兔病毒性出血症灭活疫苗效力检验替代方法研究

为了采用血凝抑制(HI)试验方法替代兔病毒性出血症灭活疫苗效力检验的免疫攻毒方法,试验在制备了HI试验用兔出血症病毒血凝(HA)抗原、阳性血清、阴性血清的基础上,研究了免疫攻毒保护与免疫血清HI效价之间的平行关系,并进行了替代方法的应用。结果表明,当免疫血清HI效价不低于1∶32时,两种方法的检验结果符合率为100%,证明了该替代方法的可行性,也为下一步修订兔病毒性出血症灭活疫苗效力检验方法提供了数据支持。     

新购试验豚鼠猪细小病毒抗体的检测

本实验室长期从事猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)的研究,最近向某实验动物中心购买6只豚鼠准备用于PPV相关试验.在试验之前我们用血凝抑制(hemagglutination inhibition,HI)试验检测这些豚鼠的PPV抗体.经检测发现这6只豚鼠的PPV抗体全部阳性,现将检测情况报告如下.     

猪细小病毒病血凝抑制试验的研究

高岭土处理被检血清,4单位抗原及0.6％豚鼠红细胞做血凝抑制(HI)试验诊断猪细小病毒病是比较适宜的条件。用此法对七种猪传染病抗血清进行检查,均不产生非特异性血清学反应。用滤纸吸附被检猪血液(简称血纸)与分离血清做HI比较试验,两者的HI价无大差异。与日本PPV毒株90HS抗原进行比较,两者的HI价一致。     

基于重组NS1蛋白猪细小病毒野毒抗体间接ELISA诊断方法的建立与应用

本研究以原核表达的重组NS1蛋白作为诊断抗原,建立了检测猪细小病毒(PPV)野毒抗体的NS1-ELISA诊断方法。该方法检测猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪流行性腹泻病毒5种常见猪病病毒的阳性血清均为阴性;检测灵敏度为1:12800;批内、批间重复性试验的变异系数分别小于5%和10%;与血凝抑制试验(HI)符合率为100%。本研究建立的PPV NS1-ELISA检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,为PPV的野毒抗体检测及PPV流行病学调查等快速诊断提供了一种技术手段。     

马动脉炎病毒血凝抑制试验研究及其应用

用马动脉炎病毒（EAV）免疫SPF豚鼠，4周后采血做血凝抑制试验（HI），其抗血清可以抑制血凝抗原对小鼠红细胞的凝集反应，抗原和抗血清在4℃感作24h后可以检测到最高的HI抗体效价，同时结果显示HI抗体与中和抗体产物呈正相关。对561份来自新西兰、吉尔吉斯、沙特阿拉伯及内蒙古、新疆的马血清用HI试验和微量血清中和试验（NT）进行EAV抗体检测，HI和NT阳性符合率为94．7％，血凝抑制抗体与中和抗体效价呈显著的正相关。     

鸡新城疫血凝抑制试验用阳性血清国家级标准品的研究与开发

目的 鸡新城疫血凝抑制试验用阳性血清国家级标准品的制备.方法 实验动物全部为12周龄公鸡,20只,HI试验确定20只鸡为阴性,以鸡新城疫La Sota株病毒和灭活疫苗进行免疫.将样品进行筛选,并检验其标准品的物理性状、无菌检验、特异性、均匀性、效价评定等.结果20只SPF鸡经HI实验检测后均为新城疫阴性,未见不良反应,血清中新城疫HI抗体效价随着免疫次数增加都呈递增的趋势,三次免疫后效价均达到14log2以上,1:300倍稀释的阳性血清与NIBSC国际标准品的HI效价一致,所以将混合均匀的候选物以鸡阴性血清稀释300倍用于制备国家标准品.结论 不同实验室进行鸡新城疫红细胞凝集抑制试验获得的结果可以以一种有效的方式进行比较.     

