贵州独山马尾松飞播林密度控制图编制

1991年至1992年收集马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)飞播样地资料226块,根据林分密度、林分高、林分平均胸径等测树因子的变化特征,编制了贵州独山马尾松飞播林密度控制图.等树高线采用M_(-1)=a_1e~(b1H) a_2H~(b2)N~(-1);等直径线用M=a_1D~(b1)N~(b2);最大密度线M_m=AN_m~(1 B);自然稀疏线用M=K_2(1-K_3)((K_3)/(K_3-1))~(k_3)(1-N/N_0)N_0~(K_3);密度管理线用M=PM_m,等模式计算相应参数.等树高线和等直径线精度分为92.7%和92.5%.用34块未参加编图的样地资料进行F检验均无显著差异.     

江苏省马尾松林分密度管理图的使用方法

马尾松林分密度管理图是根据林分密度效应法则编制的一种森林经营图.它以立木的蓄积量(立方米/公顷)为纵坐标,株数(株/公顷)为横坐标,由等树高线(6—22术)、等直径线(6—28厘米)、最大密度线(1.0线)、等疏密线(0.3—0.9)、自然稀疏线(10000、8000、6000……)在双对数纸上绘制而成.(见图)     

湖北省湿地松林分密度管理图的编制

<正> 林分密度管理图是以林分密度效应规律为基础,根据林分密度与林分各测树因子之间的数量关系,建立各种数学模型来编制的。其图式模型是由等树高线、等直径线、最大密度线、等疏密度线和自然稀疏线五组曲线组成的,以数图的形式较为直观地表达林分生长与密度之间的数量关系。日本吉良夫存1953年发现的草木植物密度与生长之间的数量关系,是编制林分密度管理     

思茅松人工林林分密度控制图的编制与应用

在思茅松人工林集中分布的西双版纳、思茅地区的 10个县 (市 ) ,按照立地条件、年龄、郁闭度、生长状况等的不同 ,设置 16 6块标准地 ,用以编制林分密度控制图 ,包括等树高线、等直径线、最大密度 (饱和密度 )线、等疏密度线、等自然稀疏线等 5条曲线 ,根据密度控制图可以求算林分蓄积量、疏密度、优势高 ;可以求算林分间伐量、间隔期进行间伐设计 ;可以预测各生长阶段的平均胸径、生长量等。经检验等树高线精度为 96 1% ,等直径线精度为 97 8%。     

尾叶桉不同施肥措施对生长量的影响及经济效益分析

在雷州半岛的唐家林场设立了7种施肥处理试验①ck(不施肥对照)、②P_(15)、③K_8、④P_3K_4、⑤N_2P_4K_4、⑥N_3P_6K_6、⑦滤泥5kg+N_5P_2K_2,分别于2a、3a和4a时进行了调查和经济分析。结果表明,施肥影响尾叶桉平均胸径、平均树高和蓄积量的生长,这种影响在2a～4a间都到达显著水平。在7种处理之间,所有6施肥处理都与对照差异显著;多元素与单元素处理之间差异显著;在2a～4a间,N_3P_6K_6处理的平均胸径、平均树高和材积生长量都最大。 N_3P_6K_6处理的产值最高,利润也最高,比排第2的常规施肥处理N_5P_2K_2利润多12.5％;是对照处理利润的3.75倍,为最佳施肥处理。     

江苏省马尾松林分密度管理图的编制

林分密度管理图(又称控制图)系根据林分密度效应法编制而成的一种森林经营图.它由等树高线、等直径线、最大密度线、等疏密线、自然稀疏线组成.林分密度管理图主要用来控制林分各生长阶段的立木密度,以达到森林经营的最高经济收益,具有准确、直观、便于使用等优点.随着森林经营集约度的提高,林分密度管理图将逐渐成为确定森林经营类型、定量间伐、资源清查、生长预测和造林设计的重要工具之一.     

编制长白落叶松林分密度管理图研究报告

林分密度管理图是日本林学家根据林分密度法则理论,以林分密度效应规律为基础,用密度与各测树因子之间数量关系建立数学模式来编制的。这个图式模型是由最大密度线、等直径线、等树高线、自然稀疏线、经营管理线等五组曲线构成。它们之间关系是以林分蓄积量为变量,以密度为自变量建立起各种数学模式集中在双对数纸上,便构成林分密度管理图。它是进行定量间伐、生长予测的重要工具;对森林资源的调查,造林设计和经营管理工作也能提供参考性数量指标。     

广南县杉木人工林林分密度控制图的编制

为探讨杉木人工林立木密度对优势木平均高、林分单位面积蓄积量、林分平均直径等生长因子的规律,于2003~2005年在广南县14个乡镇,设置20m×30m的杉木人工林样地215块,在实测胸径和树高的基础上进行资料整理,并编制了杉木人工林林分密度控制图。经检验,其等树高线精度为97.8%,等直径线精度为98.8%。     

