Report on Salmonella isolates submitted to the German National Reference Laboratory for running analyses and tests on zoonoses (Salmonella) in the year 2009

The present report deals with Salmonella strains received at the German National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NRL-Salm) for routine diagnostic in the year 2009. Hence, the working group continues the previous report from Friedrich et al. (2010) about the documentation on the serovar distribution of Salmonella received at the NRL-Salm in the years 2004-2008. As in the recent years, most of the Salmonella strains originated from livestock and food. In the year 2009 the NRL-Salm received 4765 isolates, most of them (85,1 %) were routine diagnostic. Salmonella ser. Typhimurium, its monophasic variant S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella ser. Enteritidis were the most prevalent serovars. The number of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates increased in 2009, in comparison to the years 2004-2008, and became the second most prevalent serovar serotyped at the NRL-Salm.     

Observational study on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from Ontario calf samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory from 2007 to 2020

The objectives of this study were to i) describe Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates; ii) investigate the temporal trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles; and iii) evaluate the impact of season and age on these AMR profiles from diagnostic and post-mortem samples in Ontario calves ≤ 2-months-old submitted from 2007 to 2020 to the Animal Health Laboratory in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were measured by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 1291 isolates with AMR profiles were obtained from calves, with E. coli (n = 434) and Salmonella (n = 378) being the most common bacteria characterized for AMR. For E. coli, 79% of isolates tested showed a positive result in F5/K99, whereas for Salmonella isolates, S. Typhimurium (33%) and S. Dublin (22%) were the 2 most common serotypes identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to evaluate AMR profiles for E. coli (n = 414) and Salmonella (n = 357) to each antimicrobial tested. Most E. coli isolates (91%) and Salmonella isolates (97%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. In general, E. coli and Salmonella had higher odds of resistance in calves aged ≥ 2 wk compared to 1-week-old calves, and little difference was seen in the level of resistance over the years observed or between seasons in most of the antimicrobials tested. Prospective research should investigate potential risk factors for the development of AMR in calves examples being antimicrobial use and farm management practices.     

兽药标准物质中钠含量的定值研究

为了测定兽药标准物质中钠离子的含量,建立了离子色谱法实现高效测定。采用Dionex IonPac CS12A（4mm×250mm）阳离子交换色谱柱,以23 mmol/L甲烷磺酸溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱,抑制电导检测器检测。本方法在0.1~50 μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r2=0.9999）,安乃近原料、青霉素对照品在3个水平的加标回收率在98.7%~103.3%之间,检测限为0.02 μg/mL。对安乃近原料、青霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、磺胺氯达嗪钠、莫能菌素等对照品测定其中钠离子的含量,并与理论值进行比较,结果一致。本方法操作简单、准确、灵敏度高,可作为通用方法测定兽用化学药品标准物质中钠离子的含量。     

现阶段兽医实验室人员管理的对策思考

兽医实验室是做好动物防疫工作的重要机构,是兽医行政管理、执法监督的重要技术保障,在动物疫病预警预报和保障动物源性食品安全方面具有重大意义。本文认为当前兽医实验室在人员管理制度、人员能力和人员安全意识等方面存在发展不足,并结合问题提出了建立健全兽医实验室管理制度,明确岗位与人员配备,加强安全宣传教育,强化人员业务培训,加强人员监督与考核落实等发展建议,以期为做好新时期兽医实验室管理提供参考。     

关于加强兽医实验室生物安全培训的探讨

<正>近年来,随着我国高级别兽医生物安全实验室数量的增加及实验室仪器设备的不断更新,兽医实验室整体水平得到了全面提升,特别是实验室的一些"硬件"建设上有了很大的     

Veterinary practice management education in the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges member colleges during 1999

Most veterinary students enrolled at AAVMC member institutions take at least 1 VPM course prior to graduation. These courses are characterized by widespread involvement of outside lecturers with business expertise, which likely adds to their strength. However, it remains that wide variation in VPM education exists across the AAVMC with regard to the topics addressed, the specific business expertise of faculty and administrative course specifics. As such, the situation provides several key opportunities. Foremost among these is the immediate need for profession-wide discourse on VPM education to define reasonable expectations with regard to the business skills of veterinary graduates. In addition, outcomes assessment would provide information on which of the widely varying approaches to VPM education is most likely to produce successful graduates. The opportunity also exists for development of academic research programs to support VPM education directly by strengthening the related disciplinary knowledge base. Effective leadership for these efforts will be crucial to their success.     