犬细小病毒血凝抑制抗体效价胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

试验旨在利用胶体金免疫层析技术建立快速检测犬血清中犬细小病毒（canine parvo virus, CPV）血凝抑制（haemagglutination inhibition, HI）抗体效价的方法,用于CPV疫苗免疫效果评价。采用双抗体夹心法,以抗CPV血凝相关抗原的单克隆抗体制备CPV抗原检测试纸条;将犬血清进行不同比例系列稀释后,分别与定量CPV抗原充分反应,滴入CPV胶体金试纸条,根据试纸条检测线（test line,T线）消失时的血清最高稀释倍数判断血清中CPV抗体的HI效价;用此方法检测86份犬血清样品,并与传统血凝抑制试验方法进行分析比较。结果显示,成功制备CPV抗原检测试纸条,确定了试纸条检测犬血清CPV-HI效价的反应条件和结果判定标准。结果表明,在检测不同稀释倍数犬血清反应后的CPV抗原时,能使试纸条T线消失时的血清最高稀释倍数与HI效价具有正相关性,犬血清最高稀释倍数乘以4即为HI效价;两种方法的符合率达90.7%。本试验初步建立了胶体金试纸条检测CPV血凝抑制效价的方法,为检测CPV-HI效价提供了一种操作简单、快速的试验方法,可用于CPV疫苗免疫效果评价。     

猪细小病毒的血清学调查

本文采用微量血凝抑制试验(HI)对某地区18个新建种猪场的148头初产母猪进行细小病毒的血清学检测,共检出阳性血清90份(血凝抑制价≥1:10),占60.8％;阴性血清58份,占39.2％。     

鸡传染性支气管炎微量血凝抑制试验方法的研究

用胰酶处理鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)制成血凝(HA)抗原,HA＝1:16384,用此抗原建立了微量血凝抑制试验(HI)方法检测IBV阳性血清。IBV阳性血清鸡胚病毒中和试验(NT)结果与HI效价呈正相关,相关系数r＝0.29,HI效价达1:8以上可保护鸡胚抵抗200个MLD的IBV攻击,表明HI抗体是保护性抗体,该方法具有较大的实用价值。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株和Conn株的血清交叉血凝抑制试验

本试验用系统血凝抑制(HI)交叉试验,对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株和Conn株进行抗体区分。结果表明,M41株和Conn株标准抗原与M41阳性血清HI抗体效价在免疫后21 d分别为8 log2、5 log2,相差3 log2;免疫后28 d分别为8 log2、5 log2,相差3 log2;免疫后35 d分别为8 log2、5 log2,相差3 log2。M41株和Conn株标准抗原与Conn阳性血清HI抗体效价在免疫后21 d分别为4 log2、8 log2,相差4;免疫后28 d分别为4 log2、8 log2,相差4 log2;免疫后35 d分别为4 log2、9 log2,相差5 log2。因此,用血清HI交叉试验能够将抗M41株和Conn株抗体区分开来。     

Establishment and Application of Colloidal Gold Immune Chromatography Test Method for Detection of Canine Parvovirus Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titer

The study was aimed to use colloidal gold immune chromatography technology to establish a rapid method for detection of canine serum canine parvovirus (CPV) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer and CPV vaccine immunization effect assessment.Double antibody sandwich method and monoclonal antibodies of anti-CPV hemagglutination antigen were used to prepare CPV antigen test strip.Canine serum with different proportion respectively was mixed with quantitative CPV antigen for full reaction,then dropped the mixture into the CPV colloidal gold test strip,so according to the highest serum dilution ratios when the test strip line T (line T) vanishes,it was to judge CPV antibodies in serum of the HI titer.This method had been used to detect 86 canine serum samples,at the same time,analyzing and comparing it with traditional hemagglutination inhibition test method.The results showed that the CPV antigen detection test strip was successfully prepared,and the reaction conditions and results of the test strip for detecting the titer of CPV-HI in canine serum were determined.The results indicated that when detecting CPV antigen after the dilution of different ratios of canine serum,the highest serum dilution ratios when the strip line T vanished and the HI titer had positive correlation.The highest dilution ratios of canine serum multiplied by 4 was the HI titer.The results of two methods had 90.7% consistency.This experiment established the colloidal gold immune chromatography test strip for the detection of CPV-HI titers method initially.This CPV-HI detection provided a simple and fast test method for the effect evaluation of CPV vaccine immune.     

