甘肃省河西高海拔地区啤酒大麦新品种(系)适应性研究

通过2004至2005年甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种(系)多点试验结果表明,甘啤5号在河西高海拔地区产量及丰产性虽较甘啤3号、甘啤4号两个品种低,但籽粒成熟度好,蛋白质含量较低,筛选率高,特别是休眠期缩短,水敏性降低,发芽率明显高于其它品种.说明该品种是适于河西沿山高海拔地区种植的新的早熟啤酒大麦品种,     

啤酒大麦新品种在甘肃省中部地区的适应性研究

通过2004至2005年甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种多点试验结果表明,甘啤5号在甘肃中部地区丰产性、稳产性、适应性、抗逆性及农艺性状均优于当地小麦品种,而在三个啤酒大麦品种中,甘啤5号又明显优于甘啤3号和甘啤4号.其生育期114 d,属早熟品种,株高70 cm左右,穗长9.4 cm;穗粒数24.4粒左右,千粒重47.3 g,较抗倒伏,抗大麦条纹病和其它病害,可在甘肃省中南部旱作生态区大力推广.     

不同大麦品种(系)在豫南地区的性状表现研究

通过对驻99024、驻20057-9、驻大麦7号、驻大麦3号、驻大麦5号、驻3-257及驻大麦4号等7个大麦品种(系)在豫南地区的性状表现研究,综合分析表明:参试品种(系)中,两个多棱饲料大麦驻大麦4号及驻3-257和二棱啤酒大麦品种驻大麦3号、驻大麦5号、驻大麦7号及驻20057-9这六个品种(系),适应性强,丰产性好,均可在豫南地区栽培种植,其中以驻大麦4号及驻大麦3号抗性最好,而驻99024适应性抗逆性稍差。     

山东省啤酒大麦科研工作25年的回顾

回顾了山东省啤酒大麦科研工作从引种试验、春性啤酒大麦品种选育及栽培技术研究 ,到冬性啤麦品种选育及开发利用的 2 5年历程。 2 5年来山东省先后选育 (引 )出早熟 3号、鲁啤大麦 1号、山农 4号、黔鲁 1号等四个省级审定的优质高产啤酒大麦品种和一批优良的啤酒大麦新品种(系 ) ;研究总结出良种良法配套栽培技术。通过采取“科、工、农”横向联合 ,“育、试、繁、推”一体化 ,“产、供、销”一条龙等措施 ,加速了啤麦新品种的选育与开发利用进程 ,取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

山东省啤酒大麦科研工作25年的回顾

回顾了山东省啤酒大麦科研工作从引种试验、春性啤酒大麦品种选育及栽培技术研究，到冬性啤麦品种选育及开发利用的25年历程。25年来山东省先后选育(引)出早熟3号、鲁啤大麦1号、山农4号、黔鲁1号等四个省级审定的优质高产啤酒大麦品种和一批优良的啤酒大麦新品种(系)；研究总结出良种良法配套栽培技术。通过采取“科、工、农”横向联合，“育、试、繁、推”一体化，“产、供、销”一条龙等措施，加速了啤麦新品种的选育与开发利用进程，取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

优质高产啤酒大麦新品种—甘啤6号

1 品种来源 啤酒大麦新品种甘啤6号(原系号9404)由甘肃省农科院啤酒原料研究所以883-50-2为母本、吉53为父本杂交选育而成,2009年通过甘肃省科技厅鉴定,认为该成果达国内领先水平,同年在甘肃省进行大面积示范推广.正在申请中华人民共和国植物新品种保护(申请号:CNA20090822.3).     

小麦抗病高产新品种——中植7号

中植7号是中国农业科学院植物保护研究所与甘肃农业科学院植物保护研究所合作通过系谱法选育而成的冬小麦抗病高产新品种。系谱为温麦8号//遗选/中植1号。温麦8号和遗选具有较好的丰产性和抗病性,中植1号为甘肃陇南生产品种,具有良好的生态适应性。2004年5月上旬通过常规杂交配制杂交组合;2006-2013年,在中国农业科学院植物保护研究所廊坊试验站和甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所甘谷试验站进行多代系统选择,其中系谱号为CP06-73-2-2-1-1的高代品系群体整齐稳定,丰产性好,抗病性强而被提升参加新品系抗性鉴定和产比试验。2013-2014年度参加甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所甘谷试验站产量比较试验,2014-2016年度参加甘肃省陇南片川区组冬小麦区域试验,2016-2017年度参加甘肃省陇南片川区组生产试验、示范。于2018年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会新品种审定,审定编号为甘审麦20180015。     

早熟棉花新品种金垦108号

早熟陆地棉品种金垦108号(原代号金垦108-107)是新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所于2003年用本单位优系562为母本,引进K22系选早熟优系为父本有性杂交,经过多次南繁加代,在枯黄萎病天然重病地鉴定、定向培育而成的早熟陆地棉品种2009-2010年参加本单位品系比较试验及多点试验,产量、品质、抗逆性均表现突出.2011-2012年参加甘肃省棉花新品种(系)区域试验,2012年参加甘肃省棉花新品种生产试验.2013年1月通过甘肃省棉花品种审定委员会审定,并命名为金垦108号(甘审棉2013004).     

试用灰色关联度分析评价甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种区域试验

采用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法 ,对 1999～ 2 0 0 1年度甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种 (系 )联合区域试验 12个参试品种 3年 16点次进行多性状的综合评价。分析结果表明 :综合性状甘啤 4号最好 (r =0 8797)、8814 - 2 0 - 2 - 1次之 (r =0 816 2 )、8812 - 2 0 - 1- 1(r =0 796 0 )、98- 0 0 1(r =0 7832 )垦啤 2号 (r =0 76 85 ) ,前述 5个品种均优于法瓦维特 (r =0 7393)。综合评价结果与品种 (系 )在区域试验和两年来生产实际中的表现基本一致。其结果为新品种的选育、审定、大面积推广提供了科学依据。     

大麦新品种“浙原89-5”的特征特性与栽培技术

浙原 8 9- 5系浙江省农科院原子能所应用辐射育种选育而成的大麦新品种。 1993年引入我地试种。经多年品试及大面积试种 ,该品种表现为大穗、大粒、丰产、抗倒 ,大面积每公顷产量超 45 0 0ｋｇ。推广过程中 ,深受农户的欢迎 ,种植面积迅速扩大。 1997年推广面积达到 5万余亩 ,已成为我县大麦主栽品种 ,有力地促进了我县大麦生产的发展。1　试验示范表现经多年品比和示范试种 ,浙原 89- 5表现高产稳产 ,增产潜力大。根据各地 15个试点资料平均 ,浙原 89- 5单产 (公顷产量 ,下同 )达 46 2 7ｋｇ ,比对照品种 (分别为农大 3号、农大 6号和秀 87…     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.