草地贪夜蛾性信息素的合成

草地贪夜蛾性信息素具有不伤害天敌、不产生抗药性、对环境安全等优点。其主要活性成分为:(Z)-7-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-9-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-11-十六碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(E)-7-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯和 (9Z, 12E)- 9,12-十四碳二烯-1-醇乙酸酯。本文研究了一种高效、简捷的合成草地贪夜蛾性信息素的新方法,其关键步骤包括:醛与官能团化鏻盐的Wittig偶联、炔的烷基化以及丙二酸与丙醛的Knoevenagel 缩合等反应。其中醛与羟基鏻盐的Wittig反应及Knoevenagel 缩合反应首次用于草地贪夜蛾性信息素的合成。     

棉铃象的信息素及其应用

信息素(Pheromone)是一类由昆虫个体释放于体外,以调节或诱发同种其它个体行为反应的化学物质,它包括性信息素,聚集素、报警素和示踪素等。从雄性棉铃象中已分离鉴定出由4种成分组成的性信息素和聚集素:(+)顺2-异丙烯基-1-甲基环丁基乙醇、顺-3,3-二甲基-Δ~(β)-环己基乙醇、顺-3,3-二甲基-Δ(α)-环己基乙醛和反-3,3-二甲基-Δ~(α)-环己基乙醛。其中的第一种化合物必须与第二     

草地贪夜蛾性信息素的合成（英文）

草地贪夜蛾性信息素具有不伤害天敌、不产生抗药性、对环境安全等优点。其主要活性成分为:(Z)-7-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-9-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(Z)-11-十六碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、(E)-7-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯和(9Z, 12E)-9,12-十四碳二烯-1-醇乙酸酯。本文研究了一种高效、简捷的合成草地贪夜蛾性信息素的新方法,其关键步骤包括:醛与官能团化鏻盐的Wittig偶联、炔的烷基化以及丙二酸与丙醛的Knoevenagel缩合等反应。其中醛与羟基鏻盐的Wittig反应及Knoevenagel缩合反应首次用于草地贪夜蛾性信息素的合成。     

新一代烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺及中间体合成新工艺的研究

本文以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,在乙醇钠条件下与氯乙酸乙酯反应生成乙烷-1,2,2-三羧酸乙酯,再用硼氢化钠还原得2-羟基-1,4-丁二醇,在对甲苯磺酸的催化下脱水环合成3-羟甲基四氢呋喃,再与对甲苯磺酰氯、三乙胺反应生成3-四氢呋喃甲基对甲苯磺酸酯;甲醛水溶液、甲基硝基胍、甲胺水溶液在乙醇中反应生成1,5-二甲基-2-硝基亚胺六氢-1,3,5-三嗪;3-四氢呋喃甲基对甲苯磺酸酯与1,5-二甲基-2-硝基亚胺六氢-1,3,5-三嗪反应生成呋虫胺。     

粉螨性信息素(R)-2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯-1-醇的不对称合成

粉螨Tyreophagus sp. 包括许多危害农作物的重要害虫和仓储害虫,而(R)-2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯-1-醇为粉螨 性信息素的主要成分。本研究首次利用Evans手性助剂法构建该性信息素的手性叔碳中心,以戊醛酸甲酯为原料,经过Wittig偶联、LiOH水解、甲基化及硼氢化钠还原等6步反应,完成了该信息素的不对称合成。     

Ugi反应合成4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑化合物及其抗烟草花叶病毒活性

为了寻找更多高活性化合物和进行先导结构的衍生,利用Ugi反应设计合成了18个 4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑新化合物(I-1~I-18),其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱的表征和确认。杀菌、抗病毒以及诱导活性的筛选结果表明:目标化合物I-3和I-11抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的半叶法活性高于对照药剂病毒唑,I-6的保护活性和钝化活性高于病毒唑,I-12的治疗活性高于病毒唑,I-16的诱导活性高于对照药剂噻酰菌胺;氟原子的引入有利于保持和提高新化合物的抗病毒活性,4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑和氟原子是新化合物抗病毒的重要活性亚结构单元。Ugi反应是新农药创制中先导优化的绿色手段。     

