马铃薯微型薯田间繁殖的研究

以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料，研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１－５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明，生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟；生长势，株高，茎粗，主式分枝数，单株叶面积，根系数，匍茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长指标，ＰＶＸ，ＰＶＹ，ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数，干腐病和软腐病发病率，晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同；     

山区马铃薯脱毒种薯繁殖技术

<正>1 前 言 位于陕西南部的汉中市,属亚热带向暖温带过渡地带,最高海拔3071m,最低海拔371.2m,川、丘、山层次较为明显,而马铃薯种植则以丘陵和浅山为主,并为当地夏粮主栽作物。长期以来,由于X和Y病毒及其它病毒的侵入与累积,使生产用种种性退化,加之作业较为粗放,病虫严重,广种薄收,导致单产低,效益差。为促进山区粮食     

马铃薯微型薯田间繁殖的研究

以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料,研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１～５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明,生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟;生长势、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、单株叶面积、根系数、匍匐茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长发育指标,ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ、ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数,干腐病和软腐病发病率,晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同;未发现环腐病和黑经病。单薯重量平均４５．１ｇ,随田间种植代数增加而增大;单株结薯数、单位面积结薯数逐代减小,脱毒田间１～４代单株产量和单位面积产量逐代增加,繁殖效率与脱毒小薯相同,故离体诱导微型薯田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒种薯是经济有效且切实可行的。     

改进生产马铃薯种薯技术的研究

我国于１９７５年已利用马铃薯茎尖组织培养获得无病种薯。相继在马铃薯主要产区的许多省份内均取得显著的增产就地留种的效应，但获得的无病毒种薯并不是一劳永逸的。因此必须采用综合措施防止无病毒种薯再侵染病毒和其它病原，例如，应用蚜虫飞迁资料控制传播病毒以及将微型薯和小薯种植在防虫温室和防虫网棚内，在种薯检验过程中应利用酶联免疫和往返凝胶电泳跟踪检测，以便在防虫网棚群内采取局部控制，对脱毒小薯进行无性繁系选     

内蒙古乌盟马铃薯无病毒种薯生产和良种繁育体系建设经验

<正> 马铃薯是乌盟大宗的优势作物,每年播种面积均在200万亩左右。由于它抗旱高产,地区适应性强,无论丰年欠年,都有较好收成,在全盟粮食生产中占有很大比重(一般     

马铃薯标准化种薯繁殖技术数学模型

通过试验,建立了以密度、施肥量和苗数/穴为自变量,产量、小薯数量比和小薯重量比为指标的最优回归设计。利用回归模型求出了在本试验条件下的最佳密度水平、最佳施肥量和最佳苗数/穴。试验表明:密度8098～9332穴/667m2、施肥量40 8～45 4kg/667m2、1 7～2 1苗/穴为合理的农艺措施,可取得较高的目标产量。     

改进生产马铃薯种薯技术的研究

我国于１９７５年已利用马铃薯茎尖组织培养获得无病种薯．相继在马铃薯主要产区的许多省份内均取得显著的增产就地留种的效应．但获得的无病毒种薯并不是一劳永逸的，因此必须采用综合措施防止无病毒种薯再侵染病毒和其它病原。例如，应用蚜虫飞迁资料控制传播病毒以及将微型薯和小薯种植在防虫温室和防虫网棚内．在种薯检验过程中应利用酶联免疫和往返凝胶电泳跟踪检测，以便在防虫网棚群内采取局部控制，对脱毒小薯进行无性繁系选择．     

马铃薯脱毒原原种微型化生产和微型薯应用

马铃薯脱毒原原种微型化生产的技术关键在于控制植株个体生长;而其首要条件是种苗基础和营养水平.利用普通日光温室,在瓶苗假植或使用已有的微型薯育苗的基础上,采取砂床剪枝扦插和高密度少肥栽培生产微型薯,比移栽瓶苗或直播微型薯的办法更好.即在剪枝扦插后40天收获,平均获得单薯重1～5克的微型薯个数占总数的(76.0～91.6%,最高达100%.单薯重1克以上的4个规格1～3克、大于3克、大于5克、大于10克)微型薯直播亩产达1806～2194公斤,接近或超过大薯切块直播(1962公斤/亩),但4个规格微型薯的含量不呈规律性差异.单薯重小于1克的微型薯育苗移栽亩产达2299公斤,略高于大规格微型薯直播产量.但考虑其利用价值,将单薯重小于1克的微型薯作为脱毒原原种微型化生产的基础种苗使用更合适.     