旱柳人工林密度管理图的编制

旱柳生长快,繁殖容易,生命力、适应性强,是我市汶河沿岸林地主要造林树种之一。在汶河沿岸14万亩有林地中,旱柳林面积达3万余亩,占21.4％,总蓄积量12万立方米,此林分多为中幼龄林。为了提高旱柳林生长量,缩短培育期,明确不同林龄,不同立地条件上林分密度,制定合理经营措施,编制了旱柳林分密度管理图,作为间伐、生长预测、资源清查和造林设计的依据。 林分密度管理图是以林分密度效应规律为基础,用密度与各测树因子之间相关关系所建立的数学模型编制的,是由最大密度线、等树高线、等直径线、经营管理线和自然稀疏线所组成。这五组线既独立,又相互联系,同时,均受着林分密度限制。 一、材料收集和整理 编表材料均是取自我市汶河沿岸现有旱柳林分。基本上代表着各种林分生长状况。蓄积量按标准木解析材料计算。标准地调查因子有平均树高、优势木树高、平均直径、单位面积株数、单位面积蓄积量等。计算时,     

沙地樟子松天然林林分密度控制图的研制

沙地樟子松天然林林分密度控制图是依据林分密度效应理论编制的 ,它由等树高线、等直径线、密度管理线、最大密度线和自然稀疏线等五组曲线组成。该图的单位面积、蓄积量估计值平均检验精度为 88.4% ,能满足生产实践中的估测需要。它能广泛应用于林分定量抚育间伐、生长收获预估、森林资源清查、造林设计、森林类型划分等许多方面 ,是集约化经营森林的重要工具。     

Development of a stand density management diagram for even-aged pedunculate oak stands and its use in designing thinning schedules

Density management is the usual method used by silviculturiststo achieve a desired future stand condition, and one of themost effective methods of design, display and evaluation ofalternative density management regimes in even-aged stands isthe use of stand density management diagrams. In the presentstudy, we describe a method for developing thinning schedulesfor even-aged pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands in Galicia(north-western Spain), using a density management diagram. Thediagram integrates the relationships among stand density, dominantheight, quadratic mean diameter and stand volume in a singlegraph. The data used in its construction were obtained from172 sample plots located throughout Galicia. The diagram isbasically composed of two equations: the first relates the quadraticmean diameter to the stand density and dominant height; thesecond relates the stand volume to the quadratic mean diameter,stand density and dominant height. These equations were fittedsimultaneously using full information maximum likelihood. Therelative spacing index is used to characterize the growing stockand the diagram provides isolines for dominant height, numberof trees per hectare, quadratic mean diameter and stand volume.Dominant height isolines together with the site index curvesallow specification of the timing of thinnings while intermediateand final harvest volumes are calculated using the stand volumesisolines.     

Das Wachstum von Pinus pinaster (Aiton) in Abhängigkeit vom Standraum

Summary Spacing trials were established inPinus pinaster, in plantations in the Southern and South-Western Cape Province in South Africa. Eight spacings, with nominal initial stem numbers between 125 and 3000 were tested in each of the two trials, with a single replicate in each experiment. The Chapman-Richards growth model was applied to mean diameter, mean height and basal area/ha. For diameter and height, the assumption m=0 holds true, but for basal area/ha, this parameter is related to initial stem number. The volume growth of each sample plot was estimated from equations with basal area and mean height and their interaction as predictor-variables. The regression model also included constraints for basal area and height, to prevent anomalies for the estimated volume per hectare at young age. Each of the trials contained a number of plots, thinned after the onset of competition. The growth rates in these plots was statistically significantly greater than that of the same stand density in the unthinned plots.      

Estimation of stand attributes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis> stands using QuickBird panchromatic data

This study aims to estimate stand density and stand volume in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands from high-resolution satellite data and verify the reliability and uncertainty of the data. Sixty circular sample plots of 0.04 ha each were established. Their stand densities were estimated from the number of tree crowns derived from high-resolution satellite data using the watershed method. Stand densities derived from field surveys in the sample plots were compared with those obtained from high-resolution satellite data by stand age class. As a result, there was a positive correlation between them for sample plots of 41 years of age and over (R = 0.82); however, there was no correlation between them for sample plots of 40 years and under. Individual diameters at breast height (DBH) were estimated from crown areas obtained from high-resolution satellite data for the two species. Using the estimated DBH, individual tree heights were predicted from the height–diameter curves. Stand volumes were estimated from the sum of individual volumes, which were derived from volume formulas having two variables, i.e., DBH and height. Stand volumes derived from the field survey were compared with those obtained from high-resolution satellite data. The correlation coefficient between them for stands of 41 years of age and over was 0.78.     