论基础兽医实验室的安全运行与管理

基础兽医实验室是提供兽医临床诊断服务、承担疫病检测和免疫效果监测等实验活动的特殊工作场所,具有数量多、分布广、实验活动多样、运行目的各异等特点。通过介绍基础兽医实验室在我国的运行现状和国家相关管理要求,对该类实验室的安全运行提出了几点建议,如通过评估确定风险防范措施、规范样品采集与处理工作、做好个人防护、制定应急预案、分类管理废弃物品等,以期对基础兽医实验室的安全运行与管理提供借鉴。     

浅谈基层兽医实验室技术人员应具备的综合素质

地(县)级兽医实验室承担着动物疫病监测、诊断、流行病学调查等主要任务,是兽医行政管理和执法监督的重要技术保障和依托,在动物疫病防控中发挥着重要的作用。按照农业部《兽医实验室考核管理办法》《宁夏市县级兽医实验室考核工作实施方案》的要求,我市对兽医实验室进行了改扩建,配置了相应的硬件设施,制定和完善了实验室质量管理和生物安全管理体系文件,并严格按照程序操作和执行。但在运行过程中深深体会到,兽医实验室工作的正常开展,除了资金的投入和完善的管理体系、设施设备外,还需一支综合素质高的技术队伍,这样才能真正发挥     

生猪宰后沙门氏菌的实验室检验

沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患传染病的病原,是检疫过程中必须有针对性进行检验的细菌。本文选择沈阳市某屠宰场宰后的可疑生猪5头,无菌采集股内侧肌、淋巴结、肾脏,进行细菌的分离鉴定。通过培养特性、生化特性及血清学鉴定,从2头生猪中检出沙门氏菌,并对其肉品及内脏进行无害化处理。     

Patterns of bovine dairy submissions to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System.

Dairy cattle submissions to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System (CVDLS) were analyzed to determine submitter statistics. Eligible submissions were those received July 1, 1987 through December 31, 1989 for reasons other than regulatory brucellosis serology. A comprehensive list frame of California dairies was constructed from Brucella Ring Test information and served as the comparison population for the study. Analyses were performed based on geographic location, herd size, proximity to a CVDLS laboratory, and frequency of submission. Thirty-nine percent of the 2,490 California dairies in the reference population had submitted specimens greater than or equal to 1 time to the CVDLS during the study period. Twenty-three percent of the reference population had submitted greater than or equal to 2 times. Specimens were more likely to be submitted from larger herds than smaller herds. Larger dairies also submitted specimens more frequently. Dairies in the northern part of the state were more likely to submit specimens and submitted more frequently than southern herds when herd size was accounted for in the analysis. Mean submission rate (+/- SD) for the 970 submitting dairies was 1.4 (+/- 1.8) submissions/year. Forty-six percent of the dairies accounted for 80% of submissions, whereas only 14% of dairies accounted for 50% of all diagnostic dairy submissions.     

基于国家兽药追溯的兽药连锁经营全程管理系统建设研究

随着国家兽药产品追溯系统在兽药经营环节的实施,兽药连锁经营企业为适应兽药追溯工作的开展,需要建设或改造其管理系统。针对兽药连锁经营企业,提出基于国家兽药追溯的兽药连锁经营管理系统的建设思路、建设架构以及系统功能,并对系统建设的关键因素进行分析,以期为兽药连锁经营企业的信息化建设提供参考。     

六十载厚积薄发谱今朝华彩乐章——哈尔滨兽医研究所喜迎六十周年华诞

7月17日至19日，中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所举办了一系列隆重的庆典活动，热烈庆祝建所六十周年。作为行业内的一件大事，本次活动引起了各级领导的广泛重视，行业内专家学者积极参与，通过主办方的精心策划和组织安排，使得本次活动盛况空前，在行业内影响力巨大。     

山东省兽用抗菌药物生产经营和使用情况调查报告

通过对山东省动物养殖企业的调查,初步摸清了当前兽用抗菌药物的使用情况：部分兽用抗菌药物存在超范围使用问题,小规模动物养殖单位存在抗菌药物滥用和兽药残留隐患;兽用抗菌药物在动物饲养用药费用中占一半以上,但占动物饲养总成本的比例不足1%。建议采取宣传、引导等措施,进一步推动抗菌药物的合理使用。     

法国布鲁氏菌病参考实验室的血清学检测方法

本文介绍了法国OIE布病参考实验室的常规布病血清学诊断方法,概述了相应的质量控制方法,阐述了与我国布病血清学诊断方法的差异,探讨了法国布病血清学诊断技术标准、OIE布病参考实验室职责履行及质量控制体系,并提出相关建议。     

Increasing number of Salmonella paratyphi B isolates from slaughtered poultry sent in to the national Salmonella reference laboratory.]

In the last years the number of isolations of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B) sent to the national salmonella reference laboratory of Germany has increased steadily. Most of the isolates originated from fowl or poultry products. The bacteriological, serological and biochemical properties of the isolates were investigated. Special emphasis was given to the utilization of d-tartrate which subgroups the serovar. All of them belonged to the d-tartrate positive variant, which is generally considered less virulent for humans and was formerly called S. java. The performance of various tests is compared and in addition the possibility of the spread within the production line is discussed.