花生品种蛋白质含量、含油量及脂肪酸组成的分析

４０００多份花生品种的种子蛋白质含量平均值为２７．４５％，平均含油量为５０．５７％。油酸和亚油酸之和占总脂肪酸的８０％以上。国外引进品种的蛋白质含量和含油量比国内品种的对应值略高。在国内花生品种中，河南品种的平均蛋白质含量最低，平均含油量最高。广东品种的平均蛋白质含量和含油量比山东品种的对应值高。多粒型和珍珠豆型品种的平均蛋白质含量比龙生型和普通型的对应值高，珍珠豆型和中间型品种的平均含油量较高。筛选出高蛋白资源３１７份，高油分资源１８８份，优质脂肪资源５０份。     

山东花生种质资源籽仁营养品质研究

对山东省379份花生种质资源的品质分析表明,脂肪和蛋白质含量在类型间存在着一定差异,筛选出高脂肪(53.0%以上)材料6份,高蛋白质(33.0%以上)材料8份。脂肪酸和氨基酸的分析表明,普通型花生品种品质优于其他类型,其中油酸/亚油酸比值均在1.6以上,个别的达2.0以上,17种氨基酸中有12种以普通型品种含量最高,对今后花生品种的品质改良提出了初步设思。     

不同核桃品种脂肪酸组分的化学计量学分析

为研究山西晋中产区核桃不同品种脂肪含量与脂肪酸的组成特点,并为核桃栽培、育种、加工利用提供相关依据,采用索氏提取、气相色谱分析法分析测定了37个核桃品种中的总脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成,并通过变异分析、相关分析、通径分析、聚类分析和主成分分析对测定结果进行计算。结果表明:(1)37个核桃品种的总脂肪含量为56.8%~70.88%,平均值为65.78%;棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸是核桃中的主要脂肪酸;油酸含量的变异系数最大,亚油酸含量的变异系数最小;(2)各脂肪酸组分与总脂肪含量之间均为正相关,其中,亚油酸与总脂肪含量之间达极显著性相关水平,棕榈酸与总脂肪含量之间达显著性相关水平;(3)油酸对总脂肪含量的直接效应最大,棕榈酸对总脂肪含量的直接效应最小;(4)脂肪酸组成的主要信息可通过各组分的线性组合表达;(5)37个核桃品种可划分为"高含油率-高亚麻酸"核桃品种类群和"低含油率-高油酸"核桃品种类型。     

不同核桃种品种脂肪酸组分的化学计量学分析

为研究山西晋中产区核桃不同品种脂肪含量与脂肪酸的组成特点并为核桃栽培、育种、加工利用提供相关依据,采用索氏提取、气相色谱分析法分析测定了37个核桃品种中的总脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成,并通过变异分析、相关分析、通径分析、聚类分析和主成分分析对测定结果进行挖掘计算,结果表明：1、37个核桃品种的总脂肪含量为56.8%~70.88%,平均值为65.78%;棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸是核桃中的主要脂肪酸;油酸含量的变异系数最大,亚油酸含量的变异系数最小;2、各脂肪酸组分与总脂肪含量之间均为正相关,其中,亚油酸与总脂肪含量之间达极显著性相关水平,棕榈酸与总脂肪含量之间达显著性相关水平;3、油酸对总脂肪含量的直接效应最大,棕榈酸对总脂肪含量的直接效应最小;4、脂肪酸组成的主要信息可通过各组分的线性组合表达;5、37个核桃品种可划分为“高含油率-高亚麻酸”核桃品种类群和“低含油率-高油酸”核桃品种类型。     

鄂豫皖芝麻种质资源品质状况分析

对鄂豫皖1201份芝麻种质资源品质分析结果表明,粗脂肪含量42.03%～60.28%,平均53.63%。脂肪酸的组成,亚油酸平均含量最高,为44.56%,次之为油酸,含量41.61%,棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量较低,为8.90%和4.93%。蛋白质含量15.30%～28.69%,平均22.37%。选出高粗脂肪含量(59%以上)资源10份,高蛋白质含量(27%以上)12份,高亚油酸(51%以上)9份。     

大豆脂肪酸组份相关、变异特点分析

通过对国内外314份大豆品种材料的脂肪酸组成和变异特点及其与蛋白、脂肪相关性进行分析,结果表明,我国大豆品种具有亚油酸含量高且变异幅度小,亚麻酸含量变异程度较大的特点;5种脂肪酸成分间以及与蛋白、脂肪间存在相关关系,其中亚麻酸、亚油酸及油酸之间的相关关系,受环境影响较小;不饱和脂肪酸变异主要来自生态类型间的差异:油酸平均含量最高为南方春大豆,最低为长江春大豆;亚油酸平均含量最高为长江春大豆,最低为南方春大豆;亚麻酸平均含量最高为长江春大豆,最低为南方夏大豆;育成品种比地方品种变异幅度小;饱和脂肪酸的平均含量与品种来源和生态类型均无密切联系。本研究筛选出一批具有高油酸、高亚油酸、低亚麻酸等不同特点的优质品种资源。研究结果可为大豆的种质资源评价、利用及品种选择提供科学依据。     