1-(2-酰氧基-4,5-亚甲二氧基)苯基-2-甲基丙烯酮类化合物的合成及抑菌活性

以具有较高抑菌活性的卡枯醇衍生物1-(2-羟基-4,5-亚甲二氧基)苯基-2-甲基丙烯酮为原料,设计合成了14个未见文献报道的1-(2-酰氧基-4,5-亚甲二氧基)苯基-2-甲基丙烯酮类(2a～2n)化合物,其结构经电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MS)和核磁共振氢谱确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明,在100 mg/L下,目标化合物对5种供试病原菌均具有较高的抑菌活性,其中, 2b和2d 对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum的抑制率达100%。     

用信息素和植物油诱捕谷象

谷象 Sitophilus granarius L.对不同浓度信息素和植物油的反应被测试。冷榨未精炼麦芽油、能量油、燕麦油有较强的诱虫性。(R~*,S~*)—1—乙基丙基2—甲基—3—羟基戊酸对谷象有聚集反应,而高浓度诱性降低。在瓦楞纸诱捕器中,信息素与有诱性的植物油结合,诱虫性优于信息素或植物油。     

双呋喃二氢沉香呋喃醚类衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性

以苦皮藤Celastrus angulatus Max.提取物水解产物中的1β,2β,4α,6α,8β,9α,12-七羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃为起始原料,与甲磺酰氯(MsCl)反应后,得到一结构新颖的双呋喃二氢沉香呋喃甲磺酸酯(Ⅱ),并设计合成了8个新的双呋喃二氢沉香呋喃醚类衍生物 2.1~2.8 ,其结构经核磁共振谱、质谱等方法鉴定。初步的杀虫活性测定结果表明:化合物 2.1~2.8 对粘虫Mythimna separata 3龄幼虫具有较强的胃毒活性,其中烯丙基醚和正丁基醚衍生物( 2.5和2.6 ) 在20 mg/mL的浓度下对粘虫3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为66.7 %和50.0 %。     

N-取代2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰胺的合成及杀菌活性

通过2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰氯与苯胺或氨基吡啶类化合物反应,合成了7 个未见文献报道的N-取代2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰胺类化合物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、高分辨质谱和元素分析的表征和确认。对8种病原菌进行的初步杀菌活性测试结果表明:目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对水稻纹枯病菌 Pellicularia sasakii 的活性最好(抑制率在72.60%～91.78%之间),其中 6a 的抑制率最高。     

Sublethal effects of larval treatment with deltamethrin on moth sex pheromone communication system of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

The first, third, and fifth instar larvae of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were treated with a lethal dose 30% of deltamethrin to determine its sublethal effects on chemical communication of the adult survivors. The capability of all males surviving deltamethrin to contact the pheromone source in a wind tunnel was significantly reduced, but those treated as the first and third instars also exhibited lower percentages of `orientation,' `up-wind flight,' and `approaching' behaviors than the control males. Female moths from the deltamethrin treatment exhibited similar calling periodicity and percentages to the control moths during 10-h scotophase. However, approximately 20% of the females that survived the pyrethroid in the first and third instars contained significantly higher amounts of sex pheromone and wider coefficients of variation of the ratio of E12-tetradecenyl acetate to its Z isomer in those female survivors. There was no significant difference in the pheromone titers and coefficients of variation in control females and the females treated in the fifth instars. The present study indicates that the Asian corn borer may possess a compensation system by which the males that survived treatment at larval stage present a lower response to the pheromone, while the female survivors produce and release more pheromone.     

