草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的初步研究

根据GeneBank中草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)104株VP6蛋白的全基因序列(HM234682)设计一对特异引物,以提取的GCRV-104核酸为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增VP6蛋白编码基因,并将其克隆到含强启动子AOXⅠ的毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPICZB上。重组酵母质粒pPICZB-VP6经SacⅠ线性化,电击转化到毕赤酵母KM71菌株中,Zeocin抗性平板上筛选高拷贝转化子。阳性转化子在30℃,0.5%(V/V)的甲醇添加量的条件下,连续诱导3 d,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-Blotting检测,结果表明成功实现了GCRV-104 VP6蛋白在毕赤酵母中的胞内表达,重组VP6蛋白相对分子质量约46 000,与天然VP6蛋白相对分子质量接近,并且可与鼠抗草鱼GCRV-104 VP6蛋白的多克隆抗体特异性结合。     

大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中的重组分泌表达

依据大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒（Turbot viral reddish body iridovirus,TRBIV）主要衣壳蛋白（Major capsid protein,MCP）基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,并在正反向引物中分别引入EcoR Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ酶切位点,从而将PCR扩增得到的TRBIV MCP基因双酶切后定向克隆到真核表达载体pGAPZαA的GAP启动子的下游位点,并电转化入大肠杆菌DH5α宿主菌内。经抗生素Zeocin筛选、PCR、EcoR Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ双酶切以及测序分析,构建了含有α-factor信号肽的真核重组表达载体pGAPZαA MCP。重组表达质粒pGAPZαA MCP经Avr Ⅱ单酶切后电转导入毕赤酵母X-33中,挑选阳性克隆,提取表达上清经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot免疫印迹分析。结果显示,TRBIV MCP基因在酵母中成功实现分泌表达。阳性重组酵母菌经过72h诱导培养后,重组TRBIV MCP的表达量高达60.2μg/ml左右。     

鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的初步表达

根据SVCV糖蛋白基因序列设计引物,在5’引物和3’引物中分别引入酶切位点。以病毒核酸为模板用RT-PCR方法扩增该段糖蛋白基因,将所得的基因片段(517和521)克隆至穿梭载体pGAPZαA/B之GAP启动子下游位点,构建含α信号肽的重组表达载体。获得的重组质粒pGAPZαA-517和pGAPZαB-521经线性化后,电击法转化毕赤酵母SMD1168菌株,构建分泌型表达SVCV糖蛋白的重组酵母菌株。酵母菌落PCR法检测表明,已成功构建分泌表达SVCV糖蛋白的酵母基因工程菌株,斑点印迹法进一步分析表明有目的蛋白的成功表达。     

酵母双杂交系统用于WSSV粘附蛋白VP37相关蛋白基因的研究

为研究WSSV的粘附蛋白VP37相关蛋白的基因，应用酵母双杂交系统Ⅲ筛选中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)鳃细胞全长cDNA文库。构建VP37基因的重组载体PGBKT7-VP37，把它转化酵母Y187后与含文库质粒的酵母AH109配合，在营养缺陷培养基上进行双杂交筛选。经过PCR鉴定确定了1个阳性克隆。测定该段cDNA序列并进行生物信息学分析，结果显示，此cDNA片段编码的蛋白与蛋白酶的同源性较高，该蛋白在WSSV识别并结合宿主的过程中所起的作用还有待于进一步研究。成功筛选了VP37相关蛋白的cDNA片段，为研究WSSV入侵以及感染致病的机制等方面提供了新线索。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒VP28酵母表面展示

以pYD1为载体,制备以酒精酵母为载体的基因工程免疫制剂。参照GenBank中对虾白斑综合征病毒VP28基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到预期长度的产物,双酶切插入用于酒精酵母表面展示的穿梭质粒载体pYD1,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,提取阳性质粒转化酒精酵母菌株EBY100,诱导表达后,用免疫荧光检测外源蛋白的表达。结果获得VP28酵母表面展示菌,测得最佳诱导时间为36～48h。以此展示酵母活细胞分设两个浓度组,腹腔注射螯虾,检测其毒性。结果表明,此重组酵母对螯虾是安全的,该研究为下一步对虾用活载体免疫制剂效果的研究奠定了基础。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV VP56相互作用蛋白的鉴定