东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究

测定2341份我国东北地区大豆品种资源5种脂肪酸含量。以亚油酸含量最高,45—62%。平均含量依次为亚油酸>油酸>棕榈酸>亚麻酸>硬脂酸。分析比较结果,各脂肪酸含量,不同种皮色、脐色、结荚习性、叶形和花色品种间存在显著差异。棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,不同栽培类型、不同粒形品种间有显著差异。硬脂酸、油酸和亚麻酸     

北京地区花生引进品种的品质性状分析及评价

选用13个大粒花生品种和6个中粒花生品种,在京郊4个花生产区种植并对其品质性状进行研究.结果表明:中粒花生品种的蛋白质含量比大粒花生高出2.1％;大粒花生品种河北2号的蛋白质含量(30.7％)最高,中粒花生品种山花8号蛋白质含量(33.4％)最高;大粒花生花育25号和农大060的脂肪含量(49.2％)最高,中粒花生中花育20的脂肪含量(49.6％)最高;大粒花生品种的产量高于中粒花生,中粒花生品种的蛋白质、脂肪含量高于大粒花生,但大粒花生的油酸/亚油酸比值高于中粒花生.大粒花生濮科花9519、花育25号、豫花9327和河北2号,中粒花生品种河北1号、花育26和花育20号,适宜在北京地区推广种植.     

基于变异系数和主成分分析花生主要品质性状的遗传多样性评价

为了解花生籽仁品质多样性,对 19 个河南省夏直播花生品种的籽仁脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、油酸含量及亚油酸含量等主要品质性状,进行变异分析、相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析以及综合评价。结果表明,花生籽仁主要品质指标差异较大,油酸含量和亚油酸含量变异系数均超过平均变异系数,脂肪含量变异系数最小。主成分分析结果表明,前 2 个主成分的累积贡献率达到了 95.06%,第 1 主成分主要决定因子是高油酸、低亚油酸因子,第 2 主成分主要决定因子是高脂肪、低蛋白因子。19 个花生品种可聚为两类,类群Ⅰ包含开农 71 和农花 11,类群Ⅱ包含豫花 47 号、豫花 9327、郑花 013 等 17 个品种。综合评价得知,排名前 5 位的品种是农花 11、开农 71、郑花 013、豫花 9327 和豫花 47 号,其中农花 11、开农 71 属于高油高油酸双高花生品种,花生亲本组合选配时,可以考虑选择这 2 个品种作为目标亲本加以利用。     

紫苏种子发育过程中脂肪酸组分变化研究

以野生紫苏与栽培紫苏为材料,通过气相色谱对2个紫苏品种种子发育过程中脂肪酸组分的含量及其变化进行了研究.结果表明:紫苏种子脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸5种成分组成,不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的90％左右,其中α-亚麻酸含量最高,达60％以上.种子发育过程中棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸含量相对较为稳定,亚油酸含量随种子发育逐渐降低,而α-亚麻酸含量随种子发育不断增加直至成熟,占总脂肪酸的60％以上.     

Pure line selection for improved yield, oil content and different fatty acid composition of sesame, Sesamum indicum

The aims of this study were estimation of the variability of seed yield, oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content in single plant progenies and lines derived from Turkish sesame populations, and the improvement of different type lines with regard to high seed yield, high oil content and specific fatty acid composition. Different types of lines were developed—i.e. lines which yielded over 1000 kg seeds/ha from the yield type progenies and lines which yielded over 63% of oil content from oil type progenies—but it was not possible to improve lines where fatty acid composition differed dramatically from that of oleic and linoleic type progenies.     

Survey of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm for variants in fatty acid composition and other seed characters

Summary Two hundred safflower accessions, originated in 37 countries, and multiplied in two environments, were evaluated for fatty acid composition of the seed oil and other seed characters. Overall mean values of stearic and palmitic acids were similar in both environments but differed for seed weight and oil content. Oleic and linoleic acids showed also similar overall mean content in both environments but some entries with intermediate contents of these acids displayed significant variation among environments. Oleic and linoleic acids showed a tremendous range of variation, from 3.1 to 90.60% and from 3.9 to 88.8%, respectively. The ranges of variation observed for stearic, oleic and linoleic acids indicate that all the reccessive genes, already discovered, controlling high content of these acids, st, ol and li, are present in the collection. Moreover, the upper values of oleic, ten points higher than the published values for the high oleic genotype olol, suggest than other genes controlling such levels may be present.     