Development of a stand density management diagram for Santalum album plantations in Karnataka,India

Stand density management diagrams are average stand-level models that graphically display the relationship between stand yield, density, height and diameter throughout the various stages of forest development in even-aged stands. These are useful tools for designing, displaying and evaluating alternative density regimes in even-aged forest ecosystems to achieve a desired future condition. In this paper, we present a stand density management diagram constructed for sandalwood stands in Karnataka state of India. The relationship between stand density, dominant height, quadratic mean diameter, relative spacing and stand volume is exhibited in one graph. The relative spacing index was used to characterise the growing stock level. Two equations were fitted to the data collected from 19 sample plots measured annually for three years: one relates quadratic mean diameter with stand density and dominant height, whereas the other relates total stand volume with quadratic mean diameter, stand density and dominant height.     

泡桐胶合板材林最适经营密度及主伐年龄研究

通过对４０３块兰考泡桐外业调查资料的分析，发现兰考泡桐的直径分布可用Ｌ－ＰＲＭ进行预测；林分平均直径，任意高处的直径，单位面积胶合板材、檩材，椽材出材量可用建立的平均直径预估模型，干曲线方程，出材量预估模型进行预测。经检验其预测的精度能满足生产上的实际需要。用胶合板材出材量和内部收益率综合评价得出：４０立地指数级林地培育大中径级，中径级胶合板材的最适造林密度分别为每公顷２００株和２５０株，主伐年龄     

全国杉木人工林间伐表编制的研究

根据全国各带，区，各指数级杉木林分生长过程，编制了８～２２指数级相应的间伐表共５组（即南带，北带，中带东区，中区和西区）利用５３块间伐标地材料，以ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｘ模型，求出间伐后的平均高和平均胸径的回归经验式，该表与利用杉木林分密度管理图编制的间伐表进行检验比较，误差在１．９％～２．６７％之间，间伐开始期，则视初植密度的大小，与指数级的高低而异，间伐终止期，一般为１５ａ，最大不超过１８ａ，且与初植密度     

Growth responses to planting density and management intensity in loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern USA Lower Coastal Plain

? Background

A culture/density study was established in 1995 in the Lower Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA to evaluate the effects of intensive silviculture and current operational practices on the growth and yield of loblolly pine plantations across a wide range of planting densities (741–4,448 trees/ha). The operational regime consisted of bedding and herbicide application in site preparation and fertilizer applications at planting and in the eighth and 12th growing seasons. The intensive management regime had additional complete competition control, tip moths control, and more repeated fertilization treatments.

? Methods

The data from 14 locations from this split-plot experiment design with repeated measurements were analyzed with a mixed-effects model approach in terms of average DBH, average height, average dominant height, survival, stand basal area, and stand volume.

? Results

In the first few years after planting, there were no significant effects of management intensity and planting density. In later years, both management intensity and planting density significantly impacted response variables, and their interaction was only significant for average diameter at breast height (DBH). Responses to intensive management in DBH were greatest at the lowest planting densities. Intensive management resulted in larger average DBH, average height, dominant height, stand basal area, and volume. Intensively managed plots had more mortality at age 12. There were negative average DBH, average height, dominant height, and survival responses but positive stand basal area and volume responses to increasing planting density. However, there were no significant differences for planting densities above 2,224 trees/ha.

? Conclusions

The results demonstrate that both management intensity and planting density significantly affect loblolly pine productivity in the Lower Coastal Plain, and their effects are additive in nature due to the general lack of interactions.     

不同密度南方型杨树人工林的主伐年龄研究

根据湖北省10个县、市31块标准地的11种主要密度类型林分的调查资料,从技术经济学的角度,以林分数量成熟与经济成熟为依据,对各密度类型林分的主伐年龄进行了研究,结果表明:①南方型杨树各种密度类型人工林的年均收益最大值出现在材积连年生长量最大值与数量成熟龄之间,一般早于数量成熟龄1～2a。②林分的主伐年龄与数量成熟龄表现出随着林分密度的减少而逐渐变大的总趋势,而主伐年龄时的最大年均净收益则随林分密度增大而增加,与林分单位面积蓄积量的变化趋势基本一致。③培育造纸、刨花板等小径材林分的轮伐期为5～6a,木芯板、火柴、家具等中径材的轮伐期为6～9a,培育胶合板等大径材的年限则需要10～12a。     

马尾松人工速生丰产林林分生长模拟与最适密度管理技术研究

以固定样地观测和临时样地调查相结合的办法收集林分现实生长与经间伐或间伐设计后所保留群体的生长资料;以固定样地观测资料为依据,以林分平均胸径连年生长量及胸径度离散度的指标,确定不同地位指数林分间伐的起始年龄;采用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ函数模拟合理密度与生长水平下的林分平均树高及胸径生长;并采用间伐或间伐设计前,后林分生长标准的调查资料,以地位级指数,林林分平均胸径及胸径离散度为自变量建立起人工速生丰产林的