为研究Ⅱ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒外纤维蛋白VP56与宿主蛋白的相互作用,实验采用酵母双杂交Gal4系统鉴定与VP56相互作用的草鱼蛋白。首先利用RT-PCR技术从Ⅱ型GCRV感染的草鱼肾细胞中扩增目的基因VP56,构建p GBKT7-VP56诱饵表达载体;在酵母菌株中检测其自激活性后,以VP56为诱饵在草鱼酵母双杂交文库中筛选阳性菌株,并对阳性克隆的序列进行分析。实验也克隆了草鱼JAM-A(Gc JAM-A)基因,并构建p GADT7-Gc JAM-A载体,在酵母中研究草鱼Gc JAM-A与病毒蛋白VP56相互作用的可能性。研究表明构建的诱饵质粒p GBKT7-VP56无自激活作用,可以应用于酵母双杂交筛选;从草鱼肾细胞文库中筛选得到9株阳性克隆,基因测序及序列分析确定其中包含草鱼7个细胞内蛋白和1个细胞外基质蛋白;VP56蛋白与Gc JAM-A蛋白在酵母中不能发生相互作用。本研究初步确定了与Ⅱ型GCRV蛋白VP56存在潜在相互作用的宿主蛋白,为深入探讨VP56蛋白在Ⅱ型GCRV感染宿主过程中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

对虾白斑病毒VP15基因的RNA干扰体外研究

VP15是南美白对虾WSSV病毒的一个核衣壳基因。本研究采用体外干扰实验筛选对VP15具有针对性的siRNA。实验构建了真核表达载体pEGFP–VP15,并将设计的siRNA以及pEGFP–VP15共转染BHK细胞。采用Western blot方法检测GFP–VP15融合蛋白的表达,半定量RT-PCR方法检验siRNA抑制VP15基因转录的效果。 实验结果表明,pEGFP–VP15在PK细胞正常表达,设计的三对siRNA对GFP–VP15的mRNA转录均有不同程度的干扰效果,其中siRNA1的干扰效果最为显著。实验结果为下一步对虾体内干扰WSSV病毒复制研究以及筛选更多的特异siRNA建立基础。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒vp28基因的表达及其与血细胞的结合

根据GenBank上WSSV囊膜蛋白基因vp28的序列,设计合成引物,PCR扩增得到vp28基因,成功构建重组表达载体pBAD/gIIIA-VP28并转化大肠杆菌E.coli.用L-阿拉伯糖在37℃诱导重组基因工程菌,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测,显示有与预期大小31kDa相符合的目的蛋白.荧光显微镜方法分析显示,表达的VP28可与克氏原螯虾血细胞结合.结果表明,在合适的培养条件下,构建的重组表达载体pBAD/gIIIA-VP28不仅能够表达vp28 基因,而且表达的VP28具有很高的抗原结合活性.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建

以据草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)VP6蛋白的全基因序列(GeneBank AF403394)为模板,采用RT-PCR构建了草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建。结果显示:实验构建的pCR 2.1-VP6重组质粒含有NcoⅠ和BglⅡ酶切位点;pCR 2.1-VP6重组质粒经PCR扩增和测序显示含有1.3 Kbp的草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6基因读码框片段。将目的片段VP6酶切、克隆到携带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1302中,再经酶切、PCR扩增和序列测定显示,pCAMBIA1302-VP6含有1.3 Kbp的草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6基因片段,说明已插入植物表达载体pCAMBIA1302绿色荧光蛋白基因前,成功构建了融合表达草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1302-VP6。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）囊膜蛋白VP110部分重组表达及其与对虾鳃细胞膜蛋白结合分析

将VP110基因的部分序列克隆到pET-28a载体中构建pET28a-vp110b重组质粒并进行原核表达,获得重组表达的蛋白rVP110-B;用rVP110-B注射凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei后,经WSSV感染,实验表明,该蛋白注射使凡纳滨对虾感染WSSV的半数死亡时间比对照组延长了20%。用表达纯化的该重组蛋白制备了兔抗rVP110-B多克隆抗体,该抗体用于凡纳滨对虾鳃细胞膜蛋白与rVP110-B的Far-western分析显示,凡纳滨对虾鳃细胞膜蛋白中除90 kDa左右的血蓝蛋白外,在41.7 kDa存在结合条带,经质谱分析表明这条鳃细胞膜蛋白是肌动蛋白。     