不同品种紫苏种子营养成分及脂肪酸组分分析

为了给优化种质资源改良提供理论依据,选用10个不同紫苏品种作为供试材料,研究其种子性状、品质、脂肪酸组成及含量,并对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,10个不同品种紫苏种子直径、千粒重、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和纤维素含量均存在显著差异,变幅为籽粒直径1.58~2.15 mm,千粒重2.36~5.12 g,粗脂肪34.0%~45.2%,粗蛋白18.5%~21.8%,纤维素19.0%~25.1%。总脂肪酸中含棕榈酸3.16%~4.77%,硬脂酸0.56%~1.86%,油酸11.42%~23.06%,亚油酸8.53%~13.02%,亚麻酸58.48%~70.90%,总不饱和脂肪酸占到总脂肪酸的93.26%~95.00%。ZY-3,ZY-1,ZB-1,BZ-2和BS-1粗脂肪含量高,α-亚麻酸比例大,可作为高油高亚麻酸优质育种材料。试验结果还表明,粗脂肪、亚麻酸含量与籽粒直径和千粒重间均呈显著正相关,油酸含量与籽粒直径和千粒重间呈显著负相关,而油酸与亚麻酸含量间呈极显著负相关。因此,要提高紫苏籽的亚麻酸含量,就要适当控制其油酸含量。     

Maternal effects and cytoplasmic inheritance of oleic and linoleic acid contents in sesame

Summary Responses to selection may be affected by cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects. Their effect on the content of oleic and linoleic acids in sesame seed oil (Sesame indicum L.) was studied using reciprocal crosses and reciprocal backcrosses. Separation of fatty acid methyl esters was carried out by gas liquid chromatography. Cytoplasmic inheritance for oleic and linoleic acids was found to be negligible in both types of crosses. Maternal effects were not observed in reciprocal crosses, however, they were detected in reciprocal F₁'s for both oleic and linoleic acids. This may be due to differences in phenological development of the parental lines affecting reciprocal crosses, but not reciprocal backcrosses.Contribution from the Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. The senior author gratefully acknowledges receipt of a Fulbright-Hays Grant to carry out this study from the Fulbright Commission for Educational Interchange between the United States of America and Chile.     

续随子种子油提取工艺响应面法优化及成分分析

确定续随子种子油的最优提取工艺,并对其脂肪酸成分进行分析。通过比较索氏法、超声法、水酶法对续随子种子油的提取效率,选出最佳提取方法。在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman 设计筛选索氏提取法中影响提取率的因素。以种子油提取率作为响应目标,对筛选出的因素通过中心复合设计(Central Composite Design)进行优化,确定索氏提取法的最优提取工艺。三种方法的最高得率分别为41.97%,36.38%,34.33%。提取溶剂、液料比、温度、时间为影响最明显的因素。确定了索氏提取法的最优提取工艺为：提取溶剂石油醚,液料比30:1(v:m),提取温度90℃,提取时间9 h。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析种子油成分,共鉴定出8 种脂肪酸,占总脂肪酸含量的99%以上。其中,不饱和脂肪酸以油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生酸等为主,其含量达到总脂肪酸90%以上。在此工艺条件下,续随子种子油得率理论值为54.353%,实测值为54.175%,与理论值相比,相对误差为0.120%。研究结果可为续随子种子油的提取工艺提供参考,为续随子的进一步开发利用建立基础。     

The accumulation pattern in developing seeds and its relation to fatty acid variation in soybean

Sixty soybean cultivars from Japan and the USA formed five maturity groups (IIb‐Vc) based on number of days from sowing to flowering and number of days from flowering to maturity. Highly significant intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were found in all the maturity groups, especially in IIc. Stearic and oleic acids showed a larger variation than palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Principal component analysis suggested that the total variation of fatty acid composition depended mainly on the desaturation levels from oleic to linoleic acid. Three cultivars exhibiting unique fatty acid composition, together with a standard cultivar, were examined for the contents of the five fatty acids, as well as crude oil at eight seed‐filling stages. For all four cultivars, it was found that crude oil content increased sigmoidally with advancing filling stage, and that the accumulation patterns of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were similar to that of crude oil. However, the accumulation pattern of stearic acid was different from that of crude oil and divided the cultivars into two distinct groups. For oleic acid, only the cultivar ‘Aburamame’ showed a rapid increase in proportion with advancing filling stage, although not differing markedly in accumulated content from the other cultivars. These results indicate that analysing the accumulation patterns of fatty acids could explain the latent genetic variation in fatty acid composition of soybean seeds.     

