冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:（1）在作物越冬期—返青期,覆膜处理增温效果最为显著,较对照该时期增加了1.3℃,在作物拔节期—灌浆期,覆膜受植株茂密遮阳影响,增温效果不显著;无论是平作还是垄作,黑膜处理其表层5 cm土壤温度均高于白色覆膜和对照不覆膜处理;一天内,黑、白覆膜处理表层5 cm土壤温度最高值较对照分别增加4.9℃和5.7℃。（2）整个生育期,0—20 cm耕层内土壤含水率变化波动最显著,起垄覆膜处理耕层土壤含水率平均较平作覆膜处理和对照处理分别提高5.04%和14.82%。在起垄覆黑膜处理作物生育期内,抽穗期0—100 cm土层蓄水量处理提高最为显著,较对照增加45.2 mm。（3）起垄覆黑膜增产节水效果最显著,产量较对照处理增加658.7 kg/hm²;水分利用效率较对照提高16.3%。在丰水型年,由于降水充沛,不同种植方式间土壤水分利用效率差异不显著。该结果对于覆膜种植技术的改进有一定的指导意义。