白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白VP19及VP28的研究进展

自二十世纪90年代,白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)就因其暴发范围广、致死率高得到了广泛的关注。研究主要集中在确定该病毒蛋白的结构及功能,以及利用其囊膜蛋白制备亚单位疫苗、研发DNA疫苗等来提高对虾抵抗白斑综合征病毒的能力,尽管免疫防治目前在实验室阶段已取得了显著的保护效果,但因其给药方式局限以及成本较高等因素一直没有应用于实际生产中。VP19和VP28是白斑综合征病毒主要的囊膜蛋白,在WSSV感染对虾的过程中起着非常重要的作用。本文从WSSV的基因组学、VP19和VP28的蛋白质结构及其在免疫防治中的应用等方面概述了VP19和VP28的研究进展,包括蛋白亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA疫苗以及相关抗体的研究。在总结了不同类型疫苗的保护效果后发现,VP19和VP28的双价疫苗的保护率较高,为今后制定有效的WSSV控制方法提供了参考。     

Protection of crayfish, Cambarus clarkii, from white spot syndrome virus by polyclonal antibodies against a viral envelope fusion protein

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, causing considerable mortality in penaeid shrimp and other crustaceans. WSSV produces five major structural proteins, including two major envelope proteins, VP28 and VP19. To produce VP28 and VP19 as a single protein for antibody production, DNA sequences encoding both open reading frames were fused together and cloned into pET-22b(+) expression vector. The fusion protein, VP(19+28), was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified using Ni2+ His affinity chromatography and injected into a rabbit. Antiserum collected from the immunized rabbit was tested in vivo for ability to protect crayfish, Cambarus clarkii, from disease caused by WSSV. Fifteen days after challenge with WSSV, treatment with VP(19+28) antiserum gave 100% protection against disease in the ambient temperature range of 15-22 degrees C and 65% protection at a constant temperature of 26 degrees C. These results demonstrated VP(19+28) antiserum is effective in protection of crayfish from WSSV and confirmed that VP19 and VP28 play an important role in WSSV host infection. Targeting both VP19 and VP28 may be effective for the design of both immunotherapeutic medicines and reagents to detect WSSV.     

对虾白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白VP110在中国明对虾鳃细胞中结合蛋白的鉴定与特性

为了鉴定对虾白斑病综合征病毒(WSSV)囊膜蛋白VP110在中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)鳃细胞中的结合蛋白, 运用pET-32(a)+载体构建了1段含RGD模体的截短VP110原核重组表达质粒, 转化大肠杆菌诱导表达后获得分子量为41 kD的截短重组VP110蛋白(rVP110)。以rVP110作为诱饵蛋白, 运用pull-down实验结合蛋白质谱分析鉴定rVP110结合蛋白, 结果显示, 中国明对虾鳃细胞中的肌动蛋白和精氨酸激酶(arginine kinase,AK)与rVP110具有结合作用。利用PCR扩增中国明对虾AK编码基因, 将其与表达载体pGEX-4T-1连接后转化大肠杆菌诱导表达获得重组AK蛋白(rAK), 通过pull-down实验进一步证实rAK可与rVP110发生结合。克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkia)体内中和实验结果显示, rAK对WSSV感染克氏原螯虾具有一定的中和作用, 能延缓螯虾的死亡进程。另外, 中国明对虾在人工感染WSSV后, 荧光定量PCR检测结果显示, AK基因表达水平显著上调, 18 h时达到峰值, 然后下降至正常水平; 酶底物法检测结果同样显示, 鳃细胞中AK酶活性在感染WSSV后发生显著上调。本研究旨在为深入了解WSSV囊膜蛋白VP110在WSSV感染宿主过程中的作用提供基础依据。

     

Nucleotide sequence variations of the major structural proteins (VP15, VP19, VP26 and VP28) of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a pathogen of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in Mexico