微波对毛酸浆籽油提取效率的影响及其脂肪酸分析

以毛酸浆种子为原料,研究索氏微波提取法对毛酸浆籽油提取效率的影响,并以甲酯化脂肪酸为标准品,采用气相色谱法对毛酸浆籽油脂肪酸成分进行分析,通过与标准品比对出峰时间确定试样脂肪酸成分,使用面积归一法确定试样中各脂肪酸含量。结果表明,与普通热风干燥相比,微波干燥法能够提高毛酸浆籽油的提取效率;利用气相色谱法对毛酸浆籽油进行脂肪酸分析,共检测出8种脂肪酸,分别为:肉豆蔻酸1.3%,棕榈酸10.3%,硬脂酸5.3%,油酸14.3%,亚油酸62.7%,亚麻酸4.0%,花生酸1.1%,二十二烷酸1.0%。其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量占81.0%,说明毛酸浆籽油具有较高的营养价值,开发前景广阔。     

甘蓝型油菜DH群体主要品质性状相关性及主成分分析

为了研究甘蓝型油菜品质性状之间的相关性,以期有效的改良油菜的品质性状,将170份DH纯系群体于2009-2012年进行田间试验,检测油菜种子品质性状,对其表型、相关性及主成分进行分析。结果表明：亲本中芥酸含量的变异系数最大(相差15.53%)。油菜DH群体中硫甙含量的变异幅度最大(128.43μmol/g饼粕),饱和脂肪酸的变异幅度最小(1.97%)。DH群体的品质性状表型变异幅度显示出了超亲遗传的现象。除了芥酸,含油量与其他组分呈现出极显著的负相关,特别是与蛋白质含量的负相关系数最大(-0.72)；蛋白质含量与油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和硫甙含量均呈极显著的正相关,与含油量和芥酸呈极显著的负相关；除了蛋白质,其他组分含量皆与硫甙含量呈现出极显著或者不显著的负相关。通过主成分分析可将品质性状综合为油酸亚油酸酸因子,蛋白质因子,亚麻酸因子和硫甙因子,累积贡献率达到93.94%,基本反映甘蓝型油菜DH系群体脂肪酸组分信息。     

Effect of 1,1-Dimethyl Piperidinium Chloride (Pix) on the Seed, Protein, Oil and Fatty Acids of Egyptian Cotton

Two field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on the cotton cultivar, Giza 75 (Gossypiitm barbadense L.) to determine the effect of foliar application of Pix at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ppm on cottonseed yield, seed index, protein and oil contents and fatty acid compositions of cottonseed oil. Pix was sprayed once at 90 days or twice at 90 and 110 days from sowing date.
Seed yield/plant or /ha, protein and oil yield/ha, and seed index increased due to the application of Pix compared to the control. The highest response occurred with 40 or 60 ppm Pix and with one application rather than two. The seed protein percentage increased due to Pix application, especially at 10 ppm. A slight increase in seed oil percentage was detected throughout Pix applications. The number of applications had no noticeable effect on seed protein and oil %. Application of Pix caused a general decrease in the saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic, and palmitic), associated with an increase in the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These results were confirmed bv the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated (TU/TS). Ten ppm Pix gave the highest TU/TS. Generally, the saturated fatty acids decreased while the unsaturated fatty acids increased with one application rather than two. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated ones.     

棉仁高油分材料筛选及其脂肪酸发育分析

对2个主要栽培棉种共61个棉花材料的棉仁油分含量测定表明,棉花种间的棉仁油分含量差异较大。陆地棉和海岛棉材料的平均棉仁油分含量分别为30.42%和37.25%。陆地棉材料中棉仁油分含量变幅较大,从25.27%到35.42%;海岛棉材料的棉仁油分含量相对一致。分别以海岛棉‘Pima90-53’和陆地棉‘徐州142’、‘T586’为材料,考察了棉子发育过程中,油分含量及成分的发育变化进程。研究发现,棉仁油分含量在开花后20d时已达到棉仁干重的25%左右,棉子完全成熟时油分相对含量达到最高。气相色谱分析表明,棉仁脂肪酸主要包括棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸等,其中亚油酸的含量可达50%以上。随着棉子的发育,棉仁亚油酸含量逐渐减少,而棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸含量逐渐增加。棉花种间和种内材料的棉仁油分含量差异较大,说明对棉花材料的棉仁油分含量进行遗传改良具有较大的潜力。