青岛地区暗黑鳃金龟性信息素鉴定及田间应用技术

为深入了解国内暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky种群的性信息素组分及其田间引诱效果,采用气质联用技术对其雌性信息素进行了分离鉴定,利用标记-回捕技术测试了5 h内暗黑鳃金龟的扩散距离,并在此基础上测试了诱捕器颜色、离地高度、密度、单诱芯性信息素含量等对田间诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：L-异亮氨酸甲酯和（R）-（-）-芳樟醇为国内青岛种群暗黑鳃金龟雌虫性信息素的主要组分,两者含量比为7：1;暗黑鳃金龟5 h扩散距离可达400 m以上,平均扩散距离为55.9 m,扩散距离在20~60 m的个体占总虫数的77.5%;黄色诱捕器对该虫的引诱效果显著优于黑色和绿色;诱捕器离地2 m引诱到的试虫数目显著高于1、1.5、2.5和3 m;单个诱芯性信息素含量360 mg引诱效果最好,显著高于180 mg及以下浓度;诱捕器间隔20~60 m防治效果较好,结合使用成本和试虫扩散距离,间距60 m最优。     

粘虫雌蛾性信息素特征成分鉴定及其不同配比的室内引诱效果

为确定粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)雌蛾的性信息素特征成分及其不同配比的室内引诱效果,采用气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-触角电位联用技术检测了雌蛾性腺浸提液,并利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了粘虫雄蛾对不同配比性信息素特征成分的选择反应。结果显示,从粘虫的求偶雌蛾性腺浸提液中可分离到顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇3种特征成分,在色谱柱中的保留时间依次为15.82、16.06和17.27 min,含量分别为3.37、1.83和0.10 ng,比例约为34∶18∶1。无论是天然存在于雌蛾性腺还是人工合成的顺-11-十六碳烯醛均能够激发雄蛾的电生理反应。顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇不同配比对雄蛾表现出不同的引诱活性,最大引诱率达87%,极显著高于对照溶剂石蜡油对雄蛾的引诱率。表明顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇为中国粘虫种群的雌蛾性信息素特征成分,且其不同配比对雄蛾有不同的引诱活性。     

Efficacy of carbofuran and phorate at different intervals of application for control of rice tungro

Abstract

The relationship between the catch of male Spodoptera litura (F.) moths in sex pheromone‐baited traps and the number of egg‐masses in groundnut crop at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi‐Arid Tropics Centre Patancheru, India was examined during the post‐rainy season of 1983. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of egg‐masses and the total number of male moths caught during the 7 days preceding the egg‐mass count. 75% of the variance in the egg‐mass counts and pheromone trap catches could be accounted for by the regression.     

黄野螟性信息素分泌腺形态及超微结构

为深入了解黄野螟Heortia vitessoides性信息素生物合成及释放机制,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺形态和超微结构进行观察。结果表明,黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺为一个完整的环状上皮结构,位于腹部末端第8腹节和第9腹节之间的节间膜上。黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺表面分布着3类8种感器,即I～IV型毛形感器、I和II型刺形感器及I和II型锥形感器。分泌腺细胞单层密集排列在角质层内表面,细胞呈柱状或圆形,表皮层分为上表皮和内表皮,细胞中还有发达的肌肉层、脂滴以及线粒体等结构组织。     

(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol increase male attraction to sex pheromone trap in Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The effects of host-plant volatiles (HPVs) on male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and response to sex pheromone trap were studied in a pear orchard. Two HPVs compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol, combined with sex pheromone of G. molesta in traps were tested. The results showed that most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with these two HPVs compounds than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing 1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molestato pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or 1-undecanol.     