Antibody responses of guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs to inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccines

Antibody responses were compared in guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs following vaccination with inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccines. Mean PPV hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of 52, 56 and 36 at 1 week after first vaccination and 896, 640 and 512 at 2 weeks after second vaccination were detected in guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs, respectively. PPV vaccines prepared with greater concentrations of virus, as determined by hemagglutination (HA) units, and of aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, induced higher HI antibody titers in guinea-pigs. Optimal concentrations for inducing consistently high antibody titers consisted of vaccine virus with a HA titer of 256/0.1 ml and gel adjuvant at a final concentration of 50%. A second vaccination at 4 weeks compared to 2 or 3 weeks after first vaccination resulted in higher mean HI titers. These data provide preliminary information on the use of guinea-pigs or rabbits as laboratory animal models for testing the potency of PPV vaccines.     

禽流感病毒H5亚型血凝抑制试验抗原国家参考品的研制

按照国家一级标准物质要求和禽流感病毒（H5亚型）血凝抑制试验抗原制造及检验规程规定的抗原制备方法,研制了一批禽流感病毒（H5亚型）血凝抑制抗原国家参考品,用于检测禽流感病毒（H5亚型）制品生物效价和血凝抑制操作过程中的校验。该批抗原经过8家单位对其协作标定后对结果进行统计学分析,确定该批禽流感抗原的血凝效价为1：80。另对所研制的禽流感抗原均一性、稳定性、无菌检验、剩余水分测定、真空度测定等各项指标进行检测,结果均符合禽流感病毒（H5亚型）血凝抑制试验抗原制造及检验规程和国家一级标准物质要求。说明该禽流感病毒（H5亚型）血凝抑制抗原可以作为国家参考品。     

二乙烯亚胺对猪细小病毒的灭活作用

使用新型灭活剂二乙烯亚胺(binary ethylenimine,BEI)对猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)进行了灭活试验,通过ST传代细胞接种法观察病毒灭活后是否出现细胞病变,并结合血凝试验检测灭活效果,确定最佳灭活方法。用3～5日龄乳鼠检测BEI灭活后的病毒培养物和相应制备疫苗的安全性,并用豚鼠检测该灭活工艺制备疫苗的效果,与传统甲醛灭活进行了比较。结果显示,终浓度为1‰的BEI在32℃情况下经20 h即可彻底灭活PPV病毒;BEI灭活的病毒制备的疫苗免疫豚鼠较甲醛灭活病毒产生较高的血凝抑制抗体。     

Potentiating effect of adjuvants on humoral immunity to porcine parvovirus vaccines in guinea pigs

Fourteen different adjuvants, given either in single or combined form with another compound were compared in guinea pigs for their ability to potentiate humoral immunity to porcine parvovirus (PPV) antigen after 2 vaccinations. Two injections were given, the second 3 weeks following the initial vaccination. Antibody concentrations to PPV in sera from injected animals were measured over a 5-week period by the hemagglutination inhibition test. At the conclusion of the experiment, guinea pigs injected with the following adjuvants and PPV antigen: CP-20 961 (Avridin), 50% aluminum hydroxide gel, ethylene maleic anhydride (EMA), oil and water emulsion (O/W) and dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDA) immunologically responded with high geometric mean HI titers (380, 224 and 427, 602, 512, 1202 respectively), whereas guinea pigs receiving Emulsan, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), L-121, combinations of Emulsan/aluminum hydroxide, SDS/aluminum hydroxide and B. pertussis/aluminum hydroxide responded with low mean titers (54, 64, 18, 27, 11, 64, 14, 20 respectively). Guinea pigs injected with antigen without adjuvant responded weakly with geometric mean titers of 3.3 and 16 for the 2 groups tested. Prior to booster injection, guinea pigs immunized with 13 of the preparations had low (less than 4) or undetectable antibody titers. Antibody titers from guinea pigs receiving DDA adjuvant continued to rise throughout the duration of the experiment and at the conclusion had the highest mean titers of the groups tested (1202). The 2 groups immunized with 50% aluminum hydroxide gel had high mean titers (224, 427), but in both instances there was a wide range of titers within a group evidenced by high standard deviations. In contrast, guinea pigs receiving either DDA, CP-20 961, O/W or EMA had antibody titers within a narrow range and small standard deviation. The significance of aluminum hydroxide gel concentration on immunogenicity is discussed.     