马铃薯新品种模糊综合评判及模糊相似选择

采用模糊数学方法，对甘肃省马铃薯新品种和优良新品系进行综合评判。结果表明，８５—６—１４、陇薯２号、天薯６号达到优良评判标准。对新品系８５－６－１４、１７８－２６８进行模糊相似选择分析。结果表明，８５－６－１４与天薯６号最相似，１７８－２６８与陇薯２号最相似，因此可分别采用天薯６号和陇薯２号相应的农艺栽培措施管理８５—６—１４和１７８—２６８，此法可省去复杂的生产试验示范。     

脱毒小薯原原种粒级、密度、品种熟性对一级原种繁殖的影响

采用马铃薯脱毒小薯不同粒级、不同密度、不同品种熟性三因子三水平正交试验，研究了原原种对一级原种的产量、单株平均结薯数及＜２５ｇ小薯所占比率的影响。结果表明：当早熟、结薯少、薯块均匀的品种原原种播种密度在１．２万株／亩以上，晚熟和中晚熟、结薯较多薯块不均匀的品种在１．０～１．２万株／亩之间，且播种粒级大于０．５ｇ／粒时，一级原种繁殖方可收到既高产又具较高的繁殖系数和较低用种量的效果。     

赤霉素打破种薯休眠对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

实验结果表明:用50mg/L赤霉素浸泡小整薯1h不但可以有效的打破休眠,同时还可以增加有效茎数,提高单株叶面积,从而使单株结薯数和产量增加。     

WILD WHITE CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION

Field experiments on the management of ryegrass/white-clover pastures for seed production were carried out from 1958 to 1961. Replicated trials with ¹/₆-acre plots compared continuous grazing, rotational grazing and cutting once at the silage stage of growth as methods of pasture management from April to June. An additional mechanical method, gang mowing, was introduced in 1960 and Hayter mowing was used in 1961. In 1958 to 1960 the treatments were studied with and without the application of 70 lb nitrogen per acre. Clover flower heads per square foot, clover seed and ryegrass seed yields were greatest under continuous grazing, although in some years comparable results were obtained from the mechanical defoliation treatments. There were substantial differences between potential and harvested clover seed yields, the latter ranging from 20% to 75% of the potential yield. The weight of ryegrass seed harvested was highest under continuous grazing and least under the cutting treatments. The nitrogenous fertilizer increased the production of herbage dry matter and of ryegrass seed, but greatly reduced clover seed yields. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of weather on the incidence of flowering and the influence of methods of defoliation on flower-bud emergence. It is concluded that mechanical methods of defoliation can produce yields similar to those obtained under continuous grazing, provided that cutting is carried out at the correct stage of growth.     

WILD WHITE CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION

A survey, covering some 140 fields, totalling 1540 acres, in Kent was conducted in 1961 on the effect of different methods of management on yields of perennial ryegrass and white clover seed. The main results were: (a) the majority of seed growers harvested seed from short-term leys and only a limited acreage of permanent pasture was used for producing seed. Yields of both ryegrass and clover seed were considerably higher on the younger leys; (b) the highest seed yields in 1961 were obtained from fields where sheep grazing was stopped on 24 May. However, a large number of growers continued sheep grazing well after this date: (c) mechanical defoliation, especially when used to supplement sheep grazing, proved an effective method for producing high yields of clover seed; (d) honey bees are important in increasing seed yields, particularly on recently sown leys; (e) combine harvesting from the swath was the most common method of harvesting and no instance of the use of tripods was reported. Seed yields from baling methods were generally low, but direct combining produced a high average yield of clover seed. From these results it was concluded that there was much scope for raising the general level of clover seed yields, especially by giving greater attention to details of management.     

马铃薯实生种子活力的研究

本试验以贮藏不同年限的马铃薯实生种子为材料,对其活力和反映活力状况的若干生态和生理生化指标进行了研究,从种子活力的角度测定了种子的实用价值。主要结果是:马铃薯实生种子随着贮藏年限的延长,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数渐趋降低,幼苗生长速度减慢;砂培出苗率和出苗整齐度比普通发芽试验的发芽率和发芽势更能确切地反映种子的活力;随着种子活力的下降,其内部的脂肪酸价升高,种子浸出液的相对电导率增大;活力高的实生种子,其过氧化物酶同工酶酶带较活力低的实生种子数量多,颜色深,酯酶同工酶亦有相似的结果;同薯8号和克疫两品种的实生种子活力下降的速度不同,前者慢、后者快;马铃薯实生种子在一般室内温湿度贮藏条件下,经8年或更长时间贮藏后,仍具有种用价值,可作播种材料;马铃薯实生种子活力的测定,采用活力指数或发芽指数较其它生态指标更具有适用性和可靠性。脂肪酸价和相对电导率作为活力测定的生理生化指标对劣变速度快的实生种子是灵敏而适用的。     

芝麻雄性核不育两系制种效果的研究

利用选育成的芝麻雄性核不育系及相应恢复系，研究以现蕾至始花期花药特征为标记获得全不育的芝麻两系法制种效果。试验结果表明，雄性不育系不育度达到９９．０％．制种田不育株自然异交结实率可达９９．５％以上。制种亩产量常２１．３—４２．５公斤，不育系繁殖亩产量２０．２５公斤，繁殖田、制种田与生产田面积比为１：１００：１００００。