Pheromone Research and Development in Israel 1975–2015

The review describes the history of pheromone research in Israel in 1975–2015. The research focused on sex pheromones of moths that were important agricultural pests. Identification, synthesis and field application of sex pheromones was performed. Synthetic procedures of several known sex pheromones were developed. Monitoring and control of key pest moths was evaluated. The interactions of pheromone components of closely related species were studied in field and laboratory experiments. The sex pheromones of three scale insects, two mealybug species and Matsucoccus josephi were studied. New syntheses were developed and the pheromones were implemented in pest management. Structure activity relationship of the pheromonal and kairomonal of the M. josephi pheromone was investigated. Different pherotypes of P. ficus were identified and evaluated. The aggregation pheromone of sap beetles in combination with food baits was evaluated. The aggregation pheromone of the almond bark beetle was identified and a stereospecific synthesis of its enantiomers was developed. Monitoring the pest in stone fruit orchards was implemented. The activity of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) was studied in Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis peltigera. The ligation technique was used to assess the effect of PBAN on the production of female and male pheromones. A structure-activity relationship study of PBAN indicated that shorter peptides display activity as the full length PBAN. A series of linear and cyclic peptide analogs was prepared, resulting in the discovery of a lead antagonist. The research and development activity facilitated the intensive integration of pheromones in the pest management regimes in Israeli agriculture.     

Fourth Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists,Legon, December 1974

Abstract

Hollow‐fibre, laminate‐flake and microencapsulated formulations of the synthetic sex pheromone (Z,Z) and (Z,E)‐7–11‐hexadecadienyl acetate of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were applied aerially in large scale trials in the Delta region of Egypt in 1985. 100 ha blocks of cotton were treated at regular intervals throughout the season as the only means of controlling the pest and compared with a 100 ha block of cotton sited in the same locality which was treated aerially with conventional insecticide spray applications. Comparisons of numbers of infested bolls, open boll counts and yields of seed cotton showed that adequate levels of control were achieved with all three pheromone formulations which were at least as effective as the insecticide sprays. The costs of the pheromone formulations and their aerial application also compared favourably with the insecticide programme. Greater numbers of beneficial insects were recorded in the pheromone‐treated areas than in the insecticide treated area.     

梨小食心虫性信息素微囊化及释放特性

以乙基纤维素为囊壳,采用相分离法制备了梨小食心虫性信息素微囊粒剂;同时研究了乳化剂、控释剂、搅拌速度、有机相中溶剂加入量及水相中聚乙烯醇浓度、有机相滴加速度等因素对该微囊粒剂的平均粒径及包覆率的影响,并进行了室内释放分析。结果表明,使用乳化剂700＃较为理想;以油酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或正十二烷为控释剂,均能制得包覆率较高的微囊粒剂;搅拌速度、有机相中溶剂加入量及水相中聚乙烯醇浓度、有机相滴加速度对微囊粒剂的平均粒径及包覆率的影响较明显。控制释放研究结果表明,在室内较稳定的条件下,能持续释放110 d以上。     

茶尺蠖性信息素的田间使用技术及防治效果

为明确茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua性信息素的田间使用技术,在田间设置茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器的5、10和20 m挂放密度处理区及其对照区,并对不同处理区和对照区中诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫和幼虫数量以及同一挂放密度下距性信息素诱捕器不同距离的茶尺蠖幼虫数量进行调查,确定性信息素诱捕器的最佳挂放间距;在此基础上确定性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖的田间防治效果,并利用性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖成虫的田间动态进行监测。结果表明:在任何一个挂放密度下,处理区诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫数量均显著高于对照区诱捕器,但在不同挂放密度的小区之间单个诱捕器诱集的成虫数量差异不显著;当茶尺蠖幼虫重度发生(1 361.57头/m~2)时,10 m间隔挂放1套性信息素诱捕器可显著降低茶尺蠖幼虫的发生数量;当茶尺蠖幼虫轻度发生(38.40头/m~2)时,间距为20 m挂放一套性信息素诱捕器时,茶尺蠖的校正防治效果可达88.44%;茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器在6月上旬、8月上旬、8月下旬至9月初、9月下旬分别有一个明显的诱捕高峰期,与田间茶尺蠖的发生高峰期基本一致。表明茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器可作为大量诱捕和虫情监测的手段在茶园中应用。