Vaccination of swine with an inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in the presence of passive immunity

A study was conducted to determine whether low hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) titers (1:5) for porcine parvovirus (PPV) block the development of immune response to a PPV vaccine. Pigs with low (1:5), medium (1:10 or 1:20), or high (1:40 or 1:80) titers were obtained by IV injections with various amounts of PPV immune serum. Pigs were inoculated with 1 or 2 doses of vaccine and were monitored for serum HI antibodies to PPV. Pigs with low titers responded to vaccine just as well as did the seronegative pigs. The HI titers of pigs with medium titers did not increase after first vaccination. After the second vaccination, however, their titers increased and were similar to those of pigs with low titers. High titers blocked the response to vaccination. The pigs that received 2 doses of vaccine had higher titers than did those of pigs that received 1 dose of vaccine. The results indicated that low titers, which would be expected in gilts at the time of vaccination, do not interfere with immunization by the inactivated PPV vaccine, and that 2 doses of vaccine may provide better and longer lasting immune response to inactivated PPV vaccine and probably longer lasting immunity against PPV-induced reproductive failure.     

Comparison of a commercial H1N1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition test in detecting serum antibody against swine influenza viruses.

Recently a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for detecting antibody against H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) has been made available to diagnosticians and veterinary practitioners. Because the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test has been considered the standard test for SIV serology, diagnostic performance of the new ELISA was evaluated using positive (n = 60) and negative (n = 188) serum samples from young pigs with known status of SIV infection and compared with that of the HI test. Both ELISA and HI test identified all negative animals correctly. None of the serum samples (n = 64) from pigs inoculated with H3N2 SIV was positive by ELISA for SIV antibody. The H1N1 SIV antibody detectable by ELISA appears to develop more slowly in comparison with antibody detectable by HI test. Although antibody was detected by HI test in all inoculated animals (n = 20) by day 7 postinoculation (PI), antibody was detected by ELISA in 0%, 75%, and 100% of the inoculated animals on days 7, 14, and 28 PI, respectively. Discrepancy in test results between the 2 serologic tests appeared to be because of differences in antibody isotypes detected by each test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay mainly detected IgG antibody, whereas the HI test detects IgM antibody very efficiently as well as IgG antibody. Collectively, the commercial ELISA is highly specific for antibody to H1N1 SIV but may not identify positive animals at the early stage of infection as effectively as the HI test, particularly when SIV is introduced to a na?ve swine population.     

鸡减蛋综合征灭活抗原不同保存方式的分析比较

为比较不同保存方式对鸡减蛋综合征灭活抗原的影响,采用禽腺病毒京911株(CVCC AV70)经尿囊腔接种易感鸭胚,收获感染鸭胚液,经β-丙内酯灭活后,对该抗原的保存条件及其稳定性等方面进行优化。冻干抗原与未冻干抗原在相同温度下,冻干抗原HA效价下降较慢。冻干抗原在2~8℃和-15℃以下保存,HA效价没有明显差异。因此,生产的鸡减蛋综合征灭活抗原要在冻干后保存在2~8℃最佳。保存条件的优化不仅可以减少经济损失,而且还有助于更好的控制禽腺病毒疫情的暴发。