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was first reported in farmed Litopenaeus vannamei stocks in Sinaloa and Sonora, Mexico during 1999 and continues to cause severe shrimp losses. WSSV genes encoding nucleocapsid (VP26 and VP15) and envelope proteins (VP19 and VP28) of a Mexican isolate were cloned in the pMosBlue vector. The nucleotide sequences of these genes were compared with WSSV isolates in GenBank. VP15 is highly conserved, and VP26 showed 99% homology to a Chinese isolate. The VP28 fragment demonstrated 100% homology to the majority of the isolates analysed (UniProt accession no. Q91CB7), differing from two Indian WSSV and one Chinese WSSV isolates by two non-conserved and one conserved replacements, respectively. Because of their highly conserved nature, these three structural proteins are good candidates for the development of antibody-based WSSV diagnostic tools or for the production of recombinant protein vaccines to stimulate the quasi-immune response of shrimp. In contrast, VP19 of the Mexican isolate was distinguishable from almost all isolates tested, including an American strain of WSSV (US98/South Carolina, GenBank accession no. AAP14086). Although homology was found with isolates from Taiwan (GenBank accession no. AAL89341) and India (GenBank accession no. AAW67477), VP19 may have application as a genetic marker.     

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using recombinant subunit injection vaccine expressed in Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT:   The potentiality of injection vaccine against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish Procambarus clarkii was investigated. WSSV envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115. The purified recombinant proteins (2 µg/g of crayfish) were injected intramuscularly, and the same dose injected as a booster shot on fifth day after vaccination. The vaccinated crayfish were divided into two even groups and later challenged orally by WSSV-infected dead crayfish muscle (2 g/individual) on the third and 21st days after the booster shot. The relative percent survival (RPS) in the third-day group was the highest in VP28 (91%), followed by VP19 + VP28 (84%), and VP19 (45%). The RPS for the 21st-day group was the highest in VP28 (78%), followed by VP19 + VP28 (76%), and VP19 (17%). Development of vaccine by using recombinant proteins VP19 and VP28 expressed in yeast is feasible.     

Molecular docking and simulation studies of 3‐(1‐chloropiperidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐fluoro benzisoxazole 2 against VP26 and VP28 proteins of white spot syndrome virus

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an aquatic virus infecting shrimps and other crustaceans, is widely distributed in Asian subcontinents including India. The infection has led to a serious economic loss in shrimp farming. The WSSV genome is approximately 300 kb and codes for several proteins mediating the infection. The envelope proteins VP26 and VP28 play a major role in infection process and also in the interaction with the host cells. A comprehensive study on the viral proteins leading to the development of safe and potent antiviral therapeutic is of adverse need. The novel synthesized compound 3‐(1‐chloropiperidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐fluoro benzisoxazole 2 is proved to have potent antiviral activity against WSSV. The compound antiviral activity is validated in freshwater crabs (Paratelphusa hydrodomous). An in silico molecular docking and simulation analysis of the envelope proteins VP26 and VP28 with the ligand 3‐(1‐chloropiperidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐fluoro benzisoxazole 2 are carried out. The docking analysis reveals that the polar amino acids in the pore region of the envelope proteins were involved in the ligand binding. The influence of the ligand binding on the proteins is validated by the molecular dynamics and simulation study. These in silico approaches together demonstrate the ligand's efficiency in preventing the trimers from exhibiting their physiological function.     

抗WSSV囊膜蛋白（VP28和VP19）单抗的体内中和效果研究

通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定不同稀释度对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）与已制备的WSSV囊膜蛋白单克隆抗体结合的OD值。利用克氏原螯虾Cambarus proclarkii动物模型,将不同稀释度病毒与单抗1：1混合孵育2h后,肌肉注射克氏原螯虾（50μl／只）,观察记录螯虾的死亡情况。ELISA结果显示,在1×10^-3病毒稀释度下两种单抗均足量。在螯虾体内中和实验中,当病毒浓度为1×10^-3、1×10^-4、1×10^-5和1×10^-6稀释度时,MAb1D6（VP28）螯虾组最终死亡率分别为100％、90％、16．7％和6．7％,而MAb2E9（VP19）螯虾组最终死亡率分别为100％、100％、100％和93．3％。这表明随病毒浓度的降低,MAb1D6（VP28）的中和效果越明显。而MAb2E9（VP19）并无明显的中和效果。